Individualism and Equality: Critical Values in North American Culture and the Impact on Disability

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Fowler ◽  
John S. Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
The Impact

Culturally shaped attitudes towards persons with disabilities pose significant barriers to full participation in employment. Even with the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, implementation of the law will occur within the culturally defined stereotypes and assumptions which exist within society. A significant task for rehabilitation professionals will be the inclusion of positive perceptions of persons with disabilities into the conceptual ideology of individualism and equality.. This paper reviews the cultural difficulties of implementing civil rights legislation and addresses the role of rehabilitation professionals in promoting attitudinal changes in society.

Support for the Americans With Disabilities Act Among Nondisabled People

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110231
Author(s):  
Carli Friedman ◽  
Laura VanPuymbrouck
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
A Priori ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) opened the doors to access and enhanced the civil rights of people with disabilities. However, a lack of accessibility to all segments of society continues throughout the United States and is frequently described by people with disabilities as a leading cause for limited participation. Beliefs and attitudes regarding disability can affect critical decisions regarding inclusion and people with disabilities’ civil rights. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore support and opposition to the ADA among nondisabled people. We had the following research questions: (a) What is the relationship between disability prejudice and support for the ADA? and (b) When controlling for disability prejudice, what other factors lead people to support the ADA? To do so, we examined secondary data from approximately 13,000 participants from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Findings from this study revealed that people who oppose the ADA are significantly more prejudiced toward people with disabilities than people who support the ADA. Understanding and becoming aware of attitudes and prejudice toward persons with disabilities can be a first step toward dispelling such beliefs and possibly a priori step to achieving the intent and spirit of the ADA.

scholarly journals Language of disability as a factor of discrimination of persons with disabilities

Temida ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Filip Miric
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Language Disability ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The incorrect labeling of people with disabilities as people with special needs constitutes not only a violation of equality but also a special criminological and criminal justice phenomenon. There are no special needs, but just different ways of satisfying them. The subject of this paper is an analyses of the impact of labeling people with disabilities and language disability on a discriminatory process and considers whether the victimization of persons with disabilities engenders inequality. The labeling of people with disabilities throughout history will also be considered. A questionnaire was distributed via Facebook in order to explore the opinions of users of social networks on language disability and its impact on discrimination. The aim of the paper is to highlight the effect labeling has on the overall social situation of people with disabilities. It is argued that the accurate usage of appropriate linguistic terminology would help prevent the victimization of persons with disabilities and accentuate the realization of their full participation in contemporary society.

Societal Attitudes and the Civil Rights of Persons With Disabilities

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. Moore ◽  
Sonja Feist-Price
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Policy Arena ◽  
Made In

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are evidence of the progress, in relation to civil rights, made in the disability public policy arena. Similarly, much progress has been made in changing negative attitudes that sometimes prevail in the organizational workforce. Although much progress has been made for persons with disabilities, there remains much work to be accomplished. An abundance of concerns have recently surfaced regarding whether the previously noted legislation effectively address the rights of persons with disabilities in the organizational workforce. In light of recent concerns, the authors advocate the minority group model as a catalyst for creating public policy that will effectively address the rights of persons with disabilities. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to support the hypothesis that the organizational workforce's perception of persons with disabilities as a minority group will change societal attitudes resulting in a more progressive public policy.

The Impact of Technology on Assessing Social Skills

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Storey
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

The social skill of persons with disabilities has been found to influence employment, schooling, friendships, community involvement, and overall quality of life. However, the ability of researchers and practitioners to assess social skills has been limited by reliance upon paper and pencil recording procedures. The development of computer technology offers refinement and expansion of the ability to adequately assess social skills. In this paper, the impact of technology on assessing social skills in persons with disabilities is addressed in terms of describing the technology, implications of the technology, and the role of micro versus macro analysis.

scholarly journals Features of the organization of public service of medical and social expertise at the present stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
S. N Puzin ◽  
Servir S. Memetov ◽  
M. A Shurgaya ◽  
L. Yu Baleka
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Political Economic

In the modem society, the state acts as the guarantor ofsocial security of citizens with disabilities. In this direction as an important stage the ratification by the Russian Federation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2012 has turned. Convention was directed to the assurance of the full participation of persons with disabilities in civil, political, economic, social and cultural life of the society. Ratification of the Convention required to insert amendments in the acting legislations of the Russian Federation, including those concerning Medical and Social Expertise (MSE). In particular, there was changed quantitative and qualitative body of specialists, members of the Bureau of the MSE, there was changed the classification and the criteria used for the implementation of medical and social examination of citizens by Federal State MSE institutions. There was the replacement of a paradigm in relation to persons with restrictions in the life activity. The role of health care organizations in terms of examinations and clinical diagnosis in citizens, sent to the medical and social expertise has increased significantly. In the article there is presented an analysis of the current regulatory - legal frameworkfor the implementation of medical and social examination of citizens by Federal State MSE institutions. There was emphasized the importance of quantitative evaluation system of the severity of persistent disorders of the human body functions, caused by diseases, consequences of injuries and defects.

U.S. Disabilities Legislation Affecting Electronic and Information Technology

2005 ◽  
pp. 2916-2920
Author(s):  
Deborah Bursa ◽  
Lorraine Justice ◽  
Mimi Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Section 508 ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
And Training ◽  
The U.S

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is the cornerstone legislation to address the civil rights of people with disabilities, including making products, services, and physical environments accessible to them. Almost everyone in the U.S. is familiar with the ADA, but designers of technology products and services need to be aware of accessibility standards that go beyond the ADA: specifically, Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 255 of the Communications Act. These laws define accessibility standards and guidelines that impact the design of electronic, information, and telecommunication technologies, and they are intended to promote products and services that are as accessible to persons with disabilities as those without (Section 508, 1998). Furthermore, with the aging of the U.S. and world populations (Forrester, 2004), the number of people who want to use technology but cannot, because of disabilities, is on the rise. Designers of technology need to understand how modifications in traditional design will make products more marketable and usable by a wider range of customers. This article reviews important aspects of Sections 508 and 255, assistive technology and accessible design, and additional sources of information and training.

Substantive Equality Prostitution Law, 1999–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 334-370
Author(s):  
Max Waltman
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Substantive Equality ◽  
Civil Remedies ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
The Impact

The chapter analyzes the impact of Sweden’s substantive equality prostitution law (a.k.a. Nordic Model) as a means of exploring potential challenges to pornography production. Comparisons of prostitution prevalence in Scandinavia, evidence of sex trafficking, sex purchasing, and attitudinal changes in the population are assessed. The law’s reduction of violence and increases in safety in prostitution are documented, along with evidence illustrating the importance of specialized exit programs. Critics, unwarranted skepticism, and symptomatic misinformation from academic sex industry apologists are addressed. Case law, rarely discussed outside Sweden, is critically reviewed, including early precedents that obstructed higher criminal penalties and civil remedies (e.g., damages and public support for prostitution exit). A civil rights amendment is proposed, which could be adopted via judicial interpretation or legislative means. The chapter concludes that comparatively seen, Sweden reduced prostitution extensively while making it safer. Similar effects are hypothesized to hold if the law applied to pornographers.

Acceptance of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 By Persons Preparing to Enter the Business Field

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Satcher ◽  
Glen R. Hendren
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Management ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Occupational Setting ◽  
Management Students

Attitudes toward persons with disabilities, gender, race, contact with persons who have disabilities, size of anticipated occupational setting, anticipated type of business occupation, and subject disability were investigated as possible predictors of personnel management students' acceptance of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). The students were found to be relatively accepting of the ADA, however, only one of the predictor variables, attitudes, was shown to account for acceptance of this legislation. Implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations are provided for rehabilitation professionals.

Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalska ◽  
Justyna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study was a diagnosis of the attitudes of students of Warsaw universities towards people with disabilities and the variables which impacted on these attitudes. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the need for social approval and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study focused on two components of attitudes: behavioural (measured by preferable social distance - SDSB) and cognitive (tested with a semantic differential scale - SDSO). 318 students completed a survey including a demographic sheet, a social desirability scale, the SDSB and SDSO. The results indicate that students expressed positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. The impact of such variables as gender, the type of disability and the need for social approval was registered and were differentiated in regard to components of attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research and cues for further studies are suggested.

Southern Strategy 2.0

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edge
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

In the rush of excitement over Barack Obama’s nomination and ascension to the presidency of the United States, many media figures were loathe to analyze the impact of race on both the rhetoric of the election and the actual results. From across the political spectrum, pundits argued that race did not play a major role on Election Day, without offering any context to such comments. Likewise, conservatives in particular have used that idea to assert that racism is no longer a hindrance to advancement in American society. This article seeks to examine the role of race in the election, both in political attacks on Barack Obama and in an analysis of the voting patterns, with a particular emphasis on how conservatives have tried to shape the contours of these discussions. Their purpose, it is argued, is to launch Southern Strategy 2.0, which seeks to use Obama’s victory to attack some of the results of the civil rights movement that helped make his rise possible. At the same time, it still plays on some of the overt racism of the first Southern Strategy, using Obama’s racial identity and politics to challenge whether he is “American” enough to lead the nation. Thus, conservatives use Obama’s image as a sign that racism is dead, while simultaneously attacking him with the same race-based tactics that have played such an important role in the recent history of the Republican Party.

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