Laterality and Cognitive Performance in Mental Retardation

Studies on laterality have not supported the hypothesis that well-lateralized people do better on cognitive tasks than those with ‘mixed’ or uncertain laterality. This developmental characteristic appears to be not significantly linked with specific intellectual disabilities.This study was aimed at testing relationships between laterality and cognitive performance in mental retardation. In this population, indeed, previous invesigators have reported higher incidence of nonright laterality than in nonretarded persons, particularly among males and with reference to handedness.Sample and method. We studied the incidence of different forms of laterality (eye, hand, ear, and foot modalities) in a sample of 202 persons with mild and moderate mental retardation and borderline intellectual functioning, with and without neurological impairment, aged 7 – 79 years.We used 12 laterality tasks assessing, through direct observation, four modalities (hand, eye, ear, and foot preference), as suggested by Coren (1993). The laterality score was obtained using the formula: [(total Right - total Left) / (total Right + total Left)] x 100. The scores ranged from +100 (full right lateralization) to -100 (full left lateralization). The handedness score was computed using the same formula, but taking into account only the 4 tasks regarding hand preference. Lateralization was determined for each subject using a score 50 in the two opposite directions as a cutoff point.Results. Our data, considering the overall laterality, confirmed the hypothesis of reduced right prevalence (near 50% in both sexes), but did not confirm the hypothesis of a larger proportion of left lateralized subjects than in normal ones. Instead, if we refer to handedness only, the percentage of left-handed subjects is very high, almost one fifth in males, almost one tenth in females. A significant difference by gender was found in handedness across life-span. No significant differences were found regarding the level of impairment, either for overall laterality or for handedness.Correlations between lateralization scores and performances in cognitive tests, such as Wechsler Intelligence Scales (single subtests were also taken into account), Raven’s Progressive Matrices, and the Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test, were computed. Results show significant relations between the degree of right sidedness and some cognitive performances, but these relations are differentiated for overall laterality and hand prevalence, and they are mediated by gender and severity of mental retardation.The results are useful for enhancing theoretical comprehension of the relations between laterality and cognitive processes.

Download Full-text

A-079 Hand Preference in Men and Women with Parkinson’s Disease: A Preliminary Investigation

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 871-871

Author(s):

Ryan J ◽

Kreiner D ◽

Gontkovsky S ◽

Paolo A

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Hand Preference ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Left Handed ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Research has identified common genetic influences on handedness and neurological/mental health phenotypes. It also has been shown there may be increased risk for development of neurological disorders/diseases among individuals naturally left-handed or demonstrating non-right-hand preference. This investigation examined prevalence of right-handed versus non-right-handed individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to controls. Method Participants were 264 patients with PD (mean age = 69.83 years) and 256 control volunteers (mean age = 71.42 years). Mean Dementia Rating Scale composites for the groups were 123.68 and 136.00, respectively. Participants self-identified their dominant hand for writing and usage was confirmed during the session. Results Proportions of non-right- and right-handed controls (7.0% and 93.0%) versus individuals with PD (6.8% and 93.2%) did not differ. Changes in proportions of non-right- and right-handedness across age ranges were not significant for controls or patients. There was a trend for a larger proportion of women (55.9%) versus men among controls (44.1%), □ 2 (1) = 3.29, p < .10; whereas, the proportion of men (64.4%) with PD was larger than that of women. (35.6%), □ 2 (1) = 21.31, p < .001. For controls and patients, non-right and right handedness gender proportions were similar. Conclusions This study is the first to assess handedness prevalence rates in PD. Results suggest prevalence of non-right handedness is similar in PD and healthy individuals and does not appear to differ markedly by gender or with advancing age. The occurrence of a trend for a larger proportion of women than men among controls is consistent with census-based statistics.

Download Full-text

The Survey of Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Cognitive – Behavioural Method in Reducing Mother’s Stress of Child with Mental Retardation under 6 Years Old Under Cover of Khorramabad Province Welfare Organization (2012)

Journal of Sociological Research ◽

10.5296/jsr.v4i2.4563 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

Azarinvand, Abrahim ◽

Gorjee, Yosef ◽

Sadrepooshan, Najmeh ◽

Esmaili, Ghasem

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Group Counseling ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Control Group ◽

Trial Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 15 ◽

Behavioral Method ◽

And Control

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling with cognitive – behavioral method in reducing mother’s stress of child with mental retardation less than 6 years old covered of Khorramabad province welfare organization (2012). The statistical society of this study consisted of 52 mothers of child with mental retardation who their children had file in the welfare office. 30 persons were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two groups including trial group (15 persons) and control group (15 persons).The method of study was quasi – experimental way with control group and random trial and data gathering tool such as Friedrich, Greenberg and Crink resources and stress questionnaire. To perform the study; the first step was pretest trial and control group and then 10 group counseling sessions with cognitive- behavioral method had hold among trial group. The control group’s mothers did not receive any counseling. Then, it established post – testing of both group again and another test provided to following – up step for two weeks after test.The result of variance analysis with repeated measurements showed that, there is significant difference in percentage1 level between control and trial groups post – test and follow – up scores, so, the first hypothesis of this study had approved upon group counseling efficacy with cognitive – behavioral method in reducing mother’s stress of child with mental retardation. In addition, these results showed that group counseling with cognitive – behavioral method has been established significant reduction in percentage 1 level physical and emotional symptoms of trial groups’ mothers, but it did not find the significant difference in the cognitive symptoms.

Download Full-text

Mentally Challenged Children’s Performance Comparison to Evaluate their Motor Function of the Brain – By Applying Finger Tapping Sub-test Test of Neuropsychological Battery

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0404.149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mr. Anjan N. Patel ◽

Dr. D.J Panchal

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Motor Function ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Finger Tapping ◽

Neuropsychological Battery ◽

Left Hand ◽

Similar Performance ◽

Right Hand ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Finger Tapping Test

“Mentally challenged children’s performance comparison to evaluate their brain’s motor function – by applying finger tapping subtest test of neuropsychological battery” this is a research problem to know that mental retardation is affecting their motor co-ordination function on not”. Neuro-psychological assessment test battery which was developed by NIMHANS, Bangalore in the year of 2004 and its sub-test Finger tapping test was administered for research. By random sampling method, samples were collected from B.M Institute of Mental Health, Ahmedabad in the year of 2012. Based on Government Civil hospital’s IQ certificate 75 mild category of MR children of above and below graduate parents were taken for research with prior permission. Mental Retardation based on various diagnosis like; Down syndrome, microcephaly, hydrocephaly, trisomy-13, trisomy-18 or multiple disabilities are included. Flowingly, Children’s age group and gender are also kept different to compare their performance on finger tapping test. The results shows the “t” value of Neuropsychological functions of finger tapping test (Right hand) of mild children of different educational level of parents is 0.12. The mean scores of finger tapping test (Right hand) of mild children of above and below graduate parents were found 36.08 and 36.38 respectively with SD 8.50 and 12.56. The results indicate that significant difference does not exist between mild children of below and above graduate parents with regard to finger tapping test (Right hand). In the light of the hypothesis that there will be no significant difference between mild children of below and above graduate parents on finger tapping test (Right hand). It implies that mild children of below and above graduate parents have no significant difference of performance on finger tapping test (Right hand). Based on the result it depicts that mild children of below and above graduate parents’ children have similar performance on finger tapping test (Right hand). The results shows the “t” value of Neuropsychological functions of finger tapping test (Left hand) of mild children of educational level of parents is 0.55. The mean scores of finger tapping test (Left hand) of mild children of above graduate parents were found 34.49 and 35.92 respectively with SD 9.18 and 13.03. The results indicate that significant difference exist between mild children of below graduate parents and mild children of above graduate parents with regard to finger tapping test (Left hand). In the light of the hypothesis that there will be no significant difference between mild children of below and above graduate parents on finger tapping test (Left hand). It implies that mild children of below and above graduate parents have no significant difference on finger tapping test (left hand). Mild children of above and below graduate parent’s children have similar performance on finger tapping test (left hand). On the basis of result it is concluded that Mild MR category of above and below graduate parent’s children have similar performance on Finger tapping test in both Right and Left hand. It depicts that these children are fair in their motor function of motor speed and co-ordination. 75 children’s mental retardation does not affected on their brain’s motor function performance.

Download Full-text

A study of the status of access facilities available for children with disabilities studying in BMC school at Mumbai

IP Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Allied Science ◽

10.18231/j.ijoas.2021.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 54-63

Author(s):

Arun A Banik ◽

Aninda Duti Banik

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Students With Disabilities ◽

Children With Disabilities ◽

School Principal ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Disabled ◽

The Status ◽

Free Environment ◽

Visually Handicapped ◽

Descriptive Survey

The present study title “A study of the status of access facilities available for children with disabilities studying in BMC school”, a descriptive survey designed was made with the aim to study the status of access facility available for the children with disabilities viz. hearing impairment, mental retardation, physically handicapped (Locomotors Disability), visually handicapped in BMC recognized schools. Further to give recommendation in order to promote the access needs for children with disabilities in school. Looking into the prospective of the study it also aim to create an awareness on the issue of barrier free environment for children with disabilities. As a part of tool of the study, self-made questionnaire was developed and validated by a group of professionals. 10 BMC recognized schools were selected in and around Mumbai and the questionnaire was administered by the researcher and taken information from the school principal.Mean average and percentage was calculated from the obtained data. On an average, overall 14.38% schools or centers with disabilities were having access facilities for students with disabilities. With respect to schools or centers related to Locomotors Disabilities, Hearing Disabilities, Mental Retardation, and Visually Handicapped study findings were 14.4%, 14.3%, 13.7% and 15.1% respectively, having access facilities for the children with disabilities in BMC schools. Where the data was subjected to statistical analysis and it was found that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in terms of access facilities between the schools or centers for disabilities. Results indicated that there were very insufficient as well as inadequate access facilities across all children with disabilities in the BMC recognized schools. The results has shown an impact in the education of the disabled students as they need full accessible educational support to undertake their successful study. Hence, Government and all other educational authorities are suggested to take up this issue in a positive manner to improve the quality of education as there is a much needed access facilities in all the schools.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECT OF CO-OP APPROACH IN IMPROVING VISUAL MOTOR INTEGRATION SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITY

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (08) ◽

pp. 716-722

Author(s):

Sheetal S. Gupta ◽

◽

Pritam V. Mehta ◽

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Learning Disability ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Global Strategy ◽

P Value ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Visual Motor Integration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Visual Motor

The importance of visual perception, motor coordination and visual motor integration (VMI) skills for school achievements has been shown in various studies. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance or CO-OP is an evidence-based approach that has been effective in children with developmental coordination disorder and autism spectrum. The present study evaluated the effect of CO-OP approach in improving VMI skills in children with learning disability. Sample of 58 children were included in the study. National Centre for Learning Disabilities (NCLD) Checklist was used as a screen tool and pre and post intervention Beery VMI and Canadian Occupational Performance Measures (COPM) was used as outcome measures.Occupational therapy program using CO-OP approach, based on each childs individualized goals. children were thought global strategy of GO-PLAN-DO-CHECK the sessions were conducted for 12 weeks one hour a day three times a week. After 12 weeks post assessment was done using t test. There significant difference in pre and post CO-OP intervention. p-value was found to be less than 0.0001 for VMI, COPM performance and satisfaction whereas, there was significant difference in motor coordination and visual perception component of Beery VMI. The result shows that CO-OP approach is effective in improving visual motor integration skills of children with learning disability.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Heritability of Handedness in a Hong Kong Chinese Twin and Singleton Sample

10.31234/osf.io/anq79 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mo Zheng ◽

Catherine McBride ◽

Connie Suk-Han Ho ◽

Jonathan Ka-Chun Chan ◽

Kwong Wai Choy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Reference Data ◽

Hand Preference ◽

Hong Kong Chinese ◽

Left Handedness ◽

Left Handed ◽

Chinese School ◽

Heritability Analysis ◽

Definition Of

Left-Handedness prevalence has been consistently reported at around 10% with heritability estimates at around 25%. Higher left-handedness prevalence has been reported in males and in twins. Lower prevalence has been reported in Asia, but it remains unclear whether this is due to biological or cultural factors. Most studies are based on samples with European ethnicities and using the preferred hand for writing as the key assessment. Here, we investigated handedness in a sample of Chinese school children in Hong Kong, including 426 singletons and 205 pairs of twins, using both the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and Pegboard Task. Based on a binary definition of writing hand, we found a higher prevalence of left-handedness (8%) than what was previously reported in Asian datasets. We found no evidence of increased left-handedness in twins, but our results were in line with previous findings showing that males have a higher tendency to be left-handed than females. Heritability was similar for both hand preference (21%) and laterality indexes (22%). However, these two handedness measures present only a moderate correlation (.42) and appear to be underpinned by different genetic factors. In summary, we report new reference data for an ethnic group usually underrepresented in the literature. Our heritability analysis supports the idea that different measures will capture different components of handedness and, as a consequence, datasets assessed with heterogeneous criteria are not easily combined or compared.

Download Full-text

Hand Preference and Creativity of Papua University Student

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA ◽

10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.914 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Vionita Putri ◽

Elda Irma Jeanne Joice Kawulur ◽

Febriza Dwiranti ◽

Sabarita Sinuraya ◽

Sita Ratnawati

Keyword(s):

Hand Preference ◽

University Student ◽

Creative People ◽

Left Hand ◽

Adjective Check List ◽

Left Handed ◽

Males And Females ◽

Papua Barat ◽

The Right ◽

Descriptive Method

Human has a preference to use their hands for various manual activities. Left-handed preference is people who tend to use their left hand to perform various manual activities, while right-handed people tend to use right-handed. Any researches show that the left-handed preference for more creativity was influenced by the dominant use of the right brain and bigger corpus callosum. The research aims to determine the percentage of left-handed preference and their creativity in Universitas Papua, Manokwari Papua Barat. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. Data collection used a questionnaire to evaluate individual hand preference using Handedness Questionnaire and to determine individual creativity using Adjective Check List. The percentage of left-handed people in UNIPA were 9.3% or lower than right-handed and higher than ambidextrous. Our study supports the statement about selection in handedness in the traditional society which showed a higher percentage of left-hander as advantages related to using hand intensively. The percentage of left-handed males and females was almost equal and strongly left-handed was higher in females. The percentage of creative people was higher in left-handed, especially in males

Download Full-text

DETERMINATION OF FEMALE TABLE TENNIS SPORT PERFORMANCE BY SENZOR MOTORIC REACTION TIME

GYMNASIUM ◽

10.29081/gsjesh.2016.17.2.18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol XVII (2) ◽

Author(s):

Henrieta Hornigova ◽

Ladislava Dolezajova ◽

Jaromir Sedlacek ◽

Peter Sagat ◽

Gheorghe Balint

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Table Tennis ◽

Motor Reaction ◽

Significance Level ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Motor Reaction Time ◽

Left Handed ◽

Significant Difference

In the sport performance structure of table tennis is sensor motor reaction time one of the most important factors for reaching top-level results, both in males and females groups. In this research we watched 23 female table tennis players from Slovakia; 9 mini cadets (12-13 years), 6 cadets (14-15 years) and 8 juniors (16-18 years). Girls were tested by modified agility test for table tennis players (Vacenovsky & Vencurik, 2013) with machine FITRO Agility check. Thus we gained their sensor motor reaction times. By Mann-Whitney U-test we studied differences between age categories, upper and lower extremities, dominant (forehand) and un-dominant (backhand) side, right and left-handed players. We used significance level p<0.05. In our research we did not confirm expected results that the older groups have shorter sensor motor reaction time. We also expected shorter reaction time of upper extremities comparing lower extremities; this was confirmed, though there was found statistical significant difference only in juniors group. Groups of mini-cadets and cadets have better (shorter) sensor motor reaction time from backhand side, while group of junior is better from forehand side. We also confirmed that left-handed players have slightly shorter reaction time.

Download Full-text

The Relationship of Surgeon Handedness and Experience on Operative Duration and Hearing Improvement in Ipsilateral and Contralateral Otologic Surgeries

Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.32412/pjohns.v35i2.1505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Gillian Barzaga

Keyword(s):

Hearing Improvement ◽

Ear Surgery ◽

Hearing Gain ◽

Operative Duration ◽

Left Handed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgeon Experience ◽

The Right ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship of the surgeon handedness and operative site laterality on operative duration and hearing improvement in otologic surgery, and to further explore whether this relationship may be related to surgeon experience. Methods:Design: Retrospective CohortSetting: Tertiary Private Teaching HospitalParticipants: Seventy-three (73) patients aged 18 to 65 years old who underwent primary ear surgery under general anesthesia between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively divided into two groups: 39 contralateral and 34 ipsilateral. The operative durations and hearing improvements were compared using independent t-tests, with consideration of surgeon experience in years further stratifying patients. Results: There was no significant difference in operative duration, t(71) = 1.14, p = .26, between the contralateral (M = 281.95 minutes, SD = 71.82) and ipsilateral (M = 261.15, SD = 79.26) groups. This same pattern was more pronounced among surgeons with 10+ years of experience although there was also no significant difference in operative time, t(33) = 1.31, p = .19 for both ipsilateral and contralateral surgeries There was no statistically significant difference, t(36) = -0.72, p = .47, in overall mean hearing gain among patients in the contralateral (M = +2.22 dB, SD = 10.54) and ipsilateral (M = +5.12 dB, SD = 14.26) groups. Although the difference was also not statistically significant, t(16) = -1.94, p = .07 for contralateral (M = 0.00, SD = 5.43) and ipsilateral (M = +7.95 dB, SD = 11.52) procedures performed by surgeons with experience of 10 years or more, a mean hearing gain of +7 dB in the ipsilateral group compared to 0 dB in the contralateral group was notable. Conclusion: This study did not prove that regardless of surgeon experience, right-handed surgeons operating on the right ear and left-handed surgeons operating on the left ear have better ear surgery outcomes of operative duration and hearing improvement compared to right- handed surgeons operating on the left ear and left-handed surgeons operating on the right ear. Future studies on larger samples with more complete data may yet demonstrate this effect.

Download Full-text

A-12 Differential Effects of Symptom Clusters at Baseline on Cognitive Performance

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa036.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 608-608

Author(s):

A Datoc ◽

L Issac ◽

R Bennett ◽

L Lashley

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Symptom Clusters ◽

Return To Play ◽

High School Athletes ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

Individualized Approach ◽

Visual Motor ◽

Archival Database ◽

Composite Scores

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of self-reported affective, sleep, and vestibular-somatic symptomatology on cognitive performance at baseline as measured by ImPACT. Method Participants were selected from a de-identified archival database of high school athletes aged 13–18. Symptom clusters included affective (N = 435, 61.7% female, Mage = 15.46), sleep (N = 435, 53.8% female, Mage = 15.49), and vestibular-somatic (N = 435, 52.2% male, Mage = 15.31). Three One-Way ANOVAs compared baseline composite scores between athletes who reported varying levels of symptomatology within each symptom cluster. Athletes were divided into groups based on their reported symptoms: None (n = 145), Mild (n = 145), and Moderate/Severe (n = 145). Significance was found at p = 0.01. Results No significant relationship between self-reported affective or sleep symptomatology and cognitive performance was observed. A significant relationship was shown between self-reported vestibular-somatic symptomatology regarding the Visual-Motor composite [F (2,432) = 5.925, p = .003]. Bonferroni pairwise comparisons revealed athletes with no reported vestibular-somatic symptoms performed significantly better on Visual-Motor tasks than those with Mild and Moderate/Severe symptoms. Conclusions These results may assist in the understanding of the influence of symptoms reported by athletes’ post-concussion. While those with varying levels of vestibular-somatic symptomatology were found to have significantly different performance on Visual-Motor tasks, this cluster of symptoms was not found to impact other domains of cognitive functioning. The influence of symptoms on cognitive performance likely varies between individual athletes, which can have implications on return-to-play decisions. This highlights the critical need for an individualized approach to be utilized when evaluating athletes post-concussion considering the current literature to date.

Download Full-text