Validity of Screening Methods for Periodontitis Using Salivary Hemoglobin Level and Self-Report Questionnaires in People with Disabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Hei Nam ◽  
Hoi-In Jung ◽  
Si-Mook Kang ◽  
Daisuke Inaba ◽  
Ho-Keun Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Methods

scholarly journals Identification of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Patients With Cancer: Comparison Between Short and Long Web-Based Questionnaires (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Mattsson ◽  
Erik Martin Gustaf Olsson ◽  
Maria Carlsson ◽  
Birgitta Beda Kristina Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Patients With Cancer

BACKGROUND Physicians and nurses in cancer care easily fail to detect symptoms of psychological distress because of barriers such as lack of time, training on screening methods, and knowledge about how to diagnose anxiety and depression. National guidelines in several countries recommend routine screening for emotional distress in patients with cancer, but in many clinics, this is not implemented. By inventing screening methods that are time-efficient, such as digitalized and automatized screenings with short instruments, we can alleviate the burden on patients and staff. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare Web-based versions of the ultrashort electronic Visual Analogue Scale (eVAS) anxiety and eVAS depression and the short Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) with Web-based versions of the longer Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self-report (MADRS-S) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory- State (STAI-S) with regard to their ability to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. METHODS Data were obtained from a consecutive sample of patients with newly diagnosed (<6 months) breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer or with recurrence of colorectal cancer (N=558). The patients were recruited at 4 hospitals in Sweden between April 2013 and September 2015, as part of an intervention study administered via the internet. All questionnaires were completed on the Web at the baseline assessment in the intervention study. RESULTS The ultrashort and short Web-based-delivered eVAS anxiety, eVAS depression and HADS were found to have an excellent ability to discriminate between persons with and without clinical levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression compared with recommended cutoffs of the longer instruments MADRS-S and STAI-S (area under the curve: 0.88-0.94). Cutoffs of >6 on HADS anxiety and >7 hundredths (hs) on eVAS anxiety identified patients with anxiety symptoms with high accuracy. For HADS depression, at a cutoff of >5 and eVAS depression at a cutoff of >7 hs, the accuracy was very high likewise. CONCLUSIONS The use of the short and ultrashort tools, eVAS and HADS, may be a suitable initial method of Web-based screening in busy clinical settings. However, there are still a proportion of patients who lack access to the internet or the ability to use it. There is a need to find solutions for this group to find all the patients with psychological distress.

Differentiation of ADHD and Depression Based on Cognitive Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471986578
Author(s):  
Madlen Paucke ◽  
Tina Stibbe ◽  
Jue Huang ◽  
Maria Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether self-report scales and neuropsychological tests used for adult patients with ADHD can help to distinguish between ADHD-specific and depressive symptoms. Method: In a cross-sectional design, differences in self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests among clinical subgroups and healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. Patients in clinical groups were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or ADHD with or without depressive symptoms according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) guidelines. Results: The Hyperactivity subscales of the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) differed between MDD and ADHD, whereas self-concept and inattention scales even distinguished comorbidity subgroups within the ADHD population. A reduced alertness and higher variations in reaction times measured by performance tests indicated problems in sustained attention in ADHD patients compared with HC. Conclusion: The diagnostic process of ADHD, and thereby the distinction from other symptom-overlapping, comorbid mental disorders, might be improved by utilizing ADHD-specific self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests, which are short, cost-effective, and standardized screening methods.

Physicians' perception toward non-invasive prenatal testing through the eye of the Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Yan Wei ◽  
Lizheng Shi ◽  
Jian Ming ◽  
Luyang He ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hospital Competition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive

ObjectivePhysicians' attitudes and adoption behavior toward the delivery of prenatal tests take vital significance for its influence on their professional practice and patient acceptance. This study aimed to identify how physicians have perceived the diffusion of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to October 2016 in Shanghai, and Fujian and Sichuan Provinces in China. Physicians working on prenatal screening completed a self-report questionnaire. Following Roger's diffusion of innovation model, multivariable logistic regressions were performed separately for the following key elements of the theory which influence diffusion: physician-perceived attributes of NIPT, communication channels, the nature of the social system, the extent of change agent (who introduces innovations into a society), promotion efforts, and physicians' benefits from adopting NIPT.ResultsMost specialists had a positive attitude (53.2 percent) toward NIPT, whereas 58.9 percent of physicians had already adopted NIPT in their clinical practice. Physician adoption of NIPT was positively associated with the strength of HTA evidence (p = .03), perceived communication frequency with colleagues (p = .04), adoption by other physicians (p = .07), hospital competition (p = .06), hospital teaching status (p = .02), perceived for-profit genetic testing company's promotion (p < .001), and perceived clinical practice skill improvement (p = .02). However, the adoption behavior toward NIPT may be negatively associated with physician-perceived ethical concerns of NIPT (p = .06).ConclusionObstetricians and gynecologists’ positive perceptions facilitate the adoption of NIPT. Combined with cost-effectiveness analysis of prenatal screening methods, health policy makers can promote the adoption of appropriate, cost-effective prenatal screening in pregnant women.

Universal Design for Measurement: Centering the Experiences of Individuals With Disabilities Within Health Measurement Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 016327871990053
Author(s):  
Erin Vinoski Thomas ◽  
Jan Warren-Findlow ◽  
Charlie L. Reeve ◽  
Jennifer B. Webb ◽  
Sarah B. Laditka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Health Measurement

People with disabilities comprise roughly 25% of the U.S. adult population yet remain underrepresented in mainstream public health and evaluation research. The lack of measures of common constructs that are validated in but not specific to this population may impede their inclusion. This article describes the use of Universal Design for Measurement (UDM), a novel method for developing self-report measurement instruments validated among broad populations to minimize the need for scale adaptation. We applied UDM to the development and content validation of a new body image scale. We assessed content validity by surveying subject matter experts (SMEs) and conducted a Delphi panel study to assess consensus about scale items among community women with ( n = 18) and without ( n = 15) disabilities. Most scale items were found acceptable by SMEs and community women. The Delphi panel study was useful toward evaluating consensus about scale items among women with and without disabilities. Findings support the use of UDM in developing inclusive and psychometrically sound measurement scales to ultimately facilitate the full inclusion of people with disabilities within health research.

Exploratory Review: Self-Report IADL Assessments in the age of Internet-Connected Assistive Devices

2020 ◽  
pp. 153944922094000
Author(s):  
Abbas H. Quamar ◽  
Mark R. Schmeler ◽  
Diane M. Collins ◽  
Richard M. Schein
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Instrumental Activities

Internet-Connected Assistive Devices (iCAD), like accessible smartphones, tablets, computers, and apps, have become an integral part of everyday functioning for people with disabilities (PWD). The objective of this article was to identify self-report assessments having the relevance and clinical applicability for assessing satisfaction with performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) for PWD using iCAD. An exploratory review was conducted to identify self-report assessments that were appropriate, practical, clinically fit, and psychometrically acceptable, for assessing satisfaction with performing IADLs for PWD using iCAD. Thirty-two IADL assessments were identified, of which six met inclusion criteria. Four of six assessments did not specifically address iCAD usage, while two assessments had limited relevance and clinical applicability, for assessing satisfaction with performing IADLs for PWD using iCAD. This review establishes the growing need for a self-report IADL assessment that has been specifically designed and validated for assessing satisfaction with performing IADLs for PWD using iCAD

scholarly journals Association between self-esteem and efficacy and mental health in people with disabilities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257943
Author(s):  
Jong Youn Moon ◽  
Jae-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research

This study aimed to investigate the association among self-evaluations—such as self-esteem and self-efficacy—self report of depression, and perceived stress among Korean individuals with disabilities. Data from the second wave of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (collected from 2016–2018) were used. In 2016 and the follow-up in 2018, 4,033 participants were included. We estimated the annual change in both independent variables and the probability of self-report of depression and stress. Generalized estimating equation model and chi-square test were used. Compared with those whose self-esteem and self-efficacy scores were ≥30, those with scores ≤19 were, respectively, 5.825 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 4.235–8.011; p < .0001) and 1.494 times (95% CI: 1.233–1.810; p < .0001) more likely to have self-report of depression. The perceived stress of those with self-esteem scores ≤19 or ranging from 20–24 were, respectively, 2.036 (95% CI: 1.510–2.747; p < .0001) and 1.451 times higher (95% CI: 1.269–1.659; p < .0001) than those with self-esteem scores ≥30. There exists an inverse correlation between self-evaluations, such as self-efficacy and self-esteem, and mental health in people with disabilities. The results of this study can be used as a basis for developing interventional strategies and training and intervention programs for people with disabilities. Future research is needed to investigate potential mediating factors among Korean individuals.

scholarly journals Inattentive responding can induce spurious associations between task behavior and symptom measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Zorowitz ◽  
Yael Niv ◽  
Daniel Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Task Behavior

A common research design in the field of computational psychiatry involves leveraging the power of online participant recruitment to assess correlations between behavior in cognitive tasks and the self-reported severity of psychiatric symptoms in large, diverse samples. Although large online samples have many advantages for psychiatric research, some potential pitfalls of this research design are not widely understood. Here we detail circumstances in which entirely spurious correlations may arise between task behavior and symptom severity as a result of inadequate screening of careless or low-effort responding on psychiatric symptom surveys. Specifically, since many psychiatric symptom surveys have asymmetric ground-truth score distributions in the general population, participants who respond carelessly on these surveys will show apparently elevated symptom levels. If these participants are similarly careless in their task performance, and are not excluded from analysis, this may result in a spurious association between greater symptom scores and worse behavioral task performance. Here, we demonstrate exactly this pattern of results in N = 386 participants recruited online to complete a self-report symptom battery and a short reversal-learning choice task. We show that many behavior-symptom correlations are entirely abolished when participants flagged for careless responding on surveys are excluded from analysis. We also show that exclusion based on task performance alone is not sufficient to prevent these spurious correlations. Of note, we demonstrate that false-positive rates for these spurious correlations increase with sample size, contrary to common assumptions. We offer guidance on how researchers using this general experimental design can guard against this issue in future research; in particular, we recommend the adoption of screening methods for self-report measures that are currently uncommon in this field.

Emotional Intelligence and Attitudes toward People with Disabilities: A Comparison between Two Cultures

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Zuniga ◽  
Jerome M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attitudes Toward Disabled ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Response To Literature ◽  
Education Levels

The purpose of the study was to provide a framework for understanding the relationships among culture, emotional intelligence as measured by the Affective Response to Literature Survey (ARLS) and the Schutte Self-Report Inventory (SSRI), and attitude towards people with disabilities as measured by the Attitudes Toward Disabled Person Scale-Form A (ATDP-A). Results indicated significant (p < .01) differences among students' educational levels and their attitudes toward people with disabilities: Students with higher education levels reported higher ATDP-A scores. Costa Rican students scored significantly (p < .01) higher on the SSRI than students in the United States. In addition, significant (p < .01) differences were found between females from both groups and their male counterparts on the ARLS. Implications include the possibility of enhancing clients' emotional intelligence to assist in their coping and to increase individual's positive attitudes toward people with disabilities.

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