scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice (Oryza Sativa) Varieties Suitable for Organic Farming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Vasantha Kumari ◽  
P M Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Yield Quality

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the rice varieties suitable for organic farming. The experiment was carried out in the rabi season of 2013-14 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the yield, quality and economics of different rice varieties. The experiment was laid out in a RBD replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of 12 rice varieties viz., Bhavani, White ponni, Mappillai samba, Kitchili samba, IR 20, CO 43, CO(R) 48, CO(R) 51, CB 05022, KDML 105, Red kavuni and Jeeraga samba. The culture CB 05022 produced significantly higher grain yield of 4877 kg ha-1 and registered a yield increase ranging from 32 to 82 per cent over the other varieties under evaluation. With regard to quality parameters, grains of the culture CB 05022 was medium slender based on the kernel length and L/B ratio. The highest net return of ` 40,015 ha-1 with B:C ratio of 2.28 was realised under the rice culture CB 05022 followed by Kitchili samba (net return: ` 32,423 ha-1; B:C ratio: 2.04) and Jeeraga samba (net return: ` 31,431 ha-1; B:C ratio: 2.01). It is inferred that varieties and cultures differ widely among themselves when grown under organic farming. In terms of grain yield, quality and economics, the culture CB 05022 performed better under the organic production system.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Effects on Yield, Quality and Physiological Characteristics of Giant Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1816
Author(s):  
Jisheng Zhang ◽  
Tianyi Tong ◽  
Pouwedeou Mouloumdema Potcho ◽  
Suihua Huang ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level

In China, the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer applied is large, but as a consequence of a high level of loss, its utilization rate is low. Compared to common rice, the new giant rice has interesting characteristics, namely high biological yield and good efficient use of fertilizer. However, it becomes urgent to further consider the appropriate rate of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied. The giant rice varieties Feng5 and Feng6 were set up in a pot experiment and a field experiment under five doses of nitrogen fertilizers, namely, 0 kg·ha−1 (CK), 75 kg·ha−1 (T1), 150 kg·ha−1 (T2), 225 kg·ha−1 (T3) and 300 kg·ha−1 (T4). Parameters such as leaf area index (LAI), lodging index (LI), nitrogen utilization rate, photosynthesis rate and grain yield were measured. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen dose in a certain range, LAI, plant height, the number of tillers, net photosynthetic rate (NPn), the transpiration rate (Tr), and the grain yield increased while the lodging index (LI), the nitrogen agronomic utilization rate (AE) and nitrogen partial productivity (PFPN) decreased. Additionally, with the increase of nitrogen application, the grain yield index (HI) and nitrogen contribution rate (FCRN) of rice presented a parabolic trend.

scholarly journals Performance of landrace and improved rice varieties under the system of rice intensification management in Bajhang District of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B Khadka ◽  
Hari P Acharya ◽  
Norman Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rice Intensification

Participatory action research was conducted in Luinyata VDC of Bajhang district during main rice-growing season of 2012 to evaluate the effects of cultivation practices in rice varieties. The experiment was in factorial randomized complete block design, where two methods of cultivations: System of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting (CT) and 3 different varieties: Khumal-4, Thapachini and Hansaraj Basmati were evaluated. Data were collected on grain yield, number of tillers, panicle length and number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. Results averaged across the three varieties showed significantly better crop performance with SRI practices: higher number of tillers per hill, panicles per hill, tillers per m2, panicles per m2, and grain yield. The values of these parameters comparing SRI with conventional practice were, respectively, 24.5 vs. 11.3, 21.5 vs. 9.5, 305 vs. 273, 273.5 vs. 233.8, and 7.6 vs. 4.46 tha-1. Among the varieties evaluated, the highest yield was achieved with the Thapachini (8.11tha-1) using SRI methods. Average yield increase across the three varieties with SRI practice was 70% compared CT. These results indicate the practical relevance of SRI principles for increasing rice production in mountainous regions of Nepal.

Response of rice hybrids to irrigation levels for yield, quality and water use during boro season in lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
Bishal Mukherjee ◽  
Mrityunjay Ghosh ◽  
S Banerjee ◽  
K Jana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The effect of irrigation regimes (irrigation at 1, 3 and 5 days interval) on four rice hybrids (6129 Gold, 6444 Gold, Tej Gold and DRH 775) was studied in split plot design during dry (boro) season of 2017 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal. Mean cultivar days to 50% flowering and maturity of hybrid rice were 99.1 and 125.9 days, respectively; while total summed GDD, HTU and PTU for entire life cycle were 1656°C day, 10410°C hour and 20311°C hour, respectively. Irrigation at 1 day interval resulted in highest grain yield (5.92 t ha-1), heat use efficiency (3.62 kg ha-1 °C day-1) and head rice recovery (58.2%), but lowest (3.08 kg ha-1 mm-1) water use efficiency (WUE). Among four hybrids, 6129 Gold yielded highest (5.88 t ha-1) with maximum WUE (4.44 kg ha-1 mm-1) and high-intermediate gelatinization temperature (score 3.0), that yield was 0.31, 0.42 and 0.51 t ha-1 greater over Tej Gold, DRH 775 and 6444 Gold, respectively. Irrigation regime could influence a few grain quality parameters viz. brown rice (73.8-75.6%), head rice recovery (53.3-58.2%) and alkali spreading score (score 3.2-4.1) in the investigation. Irrigation at 3 days interval might be adopted due to better WUE (5.02 kg ha-1 mm-1) with moderate grain yield (5.80 t ha-1) during boro season in lower gangetic plains of West Bengal.

Nitrogen rate and timing effects on growth and yield of drill-sown rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
B. A. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Eight rice experiments were established at two sites in the Riverina district of south-eastern Australia in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons. Two semi-dwarf rice varieties were drill-sown and nitrogen (N) fertiliser (urea) was applied at different rates at the 4-leaf stage before permanent water (pre-PW) and at panicle initiation (PI). The research assessed the impact of timing of N application on grain yield, compared the apparent N recovery of N fertiliser applied at the two stages, and determined an application strategy for N to obtain consistently high grain yields for current, semi-dwarf rice varieties when drill-sown. The apparent N recoveries achieved were 59% for N applied pre-PW and 25% for N applied at PI, averaged across years, sites, varieties and N rates. Grain yield increased significantly with increased rate of N applied at both stages, but the rate of increase from N applied at PI decreased as the rate of N applied pre-PW increased. The grain yield increase for N applied pre-PW was due to increased number of panicles at maturity and increased number of florets per panicle. Nitrogen applied at PI increased dry matter at maturity and number of florets per panicle. Application of N at PI increased grain yield over that when no N was applied; however, at low PI N-uptake levels, application of N at PI is not enough to achieve high grain yields. Therefore, sufficient N should be available to the crop from a combination of soil- and pre-PW-applied N for the crop to reach a level of N uptake at PI whereby high yields can be achieved. Nitrogen applied at PI did not appear to increase the potential for cold-induced floret sterility as much as pre-PW-applied N. Further research is required to confirm this in other seasons and for other rice varieties.

scholarly journals Popularization of organic chilli cultivation in the Eastern Ghat high land zone of Odisha, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1821-1826
Author(s):  
P. Sial ◽  
R. K. Tarai ◽  
B. K. Sethy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Eastern Ghat ◽  
High Return ◽  
The Cost

The present study was conducted in the Koraput district of Odisha in India during 2012-13 and 2013-14 under National Horticulture Mission for popularization of organic chilli cultivation through frontline demonstrations.The green chilli yield of hybrid Guntur Hope varied from 5.0 t/ha to 6.67 t/ha in different FLD organic plots, where as it varied from 5.75 t/ha to 6.83t/ha in inorganic plots (Farmers Practice). The average yield in organic plots was 6.29 t/ha in comparison with average yield 6.52 t/ha of inorganic plots in farmers practice. The average cost of cultivation per ha of chilli on FLD plots was Rs.46, 100/- as against Rs. 43,400/- on inorganic plots (Farmers Practice). The cost of chilli cultivation in organic farming was comparatively higher than the conventional practice because of use of bio inputs in the field. However, the averages net return of Organic chilli in different FLD plots was Rs. 58,167/- in contrast to Rs. 43,107/- in inorganic chilli. The organic farming recorded higher net return than that of the Farmers Practice. The B:C ratio was found to be 1: 2.28 in Organic chilli and 1: 2.00 in Inorganic chilli. Organic chilli growers were highly satisfied with their organic production and economic return. Chilli farmers were advised to switch over to organic farming which can give high return and minimize environmental degradation.

scholarly journals Study on Standard Heterosis for Yield, Quality and its Attributing Characters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids under Aerobic Cultivation

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
P. Madhukar ◽  
S. Vanisri ◽  
P. Senguttuvel ◽  
Ch. Surender Raju ◽  
S. Narender Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Standard Heterosis ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Field experiments were conducted for development and evaluation of aerobic rice hybrids during2015-16 to 2016-17 years. In the first experiment sufficient amount of variability was observed for grain yield per plant and its components among 125 genotypes evaluated in aerobic condition. Among these eight genotypes were the top ranking yield in aerobic conditions and good restorers tested by Test Cross Nursery and Rf3, Rf4 fertility restorer gene screening. Than 32 hybrids were produced involving 4 CMS lines (CMS23A, CMS59A, CMS64A and IR68897A) and 8 testers (SVHR-3005, NH-12-103R, KMP-128, MTU-1001, KMP-175, SV-315-081R, RNR-21280 and MTU-1075) and evaluated along with three checks (viz., hybrid check, KRH-2, inbred checks, MTU-1010, MAS-946) under aerobic situation and  carryout standard heterosis analysis, to identify best heterotic hybrids over local checks. CMS23A x SV-315-081R manifested high heterotic effects (>20%) for grain yield per plant over the standard checks, besides for important components. Few more CMS59A x KMP-175, CMS59A x RNR-21280, CMS23A x MTU-1001, IR-68897A x MTU-1075 and CMS23A x MTU-1075 were also identified as potential hybrids in view of higher amount of heterosis. For quality, CMS64A x RNR-21280 (hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery and kernel elongation ratio) and CMS23A x SV-315-081R (head rice recovery, kernel length, L/B ratio and Kernel length after cooking) were best heterotic hybrids. Two crosses viz., CMS59A x SVHR-3005 and CMS64A x SVHR-3005 expressed negative heterosis for kernel breadth and positive heterosis for kernel L/B ratio which was desirable.

scholarly journals Heterosis and inbreeding studies for agronomic and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rukmini Devi ◽  
B.Satish Chandra ◽  
Y. Hari ◽  
V. Venkanna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Breadth Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

Heterosis and inbreeding depression was studied for twenty characters in seven parental lines and their eleven hybrids in rice. Significant positive average heterosis and heterobeltiosis was observed for effective tillers, grain yield /plant, panicle density ,filled grains /panicle, panicle length, length/breadth ratio, head rice recovery, milling percent and hulling percent. Significant negative heterosis was observed for days to 50 % flowering in desired direction. Among the crosses, Kavya × WGL-915, BPT-5024 × WGL-915, Kavya × HKR-08-62, BPT-5204 × MTU-1075 and BPT-5204 × Gontrabidhan recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis for grain yield/plant and also two to three important economic characters and showed significant positive inbreeding depression . The inheritance of yield, yield components and quality traits were mostly governed by non additive type of gene action as evident from high heterosis followed by high inbreeding depression and in such cases heterosis breeding is more feasible to achieve quantum jump in rice yield while, pedigree method in few specific crosses showing low inbreeding depression in order to improve characters like head rice recovery, kernel length, length/breadth ratio, kernel length after cooking and days to 50% flowering etc. Selection of good parents was found to be most important for developing high yielding rice varieties with desirable characters.

scholarly journals Effects of Light Quality Treatments during the Grain Filling Period on Yield, Quality, and Fragrance in Fragrant Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Huijia Xie ◽  
Wenjun Xie ◽  
Shenggang Pan ◽  
Xuwei Liu ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Grain Filling Period

The effect of the light quality on 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) during the grain filling period in fragrant rice has rarely been investigated. A pot experiment was carried out with two fragrant rice varieties, Xiangyaxiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan, grown under three light treatments, 100% red light (L1), 100% blue light (L2), and compound light (L3), during the grain filling period, and natural light was taken as the control (CK). The yield, quality, and fragrance were investigated. The results showed that light quality treatments significantly decreased the 2AP content in mature grains by 16.67–32.82% but improved the grain yield by 2.70–21.41% compared to CK. The regulation effects of light quality treatments on grain yield and 2AP are linked to yield-related traits, biomass accumulation, antioxidant physiology, and 2AP formation-related physiology. Additionally, light quality treatments decreased the chalky rice percentage and chalkiness, and increased the length-to-width ratio. Overall, light quality treatments during the grain filling period had a positive effect on the grain yield but not on fragrance in fragrant rice.

scholarly journals Screening of Advanced Aromatic Rice Lines Using Morphological and Physico-Chemical Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
S Paul ◽  
PK Biswas ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
SS Siddique ◽  
BJ Shirazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Short-statured and lodging resistant rice plants with long to medium slender grain are the expected criteria for aromatic rice. However, most of the aromatic rice varieties in Bangladesh do not meet the expected criteria. Therefore, this study was undertaken to detect short-statured rice plants with aromatic and long to medium slender grain where twelve advanced rice lines (derived from the local rice germplasm) with a local check Kataribhog were evaluated. All the genotypes demonstrated significant variation for different parameters such as plant height at harvest, yield per hectare, grain length, grain size, grain shape, and aroma. At harvest, the shortest plant height was obtained from SAU ADL11 (107.09cm), and it was statistically similar to SAU ADL4 (111.68cm) and SAU ADL5 (111.89cm). However, the plant height of check variety Kataribhog was 167.17cm. The highest grain yield per hectare was found in SAU ADL5 (4.79 tha-1), where it was 2.71 tha-1 in Kataribhog. Besides, the grain yield of shorter genotypes SAU ADL4 and SAU ADL11 was 3.47 t ha-1 and 3.84 t ha-1 , respectively. The SAU ADL1 provided the highest kernel length (7.31mm), and the lowest kernel length (4.87 mm) was recorded in the check. Kernel length of short-statured genotypes ranged from 7.01 mm to 6.57 mm. Kernel size of all evaluated genotypes was long to medium; whereas, it was short for Kataribhog. Kernel shape of these short-statured genotypes was slender to medium. In case of aroma, SAU ADL3, SAU ADL5, SAU ADL7, SAU ADL9, SAU ADL10, and SAU ADL11 were moderately aromatic, and other genotypes were non-aromatic. However, Kataribhog was strongly aromatic. Finally, SAU ADL5 and SAU ADL11 were evaluated as important germplasms in respect of different characters such as shortstatured plant, long to medium slender grain, and aroma. These two lines could be potential inbreed aromatic rice genotypes for Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 91-102

Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Yesmina ◽  
Moushumi Akhtarb ◽  
Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

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