scholarly journals Multilingual Education in the World and the Experience of Introduction in Kazakhstan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sholpan Zharkynbekova ◽  
Kuandyk Kulmanov ◽  
Madina Tussupbekova ◽  
Aliya Abaidilda
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
International Integration ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Multilingual Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Positive Results

The need for reflection and in-depth study of issues related to the multilingual policy, where the knowledge of the native language simultaneously stimulates knowledge and learning of other languages is obvious in the context of the dynamic changes taking place in Kazakhstan. Existing world models of multilingual education represent a wide range of forms, productive use of which depends on many factors (language situation, economic and social conditions, historical and cultural aspects and so on). There is no doubt that multilingual education programs conditioned by the logic of development of Kazakhstan and the process of international integration are in demand in the Kazakhstan's educational system. This is due to high academic motivation of students and practitioners conditioned by the desire to improve professional competence and competitiveness in the conditions of Kazakhstan's international integration. However, it should be noted that despite the measures taken for the implementation of multilingual education and the first positive results of the pilot models many issues related to the widespread introduction of multilingual education system in the country have not yet been resolved. The analysis of the languages functioning in Kazakhstan revealed the prerequisites for the formation of multilingual person. We defined language preferences of citizens, their value priorities, related to ongoing multilingual policy, the influence of non-native (studied) languages to their native languages by using sociolinguistic methods. All these measures have allowed seeing the prospects of strengthening and development of the state, Russian and English languages, effectiveness of the language policy and possible steps to resolve these problems.     Keywords: Language policy; identity; Language situation; Language modernisation; Multilingual education; Multilingualism, Trinity of languages

Sociolinguistics. Reading-Book

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
E. Chubina
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Marking ◽  
Reading Book

The textbook "Sociolinguistics. Reading-book", intended for students studying in the direction of "Forensic expertise", is being prepared for publication. The book includes fragments from the works of famous domestic and foreign linguists devoted to the main sociolinguistics problems (subject area, conceptual apparatus, social and communicative system, social marking of language units, research methods, language policy, etc.). Each text is accompanied by control questions and tasks. The textbook provides students with additional material for individual work. The book can be useful to teachers in preparation for lectures and seminars, and is also of interest to a wide range of readers.

Carpatho-Ukraine’s defeat as a precursor of WWII

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
A.I. Kudriachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
International Context ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
The Third Reich

The paper analyzes the course of events and the international context of Сarpatho- Ukrainian state’s rise and defeat in terms of role and impact of the leading European actors at the end of the 1930’s. Based on an in-depth study of the wide range of literature, documents and relevant archives, the author highlights the role of Carpatho-Ukraine, which for a short period happened to be at the epicenter of the geopolitical interests of the states whose actions or inaction fueled the warmongers. The revival and strengthening of a number of European countries at that historical period deteriorized international relations. The erosion of the Versailles-Washington bases intensified the contradictions in the foreign policy between the victorious and vanquished states. The defeated countries reinforced their positions, since the victors, who were expanding their military might at the expense of Czechoslovak Republic, including Transcarpathia, were becoming more submissive in accommodating territorial claims. This situation largely updated the approaches to the Ukrainian question. The variability of the ways to solve it largely depended on the situational decisions of the Third Reich political leadership.

scholarly journals Obtaining Various Shapes of Machined Surface Using a Tool with a Multi-Insert Cutting Edge

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Mikolajczyk ◽  
Danil Pimenov ◽  
Catalin Pruncu ◽  
Karali Patra ◽  
Hubert Latos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Tool Set ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Milling Tools ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Positive Results

A novel design of a universal form tool is presented for machining complex planar and axisymmetric surfaces. The geometric and kinematic flexibility (GKF) of this tool type means that it can machine a wide range of profiles using a single setup. The operating principle of this multi-insert tool is its combination of single cutting edges, each of which form the individual details of the machined surface. The structure and application of both turning and milling multi-insert tools with combinations of single edges are described in the paper. Complex shapes and forms can be machined by changing the cutting-edge positions. The number of combinations of a given tool set can be determined by using the relations detailed in this study. Both turning and milling tools are utilized in a unique tool holder that clamps the inserts into position and allows their adjustment that is facilitated by special prepared analytical software to the desired object profiles. It is possible to use these tools in machining both wood and aluminum alloys. Finally, the design of the multi-insert tools for turning and milling and its functional features were experimentally verified with positive results.

scholarly journals Hydroxyl-radical scavenging activity of hydrogen does not significantly contribute to its biological function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinjian Li ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Yang Yi ◽  
Pengxiang Zhao ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Study

AbstractSince Ohsawa et al. reported a biological antioxidant function of hydrogen in 2007, researchers have now shown it to exert protective effects in a wide range of human and animal disease models. Clinical observations and scientific arguments suggest that a selective scavenging property of H2 cannot adequately explain the beneficial effects of hydrogen. However, there is no experiment challenging the original published data, which suggested that molecular hydrogen dissolved in solution reacts with hydroxyl radicals in cell-free systems. Here we report that a hydrogen-saturated solution (0.6 mM) did not significantly reduce hydroxyl radicals in the Fenton system using 1 mM H2O2. We replicated the same condition as Ohsawa’s study (i.e. 5 μM H2O2), and observed a decrease in •OH radicals in both the H2-rich and N2-rich solutions, which may be caused by a decreased dissolved oxygen concentration. Finally, we determined the effect of hydrogen on a high-valence iron enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and found that hydrogen could directly increase HRP activity in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these results indicate that although H2 and •OH can react, the reaction rate is too low to have physiological function. The target of hydrogen is more complex, and its interaction with enzymes or other macro-molecules deserve more attention and in-depth study.

scholarly journals Putting them on a strong spiritual path: Indigenous doulas responding to the needs of Indigenous mothers and communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Cidro ◽  
Caroline Doenmez ◽  
Stephanie Sinclair ◽  
Alexandra Nychuk ◽  
Larissa Wodtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective In the past few years, increasing numbers of Indigenous doula collectives have been forming across Canada. Indigenous doulas provide continuous, culturally appropriate support to Indigenous women during pregnancy, birth, and the post-partum period. This support is critical to counter systemic medical racism and socioeconomic barriers that Indigenous families disproportionately face. This paper analyzes interviews with members of five Indigenous doula collectives to demonstrate their shared challenges, strategies, and missions. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with members of five Indigenous doula collectives across Canada in 2020. Interviews were transcribed and returned to participants for their approval. Approved transcripts were then coded by all members of the research team to ascertain the dominant themes emerging across the interviews. Results Two prominent themes emerged in the interviews. The first theme is “Indigenous doulas responding to community needs.” Participants indicated that responding to community needs involves harm reduction and trauma-informed care, supporting cultural aspects of birthing and family, and helping clients navigate socioeconomic barriers. The second theme is “Indigenous doulas building connections with mothers.” Participants’ comments on providing care to mothers emphasize the importance of advocacy in healthcare systems, boosting their clients’ confidence and skills, and being the “right” doula for their clients. These two inter-related themes stem from Indigenous doulas’ efforts to counter dynamics in healthcare and social services that can be harmful to Indigenous families, while also integrating cultural teachings and practices. Conclusion This paper illustrates that Indigenous doula care responds to a wide range of issues that affect Indigenous women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth, and the post-partum period. Through building strong, trusting, and non-judgemental connections with mothers and responding to community needs, Indigenous doulas play a critical role in countering medical racism in hospital settings and advancing the resurgence of Indigenous birthing sovereignty.

scholarly journals The East and the West

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-134
Author(s):  
Hye K. Pae
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
The West ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Analytic Problem

Abstract This chapter reviews the cultural aspects of the East and the West. A wide range of differences between the East and the West is discussed in terms of the extrinsic and intrinsic differences. The extrinsic differences comprise architecture, the mode of clothing, everyday practices, and language and script, while the intrinsic differences consist of culture and value systems, attention and perception (holistic vs. analytic), problem solving (relation vs. categorization), and rhetorical structure (linear vs. roundabout). The locus of these differences is identified with respect to philosophical foundations and the characteristics of Eastern and Western cultures. The prevalent interpretations of the differences between the East and the West center on Diamond’s (1999) guns, germs, and steel, Nisbett’s (2003) geography of thought, and Logan’s (2004) alphabet effects. However, these interpretations cannot explain differences in ideologies, religious practices, and societal values among Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans. Therefore, script relativity becomes a new interpretation of the engine behind the differences among the three East-Asian nations and between the East and the West.

Intellectual capital and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénia Pedro ◽  
João Leitão ◽  
Helena Alves
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
Customer Capital ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the predominant classification of intellectual capital (IC), in terms of components, using the literature of reference on the relationship between IC and performance and considering multi-dimensional analysis axes (MAAs): organisational, regional and national. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) is presented focussing on empirical studies on IC published in the period 1960-2016. A protocol for action is defined and a research question is raised, gathering data from the databases of: Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. A social network analysis is also provided to determine the type of networks embracing groups, IC individual components and performance type. Findings Of the 777 papers included in the SLR, 189 deal with the relationship between IC and performance. The paper highlights the greater development of empirical studies starting from 2004; the organisational MAA is the most studied. The most frequently used groups of components in studies dealing with IC’s influence on performance corresponds to a triad of human capital; structural (organisational or process) capital; and relational (social or customer) capital, which determine positively the performance of organisations/regions/countries, but their influence is not linear and depends on various factors associated with the context and surrounding environment. Practical implications This study has wide-ranging implications for politicians/governments, managers and academics, providing empirical evidence about the relationships between the components of IC and performance, by MAAs, and a global vision and better understanding of how those IC components have developed and how they are related to performance. Originality/value Due to the high number of references covering a wide range of disciplines and the various dimensions (e.g. organisational, regional and national) that form IC, it becomes fundamental to carry out an SRL and systematise its MAAs to deepen knowledge about what has been discovered/developed in this domain, in terms of empirical studies, in order to situate the topic in a wider theoretical-practical context. The paper is exceptionally wide-ranging, covering the period 1960-2016. It is one of the first clarifying studies on systemisation of the literature on IC, by MAA, and an in-depth study of IC’s impact on the performance of organisations/regions and countries which may serve as a guideline for future studies using the taxonomy proposed.

scholarly journals Eco-Epidemiological Evidence of the Transmission of Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses in Wild Pigs in Campeche, Mexico

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Brenda Aline Maya-Badillo ◽  
Rafael Ojeda-Flores ◽  
Andrea Chaves ◽  
Saul Reveles-Félix ◽  
Guillermo Orta-Pineda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fragmented Habitats ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Influenza Transmission ◽  
Human Viruses ◽  
Positive Results

Influenza, a zoonosis caused by various influenza A virus subtypes, affects a wide range of species, including humans. Pig cells express both sialyl-α-2,3-Gal and sialyl-α-2,6-Gal receptors, which make them susceptible to infection by avian and human viruses, respectively. To date, it is not known whether wild pigs in Mexico are affected by influenza virus subtypes, nor whether this would make them a potential risk of influenza transmission to humans. In this work, 61 hogs from two municipalities in Campeche, Mexico, were sampled. Hemagglutination inhibition assays were performed in 61 serum samples, and positive results were found for human H1N1 (11.47%), swine H1N1 (8.19%), and avian H5N2 (1.63%) virus variants. qRT-PCR assays were performed on the nasal swab, tracheal, and lung samples, and 19.67% of all hogs were positive to these assays. An avian H5N2 virus, first reported in 1994, was identified by sequencing. Our results demonstrate that wild pigs are participating in the exposure, transmission, maintenance, and possible diversification of influenza viruses in fragmented habitats, highlighting the synanthropic behavior of this species, which has been poorly studied in Mexico.

Majority language instruction as a basis for plurilingual education – Mehrheitssprachenunterricht als Basis plurilingualer Erziehung (MARILLE)

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-406
Author(s):  
Klaus-Börge Boeckmann
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Project Title

This project is unusual as an ECML project in that it explicitly does not deal with foreign or second languages. Our working term ‘majority language’, used in the project title, denotes a language variously referred to as a ‘national’ or ‘official’ language, a ‘language of instruction’ or a ‘language of education’ in Beacco & Byram's 2007 report (http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/guide_niveau3_EN.asp), but that has recently been termed a ‘language(s) of schooling’ in the 2009 project of that name by the Council of Europe's Language Policy Division (www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/Schoollang_EN.asp). Such a language is usually the native language of a majority of pupils in a country, but not necessarily in an individual class or school, where many other native languages might be represented.

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