scholarly journals Factors affecting the success of the election economy in developed and developing countries (Some examples about Turkey)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Hepaksaz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ruling Party

Despite the risk of deterioration of the balance of budget and economy during election periods, the parties can go to election economy applications in order to remain in power depending on competition between themselves. Especially the incumbent uses fiscal policies for reelection purposes. Here the incumbent intends to secure reelection by maximizing his expected vote share at the next election and follow expansionary policies just before the elections and reverse the trend after the elections in order to smooth the negative effects of pre-election budget deficit. All these applications may cause deterioration of budget balances, budget deficit and economic instability leading to an increase in debt with a significant increase of public spending relative to tax revenues. But in terms of election economy not only the public policies but also the other factors (level of development, institutional quality and media access, level of democracy, political and economic crisis, constitutional rules, transparency etc.) play a key role which focus on the idea of heterogeneity across countries. In this study, factors affecting the success of the election economy in developed and developing countries are evaluated and some examples are given about Turkey’s 30-year period of elections from 1983 to 2015.Keywords: election economy, ruling party, budget deficit, turkey

Economic Growth and Changes in Public Expenditures of the States in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
pp. 205-228
Author(s):  
Ferimah Yusufi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public

Fiscal policies are changing due to the conditions required by the COVID-19 pandemic towards the new world order. Under these circumstances, developed countries use their resources for their citizens, and international financial institutions step in for underdeveloped and developing countries with insufficient public resources of their own or are in debt and offer new credit opportunities to these countries. This study aims to analyze how public expenditures, one of the important policies in economic growth and development, will change during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of the findings obtained from the literature review, the economic effects of the pandemic are explained by making a descriptive analysis of secondary data at the levels of country groups classified according to development and income level. Secondly, factors affecting the changes in the public expenditure of countries due to the pandemic were examined, and evaluations are made on the public expenditures in fiscal policies that will ensure the economic recovery and growth of countries after the pandemic.

scholarly journals A New Motivation for Sustainable Trade Between Countries with Different Regulatory Qualities

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Wenshou Yan ◽  
Xi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Government Quality ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Sustainable Trade

In the context of rising anti-globalization sentiments, countries tend to trade with superior government institutions for a longer period and with a higher volume of exports. This phenomenon hinders sustainable trade between countries with different regulatory qualities, resulting in negative effects for developing countries that have poor institutional quality. Using a large panel dataset covering 192 countries during the period 1996–2017, this paper investigates the effect of relatively better government quality on exports. This quality is measured by said government’s regulatory quality relative to its trade partner. The empirical results indicate that a country with relatively better institutional quality receives at least 4% higher exports (dubbed as a premium gain), keeping other factors constant. The empirical result remains the same when solving the endogeneity issue and when applying alternative estimation methods. This paper thus proposes a new channel for sustainable trade for countries characterized by different institutional qualities.

scholarly journals Spending on K-12 Public Education: The Lebanese Case

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Tarek Shal
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Desk Review

The purpose of this paper was to examine the public spending on education in Lebanon, in order to make recommendations for executives to strategize this sector. This is a desk review paper that uses secondary resources, using rigorous criteria for document selection. The paper overviews the importance of spending on education and its relationship with the overall quality of education. It highlights the different factors affecting public spending peculiar to the Lebanese context, the various challenges confronting the Lebanese K-12 public education sector, and the spending of Lebanon on it. It provides recommendations for stakeholders and policy-makers on areas that require more attention in terms of spending.

An Assessment of the Public Financial Indicators with Budget Data in Turkey: Review post- 2000

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkıs BEKTAŞ ◽  
Özhan ÇETİNKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Maastricht Criteria

There have been changes in public financial indicators in Turkey after the year of 2000. In this paper, these changes were evaluated together with the budget data. In this context, this paper aims to reveal positive or negative effects of budget data on public financial indicators. The 2008 global financial crisis formed the external direction of the negativity in public financial indicators. In particular, before and after 2008, negative developments have been experienced in public financial indicators except for some years. The 2008 global financial economic crisis had also negative impacts on public financial indicators. Moreover, both general and local elections are a negative factor in public spending discipline in Turkey. Since the local elections, the ruling government has chosen extender budget policies as fiscal policies to win the elections. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that Turkey moved away from the Maastricht criteria after 2008, which stemmed from negative developments in budget data.

scholarly journals Public Spending and Macroeconomic Performance in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Gulshan Ameer ◽  
Syed Ali Akbar Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

Public spending management is the base of stable macroeconomic environment .This empirical study has explored the relation between public spending and economic performance, in the context of Pakistan. An attempt is made to examine the growth effects of public spending for the economy of Pakistan. To observe the public spending and Pakistan’s macroeconomic performance, time series data has been used for the period of 1972-2012. GDP growth has taken as the dependent variable. By applying the Auto regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technology macroeconomics performance of Pakistan has been analyzed. Our results indicate that government expenditure has positive and significant effects but excessive government expenditure have negative effects on the economy’s performance. This study may suggest that provision of more incentives to the main sectors of the economy will lead to the sound economic conditions.

INSTITUTIONS’ IMPACT ON THE CORRUPTION–GROWTH NEXUS: NONLINEARITIES AND TRANSMISSION CHANNELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Réda Marakbi ◽  
Camélia Turcu ◽  
Patrick Villieu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model

AbstractWe analyze the channels through which institutional quality can impact the corruption–growth nexus. To do this, we develop an endogenous growth model and test its implications empirically, through panel data models using GMM and PSTR settings. Our sample consists of 136 developed and developing countries analyzed over the period 1984–2015. We show, both theoretically and empirically, that (i) the corruption–growth relation can be subject to nonlinearities highly influenced by countries’ institutional development; and (ii) private investment and public spending are two main channels through which institutional quality affects, positively or negatively, the relation between corruption and economic growth.

scholarly journals The Influencing Factors of The Social Environment of Public Psychological Crisis In COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaner Tang ◽  
Weiken Kong ◽  
Zhijian Pang ◽  
Shuwen Guan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Informal Social Support ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic spreads around the world early in 2020. As a public emergency, the COVID-19 epidemic has caused a public psychological crisis such as panic, anxiety and worry. Government trust and social support are considered social environmental factors affecting the public psychological crisis, but there is a lack of strong empirical evidence. Thus, it has important theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of government trust and social support on the public psychological crisis. Through regression analysis of the questionnaire during the pandemic, we found that government trust helps reduce public psychological crises, but informal social support increases public psychological crises. Therefore, strengthening government trust and preventing the negative effects of informal social support are effective ways to alleviate public psychological crises.

Studying the Birth Outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Areej Noaman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Healthy Mother

  Background : A successful birth outcome is defined as the birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother. While relatively low in industrialized world, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and neonatal deaths occur disproportionately in developing countries. Aim of the Study: To assess birth outcome and identify some risk factors affecting it for achieving favorable birth outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

Factors Affecting the Public Opinion of Advertisements with respect to Apparels

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
S. Ubeja ◽  
S. Acharya ◽  
P. Jain ◽  
A. Loya ◽  
R. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public
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