Productivity of mungbean (Vigna radiata) with elevated carbon dioxideat various phosphorus levels and cyanobacteria inoculation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar Dey ◽  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
R Prasanna ◽  
S. D. Singh ◽  
T J Purakayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has significant impact on crop growth and productivity. A study was undertaken during the kharif season to study the impacts of elevated CO2 and cyanobacterial inoculation on growth and yield of mungbean crop under different doses of P using Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility. The crop was grown under two CO2 levels i.e., ambient (400 µmol mol-1) and elevated (550 ± 20 µmol mol-1), with five levels of P (0, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg P kg-1 soil) and 2 levels of calothrix sp. (with and without cyanobacteria) inoculation. Elevated CO2 level increased seed yield by 35.0% and biomass yield by 31.3%. Leaf area, photosynthesis rate and leaf chlorophyll content significantly increased at high CO2 level. Yield attributes such as number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weight also increased at high CO2 level. Application of P and cyanobacterial inoculation further increased growth and yield of the crop. The study showed that application of P as well as cyanobacteria could help in improving productivity of legumes under elevated CO2 condition.

scholarly journals Effects of multigenerational exposure and phenotypic variation on a freshwater fish species exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jenna Laurel Fleet
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Behavioural Phenotypes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The amount of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and the acidity of aquatic ecosystems is increasing as atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase due to human activities. Changes in pH and dissolved CO2 can have considerable aversive effects on fish physiology and behaviour, which can result in negative effects on fish populations. Multigenerational studies have found that the conditions experienced by parents can have significant effects on the performance of their offspring and understanding these effects can help to predict how fish populations will cope in future conditions. Additionally, repeatable behavioural phenotypes are good predictors of trends in behaviour, can be useful predictors of other physiological and life history traits, and can be subject to selection pressures. Unfortunately, the effects of elevated CO2 on freshwater fishes over multiple generations, and the effects of behavioural phenotypes, are poorly understood. In my thesis, freshwater Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were used to investigate the influence of phenotypic variation and differences in time of exposure (generational) on biological responses to elevated CO2. Lab-reared medaka were divided into ‘responsive’ and ‘non-responsive’ groups based on behavioural differences from the population mean during acute exposure to high CO2 in a common shuttling and novel tank behavioural assay. Responsive and non-responsive fish in parental generation (P) were subdivided and exposed to either control (~480 ppm) or high CO2 (~1250 ppm) conditions over a 6-week period. Following this time, eggs from this generation were collected and randomly selected into either high or control conditions, where they were hatched and reared until maturation (filial generation one (F1), 18 weeks). Eggs from F1 were collected and hatched and reared in the same conditions as their parents until adulthood (filial generation two (F2), 24 weeks). Body condition (size, weight and length), behaviour (total distance moved, time spent in the outer zone of the behavioural arena, and swimming direction), reproductive (number of eggs, size of eggs, and survival to hatch) performance, and the relative abundance of various mRNA transcripts in whole brain tissue of fish was measured across these three generations. Behavioural phenotypes influenced reproduction for P and F2 generation fish, and growth for F1 and F2 fish; suggesting that intraspecific variation in behavioural phenotypes may influence how medaka respond to elevated CO2. However, behavioural phenotypes did not have a significant effect on mRNA abundance on genes targeted in my study. Multigenerational exposure to elevated CO2 were shown to improve the performance of offspring in some measures and resulted in changes of mRNA abundance of several genes. Transgenerational exposure, where a parent or grandparent was exposed to elevated CO2 but the offspring were not exposed to elevated CO2, resulted in some deleterious effects suggesting that, generally, exposure to environmental conditions that differ from that of their parents may put fish especially at risk. In my thesis, current CO2 exposure appeared to be the best predictor of overall condition, where fish exposed to elevated CO2 were worse off than fish exposed to control CO2 conditions. The results of this research contribute to filling a current gap of knowledge in understanding how freshwater fish will respond to future conditions over an ecologically-relevant time scale. Importantly, this information will contribute to generating more informed decisions on freshwater ecosystem management and future research directions. Marine and freshwater environments offer food and water security and are of high importance to the economy and the health of our planet, making my research relevant to our broader society.

Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Levels and Temperature on the Life History of the Madeira Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juang-Horng Chong ◽  
Marc W. van lersel ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Co2 Level

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures are increasing and, thus, the interactions between insect herbivores and their host plants in environments of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature must be examined. We investigated the combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (400 and 700 μmol mol−1) and temperature (20, 25 and 30°C) on the development, survival and reproduction of two generations of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, and the chemical composition of chrysanthemum, Dendranthema × grandiflora Kitam., leaves. The development of the mealybugs was temperature-driven and was not influenced by the CO2 level or the number of generations. At higher temperatures, the duration to egg eclosion and the developmental time of adult females and males were significantly shortened. More eggs survived to adulthood at higher temperatures. Temperature had no influence on the egg eclosion percentage. The reproductive period of females was shortest at 30°C, while fecundity was highest at 20°C. There was a significantly higher proportion of females at the end of the experiment at lower than at higher temperatures. Elevated CO2 level and temperature did not change the chemical composition (nitrogen and carbon concentrations, and carbon-nitrogen ratio) of the host plants. Relative water content of the leaf tissues was higher at 30°C than other temperature treatments. Our results show that the effects of temperature on the biology of the Madeira mealybug were stronger than that of the elevated CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals A Model to Account for Potential Correlations Between Growth of Loblolly Pine and Changing Ambient Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Westfall ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Continuously increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) may be leading to enhanced growth rates for loblolly pine. In order to plan effectively silvicultural regimes and harvesting schedules, managers of loblolly pine plantations may wish to account for these potential changes when making growth and yield projections. Data from 94 unthinned plots across the Southeast were used to develop an equation that utilizes change in ambient CO2 concentration and initial site quality to predict change in site index (ΔSI). For a given change in CO2 concentration, a greater increase in site index is afforded to lower quality sites. The ΔSI equation was incorporated into a loblolly pine growth model. Simulations with and without site index adjustments were performed and plot volume estimates were compared to observed values. Mean percent residual dropped from 9.7% with no adjustment to -0.5% when ΔSI was employed. Forest managers can use this model to evaluate how possible CO2-induced growth increases may affect long-term timber yields and management strategies. South. J. Appl. For. 27(4):279–284.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Concentration Improves Heat-Tolerant Ability in Crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (aCO2) and increasing temperature are the main reasons for climate change, which are significantly affecting crop production systems in this world. However, the elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration can improve the growth and development of crop plants by increasing photosynthetic rate (higher availability of photoassimilates). The combined effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature on crop growth and carbon metabolism are not adequately recognized, while both eCO2 and temperature triggered noteworthy changes in crop production. Therefore, to increase crop yields, it is important to identify the physiological mechanisms and genetic traits of crop plants which play a vital role in stress tolerance under the prevailing conditions. The eCO2 and temperature stress effects on physiological aspects as well as biochemical profile to characterize genotypes that differ in their response to stress conditions. The aim of this review is directed the open-top cavities to regulate the properties like physiological, biochemical, and yield of crops under increasing aCO2, and temperature. Overall, the extent of the effect of eCO2 and temperature response to biochemical components and antioxidants remains unclear, and therefore further studies are required to promote an unperturbed production system.

Measuring complex for monitoring carbon dioxide in air

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Igor M. Ageev ◽  
Yuri M. Rybin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Measuring Complex ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Term Monitoring

The advantages and disadvantages of infrared and electrochemical gas analyzers for carbon dioxide CO2 are described. The possibility of using conductometric sensors with distilled water for monitoring the CO2 content in the air has been investigated. Two identical measuring systems were manufactured, each containing two open-type conductometric cells, a matching device and a personal computer. With the help of these complexes, experiments were carried out on the simultaneous measurement of the CO2 content in the air in two places (a laboratory room and a building in a forest, located at a distance of 15 km from each other) with deliberately different daily dynamics of the CO2 level change. A special experiment was carried out, which made it possible to obtain an estimate of the inertia of conductometric cells and a conversion factor for the values of CO2 content into standard units of measurement. It is shown that the daily dynamics of changes in the electrical conductivity of distilled water in open cells corresponds to the expected dynamics of changes in the CO2 content in the rooms where the measurements were carried out. The operability of the measuring complex and the possibility of creating on its basis a device for long-term monitoring of the CO2 content in the air mixture of gases has been confirmed. The principal high selectivity of the measuring complex to CO2 in relation to other gases of the atmosphere has been established.

scholarly journals Using airborne HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) to evaluate model and remote sensing estimates of atmospheric carbon dioxide

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Frankenberg ◽  
S. S. Kulawik ◽  
S. Wofsy ◽  
F. Chevallier ◽  
B. Daube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Comparable Quality

Abstract. In recent years, space-borne observations of atmospheric carbon-dioxide (CO2) have become increasingly used in global carbon-cycle studies. In order to obtain added value from space-borne measurements, they have to suffice stringent accuracy and precision requirements, with the latter being less crucial as it can be reduced by just enhanced sample size. Validation of CO2 column averaged dry air mole fractions (XCO2) heavily relies on measurements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network TCCON. Owing to the sparseness of the network and the requirements imposed on space-based measurements, independent additional validation is highly valuable. Here, we use observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) flights from January 2009 through September 2011 to validate CO2 measurements from satellites (GOSAT, TES, AIRS) and atmospheric inversion models (CarbonTracker CT2013B, MACC v13r1). We find that the atmospheric models capture the XCO2 variability observed in HIPPO flights very well, with correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.93 and 0.95 for CT2013B and MACC, respectively. Some larger discrepancies can be observed in profile comparisons at higher latitudes, esp. at 300 hPa during the peaks of either carbon uptake or release. These deviations can be up to 4 ppm and hint at misrepresentation of vertical transport. Comparisons with the GOSAT satellite are of comparable quality, with an r2 of 0.85, a mean bias μ of −0.06 ppm and a standard deviation σ of 0.45 ppm. TES exhibits an r2 of 0.75, μ of 0.34 ppm and σ of 1.13 ppm. For AIRS, we find an r2 of 0.37, μ of 1.11 ppm and σ of 1.46 ppm, with latitude-dependent biases. For these comparisons at least 6, 20 and 50 atmospheric soundings have been averaged for GOSAT, TES and AIRS, respectively. Overall, we find that GOSAT soundings over the remote pacific ocean mostly meet the stringent accuracy requirements of about 0.5 ppm for space-based CO2 observations.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the dynamics of particle attached and free living bacterioplankton communities in an Arctic fjord

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 10725-10755 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sperling ◽  
J. Piontek ◽  
G. Gerdts ◽  
A. Wichels ◽  
H. Schunck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Viral Lysis ◽  
Free Living ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) results in acidification of the oceans, expected to lead to the fastest drop in ocean pH in the last 300 million years, if anthropogenic emissions are continued at present rate. Due to higher solubility of gases in cold waters and increased exposure to the atmosphere by decreasing ice cover, the Arctic Ocean will be among the areas most strongly affected by ocean acidification. Yet, the response of the plankton community of high latitudes to ocean acidification has not been studied so far. This work is part of the Arctic campaign of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) in 2010, employing 9 in situ mesocosms of about 45 000 l each to simulate ocean acidification in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78°56.2' N 11°53.6' E). In the present study, we investigated effects of elevated CO2 on the composition and richness of particle attached (PA; >3 μm) and free living (FL; <3 μm >0.2 μm) bacterial communities by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) in 6 of the mesocosms and the surrounding fjord, ranging from 185 to 1050 initial μatm pCO2. ARISA was able to resolve about 20–30 bacterial band-classes per sample and allowed for a detailed investigation of the explicit richness. Both, the PA and the FL bacterioplankton community exhibited a strong temporal development, which was driven mainly by temperature and phytoplankton development. In response to the breakdown of a picophytoplankton bloom (phase 3 of the experiment), number of ARISA-band classes in the PA-community were reduced at low and medium CO2 (∼180–600 μatm) by about 25%, while it was more or less stable at high CO2 (∼ 650–800 μatm). We hypothesise that enhanced viral lysis and enhanced availability of organic substrates at high CO2 resulted in a more diverse PA-bacterial community in the post-bloom phase. Despite lower cell numbers and extracellular enzyme activities in the post-bloom phase, bacterial protein production was enhanced in high CO2-treatments, suggesting a positive effect of community richness on this function and on carbon cycling by bacteria.

Virus incidence in wheat increases under elevated CO2: A 4-year study of yellow dwarf viruses from a free air carbon dioxide facility

2017 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Trębicki ◽  
Narelle Nancarrow ◽  
Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
Brendan Rodoni ◽  
Mohammad Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Virus Incidence

Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco J. Rohling
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
Tackle Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
First Time

In 2015, the annual mean global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) level surpassed 400 parts per million (ppm; Figure 1.1), and we know very well that this rise is caused by human activities (Figure 1.2). It was the first time in 3 million years that such a level had been reached. Crossing this level has caused widespread concern among climate scientists, and not least among those called pale climatologists, who work on natural climate variability in prehistoric times, before humans. Over the last few decades, researchers have been repeatedly raising the alarm that emissions of CO2, along with those of other greenhouse gases, are getting dangerously out of control and that urgent remedial action is needed. With the crossing of the 400 ppm threshold, this sense of urgency reached a climax: at the Conference of Parties 21 meeting in Paris—also known as COP21 or the 2015 Paris Climate Conference—broad interna¬tional political agreement was reached to limit global warming to a maximum of 2°C, and if at all possible 1.5° C, by the end of this century. If one calculates this through, this implies a commitment for society to operate on zero net carbon emissions well before 2050, along with development and large-scale application of methods for CO2 removal from the climate system. (Scientists focus on carbon (C) emissions when they discuss emissions because it helps in calculating CO2 changes produced by the processing of specific volumes/ masses of fossil fuel hydrocarbons.) Clearly, the challenge is enormous, especially given that even implementing all the pledges made since COP21 would still allow warming to reach about 3°C by 2100. But, regardless, the agreement was ground breaking. It was a marker of hope, optimism, and international motivation to tackle climate change. Moreover, there are concerns about the stated COP21 targets. First, the proposed 2°C or 1.5°C limits to avoid 2 “dangerous” climate impacts may sound good, but there is no specific scientific basis for picking these particular numbers. Second, the implied “end of this century” deadline is an arbitrary moment in time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document