scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AGAINST 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID TOXICITY IN KIDNEY OF MICE – A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ashlesh M Upadhyaya ◽  
Mandava V Rao ◽  
Devendrasinh D Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Toxicity

 Objective: The compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), is a systemic phenoxy herbicide and a plant growth regulator. Histopathological effects of 2,4-D alone and in combination with melatonin on the kidney in adult albino male mice of the Swiss strain were evaluated in the present study.Methods: Twenty adult male albino mice weighing between 30 and 40 g were assigned into four groups with five mice in each group. Group I served as control; Group II - melatonin alone (10 mg/kg body weight); Group III - 2,4-D alone (50 mg/kg body weight); and Group IV - 2,4-D + melatonin was given orally for 45 days.Results: It revealed a significant reduction in the body and kidney weights (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively) of mice treated with 2,4-D, while the body and kidney weights after treatment of melatonin and 2,4-D + melatonin were comparable to control. Histological study revealed that 2,4-D induced nephrotoxicity evidenced by various histological changes including shrinkage of the glomerulus, tubular dilation, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, and degeneration of renal tubules.Conclusion: Treating animals with the melatonin along with 2,4-D showed mitigative effects of melatonin and minimized the structural alteration in the kidney of mice appeared due to 2,4-D toxicity. 

scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AGAINST 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID TOXICITY IN KIDNEY OF MICE – A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlesh M Upadhyaya ◽  
Mandava V Rao ◽  
Devendrasinh D Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Toxicity

 Objective: The compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), is a systemic phenoxy herbicide and a plant growth regulator. Histopathological effects of 2,4-D alone and in combination with melatonin on the kidney in adult albino male mice of the Swiss strain were evaluated in the present study.Methods: Twenty adult male albino mice weighing between 30 and 40 g were assigned into four groups with five mice in each group. Group I served as control; Group II - melatonin alone (10 mg/kg body weight); Group III - 2,4-D alone (50 mg/kg body weight); and Group IV - 2,4-D + melatonin was given orally for 45 days.Results: It revealed a significant reduction in the body and kidney weights (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively) of mice treated with 2,4-D, while the body and kidney weights after treatment of melatonin and 2,4-D + melatonin were comparable to control. Histological study revealed that 2,4-D induced nephrotoxicity evidenced by various histological changes including shrinkage of the glomerulus, tubular dilation, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, and degeneration of renal tubules.Conclusion: Treating animals with the melatonin along with 2,4-D showed mitigative effects of melatonin and minimized the structural alteration in the kidney of mice appeared due to 2,4-D toxicity. 

scholarly journals PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL EFFECT OF LEAD ACETATE ON THE HISTOLOGY OF FRONTAL CORTEX AND MOTOR ACTIVITY IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
SALEH NUHU ◽  
HAUWA IDRIS AHMAD ◽  
AISHA MUHAMMAD GARBA ◽  
TASIU ABDULLAHI SULAIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the histologic and motor activity effect of lead on prenatally and postnatally exposed Wistar rats. Methods: In this study, twelve Wistar Rats were used and grouped into four groups of two females and one male. Group I rats served as the control and allowed feed and water freely. The rats in Group II were administered 500ppm of Pb through drinking water from gestation day 8 (GD8) to parturition (GD21). While Group III rats were given 500ppm of Pb in drinking water from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND21. The rats in the fourth group (Group IV) were given 500ppm of Pb from GD8 to PND21. Palmer grasp reflex was conducted to assess the motor activity of the rat pups. The animals were then humanely sacrificed and the frontal cortices were isolated for routine histological processing. Results: The histological study has shown normal neurons in the control group while degenerating cells exhibiting karyolysis, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, vacuolation were seen in the lead-treated groups. Group II and Group IV showed considerate deficit in their motor activity while Group III showed mild effect. Conclusion: From this study, lead exposure of Wistar rats at both prenatal and postnatal period of development has effect on the histology of the frontal cortex as well as on their motor activity.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility Studies of Methanol Leaf Extract of Asystasia vogeliana in Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Hillary Emeka Ugwuanyi ◽  
Patrick Emeka Aba ◽  
Samuel Chukwuneke Udem ◽  
Innocent Ifeanyi Madubuinyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: To investigate the phytoconstituents of methanol and petroleum leaf extracts of Asystasia vogeliana (MLEAV and PLEAV), the median lethal dose (LD50) and the effects of MLEAV on body weight, organosomatic indices in vital organs and erythrocyte membrane of Albino Wistar rats during sub-acute administration. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in 2017. Methodology: The crude extracts of MLEAV and PLEAV were used in determining the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The rats were assigned into four groups and dosed orally with distilled water (0.5 ml/100 g) as Group I, 62.5 mg/kg MLEAV (Group II), 125 mg/kg MLEAV (Group III) and 250 mg/kg MLEAV (Group IV) once daily for 28 days. Blood samples were collected from all the rats via the medial canthus into EDTA bottles for erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) study on day 29. Relative organ-body weight indices of vital organs (spleen, heart, liver and kidney) were also evaluated. Results: MLEAV and PLEAV showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, anthraquinones and steroids. The total phenolic contents of MLEAV (3704.30 ± 44.00) significantly increase (P = 0.000) when compared with PLEAV (1349.46 ± 35.25). The LD50 of MLEAV is above 5000 mg/kg. There were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the body weights of rats in Groups III and IV from 3rd to 4th week when compared with their baseline weights. There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the relative spleen-body weight in Group IV when compared with other groups. There was no significant change (P > 0.05) in the hemolysis of rats in Group II when compared with the control group at 0.9% NaCl concentration. Conclusions: The findings reveal that MLEAV showed better antioxidant capacity than PLEAV, and that 62.5 mg/kg of MLEAV is safe during the sub-acute administration.

scholarly journals The Influence On Bodyweight In Male Mice (Mus Musculus) Induced By Monosodium Glutamate (Msg)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Yunita Sari Pane
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

The used of monosodium glutamate (MSG) oftenly found in almost every food that we consumed everyday. It suggested that MSG can increase appetite, can caused intake much foods, and increased the bodyweight. The aim of study is to prove the changes that occur in male mice by induce of MSG. The experimental study used 24 male mice, 30-45 gram, 12-14 weeks divided into 4 groups, ie group-I (negative control/placebo given aquadest 0.2 cc/20gBW mice); group-II, MSG with the dose of 5 mg/gBW mice); group-III, MSG with the dose of 10 mg/gBW mice and group-IV, MSG with the dose of 20 mg/gBW mice. All of these treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Permanent cervical fracture execution was performed at the end of the study. The body weight measured in pre and post treatment. The significant difference of data between different groups was compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The compared of between pre –post treatment used paired test to analyze the changes of bodyweight This study proved that the comparison of mean values ± SEM of body weight between groups were not significantly different; group I (39,83±3,26), group II (39,33±2,04), group III (38,00±1,39) and group IV (38,33±1,76) (p = 0.930) and the changes of bodyweight pre and post treatmen also not significantly different, whereas p > 0.05. The study concluded that no changes in the body weight between groups and pasca induced by MSG. In the future studies, we consider to examining the effects MSG with longer of duration and more variations doses in MSG.

scholarly journals Supplementation effect of medicinal plant leaves on growth in crossbred calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Raj ◽  
Anshu Rahal ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
S. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Effect of supplementing giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) and mint (Mentha arvensis) on feed intake and body weight was studied in twenty crossbred calves. While Group I was taken as control, Group II was supplemented with Tinospora cordifolia @ 4% of concentrate, group III with Mentha arvensis @ 4% of concentrate and group IV with both Tinospora cordifolia and Mentha arvensis @ 2% of concentrate each. Significantly higher(P 0.05) dry matter intake(Kg) and dry matter intake(g)/W 0.75Kg in group III was recorded compared to control while group II did not differ from group IV. Significantly higher body weight gain was noticed in group IV compared to other groups. Giloy and/or mint can be fed to improve growth in crossbred calves.

scholarly journals Sargassum crasifolium Extract Could Prevent the Decrese in the Thyroxine Hormone and the Body Weight Loss of Javanese Randu Goats during Transportation

2020 ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Claude Mona Airin ◽  
Amelia Hana ◽  
Sarmin ◽  
Pudji Astuti ◽  
Amir Husni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Thyroxine hormone (T4) was one of the hormones related to metabolism rate. Animal transportation could be stressor interfering metabolism. Sargassum crasifoium was one of brown algae species that contained some important nutrients and also flavonoids. The study aimed at finding out the effect of the Sargassum on the decrase in thyroxine hormone and body weight loss. It used 9 Javanese Randu goats that were classified into 3 treatment groups. Group I served as control, Group II was treated with 450 mg/kg BW of Sargassum estract and Group III was treated with vitamin B1. All of the goats were transported for 12 hours using pickup truck at the speed of 60 km/hour. Blood samples were drawn before the transportation, during loading, 6 hours after the transportation and at the end of the transportation, while the body weight of the goats was weighed before and after the transportation. The results of the study showed that the T4 hormone decreased in the Group I and increased in the Group III during the transportation, while it was stable in the Group II. The biggest percentage of the body weight loss took place to the Group III (0.13%), while the smallest percentage took place to the Group II (0.063%). Statistical analysis showed that the Sargassum extract did not have any significant effect (p>0.05) on both the thyroxine hormone and the body weight loss during the transportation. Based on the results of the study it could be concluded that the Sargassum extract could stabilize the thyroxine hormone during the transportation so that it could prevent the body weight loss

scholarly journals The influence of biologically active supplement "Bioril" on performance of fattening lambs

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544
Author(s):  
Z. Ilic ◽  
J. Stojkovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
V. Caro-Petrovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Control Group

Investigations were carried out in order to determine whether the addition of bioactive substances "Bioril" on different percentages in concentrate (0.3% and 0.6%), has an impact on weight gain and feed conversion in lambs. For the experiment were used lambs of Mis sheep breed, which at the beginning of the experiment were 50 days of age. The experiment lasted 42 days, so it is over when all lambs had 92 days of age. The experiment included 60 lambs (30 male and 30 female) were divided into three groups-20 lambs per group (control group I and II and III experimental groups ).The results shows that the greatest gains made lambs of group III. The difference between body weight of group I and II was 1.62 kg and was statistically significant (P<0.01). The difference between body weight of I and III group was 1.87 kg and was also statistically significant (P<0.01). The difference between the body weight of II and III groups was 0.25 kg and was not statistically significant (P>0.05). We find that lambs of all groups consumed per kg of gain more concentrated than hay. The difference in feed conversion between groups is not significant (P>0.05), but lambs of groups III and II consumed per unit of gain approximately 5g/kg and 10g/kg less concentrate than lambs of group I. Most hay consumed by lambs of group I. The difference in hay consumption between groups I and II is 20 g/kg. Lambs in group III consumed 30 g/kg which was less hay than group I and less 10 g/kg than lambs of group II. The most energy per kg of gain was consumed by lambs of group III, whereas lambs in II group consumed the least energy.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induced hepatic and renal toxicological perturbations in rat model: Attenuation by selenium supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-163
Author(s):  
Sehrish Shafeeq ◽  
Tabassum Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a commercially used herbicide to manage broadleaf weeds that have various toxicological and ecological effects. In view of ever-escalating use of 2,4-D, risk assessment becomes mandatory to ensure the safety of both human health and the ecosystem. Oxidative injury has been expected as a possible mechanism implicated in 2,4-D toxicity. The present study was planned and conducted to explore the antioxidant potential of selenium (Se) supplementation to moderate the 2,4-D hepatic and renal toxicity in a rat model. The rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups and treated via oral gavage for a period of 4 weeks. Group I: received deionized water as a vehicle, group II: received 2,4-D (150 mg−1 kg−1 day−1), group III: received Se supplement (1 mg−1 kg−1 day−1), and group IV: received 2,4-D (150 mg−1 kg−1 day−1) and Se supplement (1 mg−1 kg−1 day−1) simultaneously. After 4 weeks of administration, 2,4-D induced toxicity was observed, as manifested by disrupted levels of plasma urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Further, 2,4-D caused a considerable increase in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase. Se supplementation exhibited its antioxidant properties by significantly improving urea, creatinine, ALP, AST, and ALT, and MDA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, the results suggest that 2,4-D induced hepatic and renal toxicities were attenuated by Se supplementation probably owing to its antioxidant properties.

Analysis of surface conditioning methods on core-veneer bond strength of CAD/CAM zirconia restorations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anip K. Roy ◽  
Govind N. Prasad ◽  
Tushar V. Bhagat ◽  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishwanath Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The increased strength of zirconia has resulted in its widespread application in clinical dentistry. Nevertheless, the fracture of veneering porcelains remains one of the key reasons of failure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of surface conditioning methods on the core-veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations. METHODS: Thirty specimens of zirconia core with sizes 10 × 5 × 5 mm were layered with porcelain of sizes 5 × 3 × 3 mm. On the basis of different surface conditioning methods, four groups were made: Group I: abrasion with airborne alumina particles of 110 μm size, Group II: sandblasting with silica coated alumina particles of 50 μm in size, Group III (modified group): alteration with a coating of zirconia powder prior to sintering, and Group IV (control group): metal core specimens. The shear force of all specimens was tested using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison (p= 0.05) were performed to analyze the shear bond strength. A scanning electron microscope was used to assess the fractured specimens. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups. The mean value of shear bond strength was 40.25 MPa for Group I, 41.93 MPa for Group II, 48.08 MPa for Group III and 47.01 MPa for Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The modified zirconia group and control group demonstrated a significantly higher mean bond strength than that of Group I, where airborne particle abrasion was used. The scanning electron microscope showed that cohesive fracture in the porcelain veneers was the main problem of failure in altered zirconia. The modified zirconia specimens in Group III demonstrated significantly improved values of shear bond strength.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

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