scholarly journals Screening for Mothers at Risk to Wean Early and Referral to a Lactation Support Person for Prolonging Breastfeeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Jessica Mary Evelyn Havens ◽  
Maria Wines
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Prediction Tool ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Helpful Tool ◽  
Support Person ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

This project trialed the breastfeeding control (BFC) scale of the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT) to identify mothers at high risk to wean early and to determine the effectiveness of a prenatal consult with a lactation support person on breastfeeding duration and intensity. Results indicated that mothers with lower scores on the BAPT-BFC scale showed a trend for decreased breastfeeding intensity at 8 weeks postpartum. Experimental and control groups had similar BAPT-BFC scores and breastfeeding intensity at 8 weeks. Overall, women who had low BAPT-BFC scores tended to be breastfeeding less at 8 weeks compared with mothers who scored very high. This finding would suggest the BAPT-BFC is a helpful tool for predicting breastfeeding success.

Associations of cell cycle genetic variants with aggressive prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Melissa Huynh ◽  
Chirag Vyas ◽  
Kathryn L. Penney ◽  
Adam S. Kibel
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cancer Screening Trial ◽  
Screening Trial

175 Background: The need to differentiate patients at risk for developing aggressive prostate cancer (CaP) from those at risk for less aggressive disease has led to efforts to identify genetic markers to predict disease course and personalize treatment. A study with participants from Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) and Washington University (WU) found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cell cycle genes were associated with risk of aggressive CaP. We sought to replicate those results in the European-American population of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: We focused on variants associated with aggressive CaP in the JHMI and WU cohorts, which included 13 SNPs in 12 genes ( CCNC, CCND3, CCNG1, CCNT2, CDK2, CDK6, MDM2, SKP2, TERF2, WEE1, YWHAB, YWHAH). Variants were genotyped using the Pyrosequencing assay. Patients were classified into high risk (Gleason≥8, pT3b, N+, M+), low risk (Gleason≤7, ≤pT3a, N0, M0) or non-cancer control groups based on clinicopathologic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare genotype frequencies of each variant between groups using the dominant model. Results: There were 108 aggressive and 1080 non-aggressive CaP patients, and 1155 controls . CDK6 ( rs8) was associated with increased risk of any CaP (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.02-1.42; p = 0.032) and high risk disease (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.09-2.42; p = 0.017) vs. controls. In contrast, the JHMI and WU cohort found CDK6 variants to be protective against aggressive CaP. CCNG1 ( rs11541970) approached significance (p = 0.052) between high risk and control groups, and CCNC conferred a protective effect consistent with the prior study, but did not reach significance (p = 0.101). No associations with any cell cycle gene variants were detected when comparing high and low risk patients. Conclusions: Our study did not replicate the results from the JHMI and WU cohorts. CDK6 predicted an increased risk of developing any CaP and high risk CaP. However, directionality was opposite to the prior study, indicating that this variant is unlikely to be a true predictor of increased risk of or protection from aggressive CaP.

Determining the Quality and Impact of an E-Mentoring Program on At-Risk Youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Diane W. Culpepper ◽  
Victor M. Hernandez-Gantes ◽  
William E. Blank
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Dropout Prevention ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of an e-mentoring program and the impact of participation on at-risk high school students enrolled in dropout prevention programs. The quality of the program was evaluated based on the ease of implementation, use of technology, and overall satisfaction. Indicators of student's self-esteem, career decision, attendance, and GED test scores were used to gauge the impact of participation. Design-based research methods were used to compare the participation of students in mentored and control groups. The results indicated a high level of satisfaction with ease of implementation, use of technology, and overall program quality. However, there were no significant differences between the mentored and control groups regarding self-esteem, career indecision, attendance, and GED test scores. Since the GED dropout prevention program provides guidance and mentorship by the coordinator, further research is suggested to account for the role of program and other contributing variables. Also, further research is suggested on the ancillary benefits of e-mentoring.

scholarly journals The Admission Hamilton Early Warning Score (HEWS) Predicts the Risk of Critical Event during Hospitalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tam BHSc MD ◽  
Michael Xu BHSc ◽  
Michelle Kwong BHSc Cand. ◽  
Christine Wardell BHSc Cand. ◽  
Andrew Kwong BHSc Cand. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Score ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Icu Transfer ◽  
Very High

Background: Early warning scores detect patients at risk of deterioration in hospital. Our objective was to first, demonstrate that the admission Hamilton Early Warning Score (HEWS) predicts critical events and second, estimate the workload required to identify critical events during hospitalization.Methods: We prospectively identified a consecutive cohort of medical/surgical patients for retrospective review. Critical events were defined as a composite of inpatient death, cardio-pulmonary arrest or ICU transfer. Likelihood of a critical event during hospitalization and the number needed to evaluate to detect a critical event was based on highest admission HEWS.Results: We found 506 critical events occurred in 7130 cases. HEWS identified graduated levels of risk at admission. We found 2.6 and 1.8 patients needed to be evaluated in the ‘high-risk’ and very ‘high-risk’ subgroups to detect a critical event.Conclusions: HEWS identified patients at risk for critical events during hospitalization at ward admission. Few patients with high HEWS required evaluation to detect a critical event.

Effectiveness of different outreach strategies to identify individuals at high risk of diabetes in a heterogeneous population: a study in the Swedish municipality of Södertälje

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 1990-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahira Shahim ◽  
Sofia Hasselberg ◽  
Oscar Boldt-Christmas ◽  
Viveca Gyberg ◽  
Linda Mellbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Syrian Orthodox ◽  
Very High

Background Identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prerequisite for the institution of preventive measures to reduce future micro and macrovascular complications. Approximately 50% of people with T2DM are undiagnosed, challenging the assumption that a traditional primary healthcare setting is the most efficient way to reach people at risk of T2DM. A setting of this kind may be even more suboptimal when it comes to reaching immigrants, who often appear to have inferior access to healthcare and/or are less likely to attend routine health checks at primary healthcare centres. Objectives The objective of this study was to identify the best strategy to reach individuals at high risk of T2DM and thereby cardiovascular disease in a heterogeneous population. Methods All 18–65-year-old inhabitants in the Swedish municipality of Södertälje ( n∼51,000) without known T2DM and cardiovascular disease were encouraged to complete the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC: score > 15 indicating a high and > 20 a very high risk of future T2DM and cardiovascular disease) through the following communication channels: primary care centres, workplaces, Syrian orthodox churches, pharmacies, crowded public places, mass media, social media and mail. Data collection lasted for six weeks. Results The highest response rate was obtained through workplaces (27%) and the largest proportion of respondents at high/very high risk through the Syrian orthodox churches (18%). The proportion reached through primary care centres was 4%, of whom 5% were at elevated risk. The cost of identifying a person at elevated risk through the Syrian orthodox church was €104 compared with €8 through workplaces and €112 through primary care centres. Conclusions The choice of communication channels was important to reach high/very high-risk individuals for T2DM and for screening costs. In this immigrant-dense community, primary care centres were inferior to strategies using workplaces and churches in terms of both the proportion of identified at-risk individuals and costs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Interventional Program on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Pregnant Women in Ahvaz, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ansari ◽  
Parvin Abedi ◽  
Shirin Hasanpoor ◽  
Soheila Bani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

Objective. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational program on Breastfeeding self-efficacy and duration of exclusive breastfeeding in pregnant women in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 nulliparous pregnant women who tended to breastfeed. The primary self-efficacy scores of samples were measured using Faux and Dennis breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire. Women were randomly recruited into two intervention and control groups. Educational program (two training sessions, each lasted two hours) with two days interval was performed for intervention group. One month after delivery, self-efficacy scores were determined. Six months after child birth, duration of exclusive breastfeeding was assessed. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings. The breastfeeding self-efficacy in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the control group one month after delivery (123.6 versus 101.7, P<0.001). The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was significantly higher in the intervention group (5.03 mo versus 2.7 mo, P<0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (P<0.001). Conclusion. The educational program could increase the self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding duration of mothers. These results can draw the attention of authorities to the importance of educational programs for mothers regarding the exclusive breastfeeding.

Hand Dexterity in Hospital Personnel with Multiple Needlestick Injuries

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 473-475
Author(s):  
J.E. Casanova ◽  
G.P. Barnas ◽  
J. Gollup ◽  
S. Schmitt ◽  
J.S. Casanova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Hand Dexterity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjective:To test the hypothesis that multiple needlestick injuries in hospital employees may he due to intrinsic deficits in hand dexterity.Design:A case-control study comparing employees with multiple reported needlestick injuries to those with none. Hand dexterity was tested using the Purdue Pegboard Test, a standardized validated test of hand dexterity.Setting:A 300-bed, acute care teaching hospital.Participants:Fifteen hospital employees who sustained four or more injuries were compared to 19 controls.Results:No differences were detected in hand dexterity between the case and control groups.Conclusions:While employees with multiple needlestick injuries accounted for 85% of reported injuries, underlying factors responsible for injuries in this high-risk subgroup do not include measurable deficits in hand dexterity.

scholarly journals The effect of Touch Math multi-sensory program on teaching basic computation skills to young children identified as at risk for the acquisition of computation skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (27) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Rabab Abdallah ELawady Abdou
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of Touch Math multi-sensory program on   teaching basic computation skills to young children identified as at risk for the acquisition of computation skills. The children selected for the present study were all kindergarteners from two public kindergarten schools, located at Nasr city, Cairo. 40 children from both schools were included. Of the children who participated in the study (N= 40), 72% were male and 28% were female. Mean age was 5.3 years. A quasi-experimental, two-groups pretest-posttest design was employed, where the same dependent variables (addition skills and subtraction skills) were measured in the two groups of children before (pretest) and after (posttest) a treatment was administered. Using two-way ANOVA, the author analyzed the data from the pre- and post-test.  The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0. The results of the two-way ANOVA and t- test showed that there were differences in post- test mean scores between experimental and control   groups in addition and subtraction skills. In favor of the experimental group, which indicated the effectiveness of Touch Math multi-sensory program. Implications for practice, recommendations for future research and conclusion were included.

scholarly journals A practice of using five-colour chart to guide the control of COVID-19 and resumption of work in Zhejiang Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan He ◽  
Xiaopeng Shang ◽  
Feng Ling ◽  
Zhiping Chen ◽  
Tiehong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High ◽  
Weight Coefficients ◽  
Epidemic Risk ◽  
Colour Chart

AbstractSince the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019 in Wuhan, Zhejiang has become the province with the largest number of cases. The aim of this article is to present Zhejiang province’s experience of establishing an accurate and smart control mechanism for epidemic prevention and control and resumption of work and production using a ‘five-colour epidemic chart’. The number of confirmed cases, proportion of local cases, and occurrence of clustered outbreaks were used as evaluation indicators to calculate the county-level epidemic risk and were assigned different weight coefficients; the absence of cases for 3 and 7 consecutive days was used as the adjustment index. When the first chart was published on February 9, there were 1 very-high-risk, 12 high-risk, and 12 low-risk counties. Under the five-colour chart, Zhejiang began to adopt precise measures to prevent and control the epidemic and resume work and production. By February 24, the low-risk counties had expanded to 82, with no high-risk and very-high-risk counties. The epidemic situation in Zhejiang province has been effectively controlled. The experience of epidemic prevention and control in Zhejiang is worthy to be emulated and learned by other countries and regions.

scholarly journals The association between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genotyping and the risk of epilepsy in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Abdelsalam ◽  
Dina Salama Abd Elmagid ◽  
Hend Magdy ◽  
Amr Mohamed El-Sabbagh ◽  
Maged Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Viable Treatment

Abstract Background Epilepsy is one of the most widely recognized neurological disorders; unfortunately, twenty to thirty percent of patients do not get cured from epilepsy, despite many trials of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Immunotherapy may be a viable treatment strategy in a subset of epileptic patients. The association between Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and epilepsy clarifies the role of the immune system in epilepsy and its response to the drug. Thus, this study will focus on the relation between TLR4 rs1927914, rs11536858, rs1927911SNPs, and epilepsy in an Egyptian case-control study to assess their link to antiepileptic drug response. Results According to TLR4 rs1927914, there is a significant association between the SNP and the development of epilepsy, as CC genotype is 15.3 times more at risk for developing epilepsy than TT genotype, and CT is 11.1 times more at risk for developing epilepsy than TT. Also, patients with CC genotypes are 6.3 times more at risk for developing primary epilepsy than TT genotype. According to rs11536858, there is a significant association between cases and control groups, as AA genotypes are found to be more at risk for developing epilepsy than GG genotypes. Also, there is a statistically significant association between clonazepam resistance and rs11536858, as p value < 0.001* with the highest frequency of TT genotypes at 4.3%. According to rs1927911, there are no significant results between the cases and the control groups or between drug-responsive and drug resistance. Conclusion Possible involvement of the Toll-like receptor clarifies the importance of innate immunity in initiating seizures and making neuronal hyperexcitability. In this work, multiple significant associations between TLR SNPs and epilepsy, epileptic phenotype, and drug-resistant epilepsy have been found. More studies with bigger sample sizes and different techniques with different SNPs are recommended to find the proper immunotherapy for epilepsy instead of the treatment by antiepileptic drugs.

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