RISK ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS PRODUCT USE FOR THE POPULATION

Introduction. The range of household chemicals is constantly increasing, as a result of which the population is exposed to new detergents that can directly affect the health of the population, constantly in contact with chemicals in everyday life. These circumstances require sanitary and Toxicological study of household chemicals and the development of preventive measures aimed at protecting public health. Purpose of research. To assess the risk of using synthetic detergent based on anionic and nonionic surface active substance (SAS). Material and methods. To determine the average lethal dose (LD50), a sample of detergent was injected into the stomach of 6 male rats at a dose of 5000 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Irritant effect on the skin was determined with a single application of the working solution (1.25%) to 6 rats and 3 rabbits on the trimmed side section at an exposure of 4 h, followed by flushing and into the conjunctival eye bag to 6 Guinea pigs and 3 rabbits. The follow-up period was 14 days. A single skin-resorptive effect of the working solution was studied in 20 rats of two groups of 10 animals in the control group and 10 in the experimental group. Observation period - 14 days. Multiple resorptive action was studied in 20 rats in two groups (10 animals in the control group and 10 in the experimental group) to determine the peripheral blood of animals in the control and experimental groups. The sensitizing effect of the detergent sample was studied on 20 Guinea pigs in two groups (10 in the control group and 10 in the experimental group) by a combined method. Results. LD50 orally for male rats >5000 mg/kg b.w., with a single application to the skin of rats and rabbits and the mucous membrane of the eyes of guinea pigs and rabbits does not cause irritation, does not have skin-resorbtive action (rats), does not have an allergenic effect (guinea pigs). Discussion. According to the results of studies, in accordance with the classification according to the degree of exposure to harmful substances, the tested sample according to acute oral toxicity belongs to the 4th class of danger, irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eye - 0 points; clinical signs of intoxication with a single and multiple skin-resorptive action was not revealed; sensitizing effect - 0 points. Conclusions. The studied sample of a synthetic detergent according to the parameters of acute toxicity refers to low-risk compounds (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg b.w.), does not have an irritating effect on the skin and mucous membrane of the eye, sensitizing and skin-resorptive action, which allows us to conclude that there is no risk of using the studied sample, household chemicals for the population.

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Influence of doxorubicin on lipid peroxidation and heart histology in rats

Vladikavkaz Medico-Biological Bulletin ◽

10.12737/17136 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (31) ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Джиоев ◽

Inal Dzhioev ◽

Джанаев ◽

Robert Dzhanaev

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽

Anthracycline Antibiotic ◽

Cross Striation ◽

Group A ◽

Sexually Mature ◽

Experimental Group

Anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, which has proven cardiovascular toxicity, is often used in the treatment of cancer. The research project was carried out in 21 sexually mature Wistar male rats divided into three groups: control group, high-dose experimental group, in which rats were once injected intraperitoneally with doxorubicin hydrochloride at a dose of 10 mg/kg and low-dose experimental group, in which animals twice received intraperitoneal 2.5 mg/kg doses of doxorubicinhydrochloride at 10-day interval.An increase of malondialdehyde was revealed in the membranes of red blood cells in the high-dose experimental group, while in the low-dose experimental group a reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde and plasma hydroperoxides as well as a decreasing of catalase activity was observed. Intake of doxorubicin also causes venous hyperemia in wide areas of myocardiumalong with increasing of cardiomyocytic cross striation.

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Immune response of guinea-pigs to chemically abbreviated prepatent Metastrongylus apri infection

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200005842x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

V. Kumar ◽

J. Mortelmans

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Gamma Globulin ◽

Immune Status ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Control Group ◽

Infection Dose ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Worm Recovery ◽

The Status ◽

Experimental Group

The effect of chemical abbreviation of the primary infection dose (PID) of 160 infective larvae of Metastrongylus apri on the immune status of the guinea-pig host was studied. The criteria used for assessing the status of immunity consisted of clinical manifestations following administration of a challenge infection dose (CID) of 800 infective larvae of M. apri, the rate of worm recovery 15 days post-CID and the rate of mortality following administration of CID.Among the guinea-pigs of the main experimental group, where 15-day-old PID was abbreviated by two parenteral doses of levamisole*, a strong immunity to CID given 35 days post-PID was built-up. Against this, all the guinea-pigs of a control group, which did not receive PID, died between 16 and 22 days post-CID.The increase in serum gamma-globulin level of the guinea-pigs, where the PID was abbreviated chemically, suggested that the rise of this globulin fraction in the serum could be in some way related to the resistant state of guinea-pigs.

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Comparative characteristics of the manifestations of damage and reparative processes in the mucous membrane of the duodenum of rats under the conditions of skin burns and skin burns associated with diabetes

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2020-26(2)-06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

I.A. Tymoshenko ◽

L.M. Sokurenko ◽

A.Ya. Yanchyshyn ◽

V.A. Pastukhova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Experimental Diabetes ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Solution Ph

Currently, severe thermal injury is becoming one of the most important problems of practical medicine. Diabetes is also recognized as another global medical and social challenge of our century. The emergency situation for the treatment and prevention of the consequences of these pathologies is a consequence of the lack of a reliable theoretical basis for solving specific clinical problems regarding the course of burns, diabetes and their complications. The aim of the study is to establish the patterns of structural changes in the mucous membrane of the duodenum after burn injury of the skin of rats under conditions of experimental diabetes mellitus. The study was performed on 63 laboratory white adult male rats weighing 180-210 g, which were divided into 3 groups: intact animals, rats with skin burns and rats with skin burns on the background of diabetes. The model of experimental diabetes mellitus was reproduced by administering Streptozotocin to rats intraperitoneally once at a dose of 50 mg/kg, pre-dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer solution (pH=4.5). The control of the development of hyperglycemia in the experimental groups was the level of glucose in the blood 24.24±0.79 mmol/l. In the control group this index was 8.03±0.4 mmol/l. Rats with skin burns revealed destructive manifestations, which are accompanied by an active inflammatory reaction and corresponding necrotic changes, while rats with skin burns on the background of diabetes mellitus pathological processes are not just “summed up”, but in some way adaptively modified with the involvement of stress mechanisms of the endoplasmic reticulum and associated autophagy.

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Changes in the sizes of the kidney after contralateral nephrectomy in the experiment

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2018-24(3)-08 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

V.M. Monastyrskyi

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Period ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

White Male ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Length Width ◽

Sexually Mature ◽

Experimental Group

The evaluation of renal measurements such as length, width and thickness, volume is important in the diagnosis and treatment of many renal disorders, since there is a close relationship between the sizes of the kidneys and its function. The purpose of the study was to establish and compare during the postoperative period changes in the mass and sizes of the kidney left after nephrectomy in the sexually mature male rats. An experimental study was carried out on 84 sexually mature white male rats weighing 178-194 grams. Animals were divided into two groups: control (42 rats) and experimental (42 rats). In the control group, the animals under ketamine anesthesia were followed by an abdominal cavity dilution, after which the abdominal wall was applied in a row. All animals of the experimental group performed surgical intervention – nephrectomy of the left kidney. The animals were withdrawn from the trial by intra-pleural administration of thiopental-sodium 50 mg/kg after 7, 14, 21, 30, 90 days after nephrectomy. Macroscopic evaluation and description of the kidneys of animals was performed after their removal. Their weight was determined on the laboratory scale of HLR-200 up to 0.1 mg, and the length, width and thickness of the organ were measured with the help of a caliper to an accuracy of 0.05 mm. Calculated the volume of the kidney. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the program STATISTICA 5.5 using parametric methods for evaluating the results. It was established that the mass, length, width, thickness and volume of the kidney of animals in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, were statistically significantly higher in all terms of observation. The fraction of the growth of the width and thickness of the single kidney of animals in the experimental group compared with the control animals in the animals was statistically significantly greater than the proportion of kidney growth during the postoperative period. It was found that the largest increase in the mass and thickness of the kidney, as compared with the control group, was observed after 30 days of the postoperative period, and the greatest increase in the length and width of the kidney, as compared with the control group, was observed after 14 days of the postoperative period.

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Dynamics of the functional activity changes in rats testicles under conditions of dosage spermatic cord stenosis

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(3)-23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 479-485

Author(s):

M.Ya. Stravska ◽

A.V. Hantimurov ◽

T.Ya. Stravskyy ◽

A.S. Sverstiuk ◽

O.Ya. Halytska-Kharkhalis

Keyword(s):

Male Infertility ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Male Rats ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

The Third ◽

Reperfusion Period ◽

Experimental Group

Infertility in marriage is an important medical, biological, social and demographic problem. Inguinal hernioplasty is objectively considered as a factor of male infertility in 9.8% of cases. Under these pathological conditions, the structural elements of the spermatic cord are compressed those appears the circulatory disturbances in testicle. Disorders of reproductive function often occur precisely because of hemodynamic disorders, which are considered one of the leading pathogenetic factors in the development of male infertility. Purpose — to establish peculiarities of testicles vessels and tissues remodeling under dosed spermatic cord stenosis conditions and during the reperfusion period. The experiments have been carried out on 78 non-linear white male rats, weighting 180–200 grams which were fed due to a standard diet of vivarium. All the animals were divided into four groups: one control group and three experimental ones. The control group included six intact animals. All the other comprised the experimental group which was divided into three series six animals per each depending on the terms of observation. The animals with the model of dosed stenosis of funiculus comprised first experimental group; the animals with the model of dosed stenosis and one-moment decompression, starting from the third day of the experiment comprised the second group; to the third group we referred the animals with the model of dosed stenosis of the funiculus which have undergone decompression with the correction of reperfusion changes due to the method proposed by us, starting from the third day. During the experiment it was established that after one-time decompression of the spermatic cord that was under the experimental stenosis conditions, apereas destructive changes in testicles parenchyma and decreases the functional activity of the organ. Despite that the compression factor has been removed and the blood flow in arteries and veins has been fully restored, there was no improvement in the hemodynamics of the testicle. The use of the dosage decompression method of the spermatic cord helps to improve the hemodynamic conditions of the organ during the reperfusion period. In this case, the detected changes of the testicle’s parenchyma and its intra-organ vessels were less pronounced than during stenosis of the spermatic cord and its one-time decompression. The functional activity of the testicles with use of the reperfusion changes correction, was slightly violated, the spermatogenesis index has been increased and the mature forms of spermatozoa were present in the seminiferous tubules. Thus, the usage of the proposed method of the spermatic cord decompression allows us to obtain positive dynamics in testicles blood vessels remodeling in reperfusion period.

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CHANGES OF STRESS HORMONES LEVELS AND SERUM LIPID SPECTRUM INDICATORS OF RATS IN ACUTE CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

Health and Ecology Issues ◽

10.51523/2708-6011.2015-12-3-23 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 102-107

Author(s):

T. N. Chubukova ◽

T. S. Ugolnick

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Stress Hormones ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Density ◽

Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Lipid Spectrum ◽

Wistar Male Rats

Objective: to study the changes of stress hormones levels and serum lipid spectrum indicators of Wistar male rats in acute cerebral ischemia (ACI). Material and methods . The study was performed on 40 mature Wistar male rats weighing 220-300 g. ACI simulation was performed by means of 3-hour chronic occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (n = 23). The control group consisted of intact animals (n = 17). The levels of total cholesterol (TC, mmol/l), triglyceride (TG, mmol/l), high density lipoproteins (HDL, mmol/l), low density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/l), lipoproteins of very low density (VLDL mmol/l), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH nmol/l), and cortisol (nmol/l) were assessed in the serum of the rats. Atherogenic index (AI) was calculated according to the formula: AI = (TC-HDL) / HDL. Results. TC concentration in the serum of the rats of the experimental group was 1.1 times as high (p = 0.03), the concentration of TG - 1.2 times as high (p = 0.012), the concentration of VLDL - 2 times as high (p = 0.01), cortisol concentration - 1.4 times as high (p = 0.02) compared with the control group. The rats of the experimental group revealed a moderate inverse correlation between the levels of cortisol and index AI (p = 0.025). The group of ACI rats observed a tendency of direct relation of ACTH with TG and LDL serum, p > 0.05. The correlation of ACTH and serum triglycerides in the rats of the control group was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Conclusion: ACI during the period «therapeutic window» in rats is accompanied by a complex set of compensatory and adaptive reactions which may be characteristic of a generalized stress response.

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The Effect of Kuchala (Arum Korolkowii Regel, 1873) Tuber Tincture to Increase of the Serum Testosterone in the Adult Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus Linnaeus, 1758)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-125964/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

NURBEK SAIDILLAEVICH ALDAYROV ◽

JARKINAY JUMABEKOVA ◽

GULBUBU KURMANBEKOVA ◽

NURJAMAL OMURZAKOVA ◽

BERMET KIDIRALIEVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Control Group ◽

Kyrgyz Republic ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundKuchala (Arum korolkowii Regel) is one of the medicinal plants often used in folk medicine in the Kyrgyz Republic. As a medicinal raw material, tubers tincture used in small doses to increase human sexual potency. However, there is no scientific evidence proving the medicinal effects of kuchala. For these reasons, we decided to study the effect of kuchala tuber tincture on the sexual potency of adult male guinea pigs.MethodsWe analyzed the effect of kuchala at age ±48-month-old, in 12 male guinea pigs. Prepared 10% tuber tincture of kuchala in 70% ethanol was administered perorally a once-daily dose of 150 µl for 30 days for the male guinea pigs. These study data were obtained by the ethological, hematological and serum biochemistry, gross anatomical, histological and statistical methods.ResultsThe hematological and serum biochemistry parameters were significantly different between control and experimental group. Neutrophils’ percentage in experimental group was significantly lower (dР < 0.001) than in control group. Lymphocyte counts on the contrary were significantly higher in experimental group (dР < 0.001). RBC counts, Hgb, Hct, MCH and MCHC were significantly higher in the experimental group (dР < 0.001; dР < 0.001; cР < 0.01; dР < 0.001; dР < 0.001 respectively) than control group. The color indicator and mean platelet volume contrary was higher (bР < 0.05) and significantly higher (dР < 0.001) in control animals than in the experimental. ALT and AST levels were lower in experimental than control group (both dР < 0,001). The testosterone concentration in serum was much higher (dР < 0,001) in the experimental group. Microscopically was found minor structural damage in the liver tissue that indicates a metabolic disorder. However, the testes showed an improvement in spermatogenesis in the experimental if compared with the control group.ConclusionThe 10% kuchala tuber tincture in 70% ethanol has a positive effect to improve the sexual potency of old guinea pigs by increasing the production of testosterone and increasing spermatogenesis.

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Morphometric features of rat pinealocytes in conditions of chronic ethanol intoxication

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2021-27(1)-03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

V.V. Pshychenko ◽

V.S. Cherno

Keyword(s):

Pineal Gland ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Chronic Ethanol ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Chronic Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Experimental Group

Ethanol has chronobiological effects, which are associated with inhibition of melatonin synthesis and secretion and disruption of the sleep-wake cycle. Ethanol is known to cause sleep fragmentation due to frequent awakenings, prolong wakefulness, and reduce the duration of the slow sleep phase. At the same time, changes in the morphology of the pineal gland under chronic exposure to ethanol remain poorly studied. Of particular interest are changes in the basic morphometric parameters of pinealocytes, because they are a marker of the functional state of the pineal gland. The aim of the study was to morphometrically study the features of morphological changes in rat pinealocytes in the physiological norm and in chronic ethanol intoxication. To achieve this goal, we used 20 laboratory male rats: a control group and an experimental group. The control group was under standard vivarium conditions. For the experimental group, alcohol intoxication was modeled by injecting a 40% ethanol solution at the rate of 12 mg/kg of body weight intragastric 4 times a day. The morphometric parameters of pinealocytes were studied on day 30 from the start of the study. According to the results of morphometric measurements, a significant increase in the parameters of light pinealocytes and a decrease in the parameters of dark cells were established. It was determined that the average values of the cytoplasm area of light pinealocytes increase by 54.55% (p<0.05), the area of the nucleus increases by 61.32% (p<0.05), and the area of the nucleolus by 32.84% (p<0.05) compared with the control group. The area of the cytoplasm of dark pinealocytes decreases by 27.2% (p<0.05), and the area of the nucleus by 37.33% (p<0.05). Changes in the ratio of light and dark pinealocytes were also noted. An increase in the number of active light cells by 8.17% was found. The detected morphometric changes indicate high functional activity of cells, which has a compensatory nature in response to apoptosis of pinealocytes.

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The influence of the preparation “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of blood of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure

Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.32718/ujvas3-1.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

I. S. Varkholiak ◽

B. V. Gutyj

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Young Male ◽

Experimental Modeling ◽

Male Rats ◽

Simultaneous Increase ◽

Control Group ◽

State Research Institute ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of rat blood in experimental modeling of heart failure. The investigation were performed on white sexually mature young male-rats of Wistar line weighing 180–200 g, kept at the standard ration of the institute vivarium of the State Research Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Fodder Additives. To create a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, 24 male rats were selected. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals in each: control group – intact animals; experimental group E1, in which animals were modeled doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal injected of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group E2, in which animals, after injection of doxorubicin, the preparation “Bendamin” was injected in the dose 20 mg/kg intragastrically. For experimental modeling of heart a decrease in the number of red blood cells was found in the blood of rats of the first experimental group by 34.7 % and hemoglobin level – by 24.2 %, with a simultaneous increase in the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte by 16.2 %. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats of the first experimental group was accompanied by a decrease in leukocyte count by 22.2 %, an increase in uric acid level by almost in 2 times, creatinine by 11.4 %, cholesterol by 61.1 %. In the research of the protein synthesizing function of the liver of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure, a decrease in total protein by 9.6 % was found. These changes were accompanied by a slight decrease in albumin levels and a slight increase in globulin levels. By intoxication with doxorubicin, rats of the first experimental group showed a violation of the functional state of the liver, indicating an increase in the activity of aminotransferases in their blood, namely: AlAT by 34.2 %, AsAT – by 21.7 %, accordingly. Positive action of cardio preparation “Bendamin” on rats organism under conditions of creation of a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was installed, manifested by the normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters, functional status and protein synthesis of the liver.

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Effects of Gradually Increasing Force Generated by Permanent Rare Earth Magnets for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/071805-237 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1004-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ryo Tomizuka ◽

Hiroyasu Kanetaka ◽

Yoshinaka Shimizu ◽

Akihiro Suzuki ◽

Kaoru Igarashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of gradually increasing force generated by permanent rare earth magnets for orthodontic tooth movement by using a novel experimental rat model and computer simulation. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five male rats (age 18 weeks) were used as animal experiments. Magnetic (experimental groups) or titanium (control group) cuboids (1.5 × 1.5 × 0.7 mm) were bonded to the lingual surface of the maxillary first molars. The initial distance between materials was 1.0 mm, generating 4.96 gf (experimental group I), or 1.5 mm, generating 2.26 gf (experimental group II). Tooth movement was measured and periodontal structures were observed with microfocus x-ray computed tomography radiographs. Results: The distance between the magnets decreased with time in experimental groups I and II (P < .001), whereas there was no tooth displacement in the control group. Experimental group I showed rapid tooth movement in the initial phase followed by slower tooth movement. Experimental group II showed gradual tooth movement. Horizontal sections on microfocus computed tomgraphy radiographs revealed no pathological changes, such as root resorption, on the compressed side in the experimental groups. Conclusions: The initial light force and gradual increasing force in magnetic attractive force induced effective tooth movement in rats without inducing any pathological changes.

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