scholarly journals Use of Chitosan to Control Vibrio harveyi Infection on White Shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
. Sukenda ◽  
Y. Tri Anggoro ◽  
D. Wahjuningrum ◽  
. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Total Haemocyte Count

<p>Immunostimulation and antibacterial effect of chitosan against vibriosis were examined in white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>).  Control shrimps were injected with 0.05 μl of sterile sea water, while experimental shrimps were injected with 2, 4 and 6 μg per g shrimp of chitosan.  All shrimps were subsequently challenged by 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml of live <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> by injection method.  Survival rate of shrimps injected with chitosan were found to slightly increase in accordance with dose of chitosan, even not statistically significant.  Total haemocyte count and phagocytic index at experimental shrimps were over than control shrimps up to three days post injection.  Number of <em>V. harveyi</em> in the intestine of experimental shrimps were lower than control shrimps indicates an antibacterial activity of chitosan to combat infection.</p> <p>Keywords: chitosan,<em> </em><em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, haemocyte, phagocytic index, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Efek imunostimulasi dan antibakterial dari kitosan melawan vibriosis dilihat pada udang putih (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>).   Udang control disuntik dengan 0,05 μl air laut steril, sedangkan udang uji disuntik dengan kitosan 2, 4 dan 6 μg per g udang.  Semua udang diuji tantang dengan 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml bakteri <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> hidup dengan metode penyuntikan.  Sintasan udang yang disuntik dengan kitosan meningkat berbarengan dengan peningkatan dosis kitosan, meskipun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata.  Jumlah total hemosit dan indeks fagositosis pada udang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol sampai tiga hari pasca penyuntikan.  Jumlah <em>V. harveyi</em> dalam saluran pencernaan dari udang uji lebih rendah dibandingkan udang kontrol, hal ini  menunjukkan aktifitas antibacterial dari kitosan dalam melawan infeksi.</p> <p>Kata kunci: kitosan,<em> Vibrio harveyi</em>, hemosit, indeks fagositosis, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em></p>

scholarly journals Seaweed extract of Gracilaria verrucosa as an antibacterial and treatment against Vibrio harveyi infection of Litopenaeus vannamei

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mad Rudi ◽  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Wesly Pasaribu ◽  
Dendi Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of G. verrucosa extract in test inhibitory zone with different concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/L) and  to examine G. verrucosa extract with different dosage (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) in feed on immune responses (total hemocytes count, phagocytic activity, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst) and survival rate in the Litopenaeus vannamei against the pathogenic Vibrio harveyi. Pacific white shrimp with an initial body weight of 5.25±0.55 g was reared in the aquarium (60×30×30 cm3) with a density of 10 shrimp/aquarium. Pacific white shrimp had been fed three times a day as much as 3% in at satiation for 14 days after challenged with V. harveyi. The first results of the inhibitory test showed that all the concentration of G. verrucosa extract was able to inhibit the growth of V. harveyi and the second result showed that the extract of G. verrucosa can increase the immune responses of shrimp. In the result of survival showed that shrimp fed with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg has 80, 73, 70, and 70%, respectively. In conclusion, the seaweed extract of G. verrucosa has antibacterial activity and can induce the immune responses and resistance of Pacific white shrimp against V. harveyi infection.Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, seaweed, Vibrio harveyi, vibriosis,  Litopenaeus vannamei ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak G. verrucosa dalam uji zona hambat dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda (yaitu 500, 1000, 1500, dan 2000 mg/L) dan studi perlakuan pengobatan untuk menguji ekstrak G. verrucosa pada pakan dengan dosis yang berbeda (yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 g/kg) pada respons imun (yaitu jumlah total hemosit, aktivitas fagositik, aktivitas fenoloksidase, respiratory burst) dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup pada udang vaname terhadap bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi. Udang vaname dengan berat badan awal 5,25 ± 0,55 g dipelihara di akuarium (60 × 30 × 30 cm3) dengan kepadatan 10 udang/akuarium. Udang vaname  pasifik diberi makan tiga kali sehari 3% at satiation selama 14 hari setelah di uji tantang V. harveyi. Hasil pertama dari uji zona hambat menunjukkan bahwa semua konsentrasi ekstrak G. verrucosa mampu menghambat pertumbuhan V. harveyi dan hasil kedua menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ektrak G. verrucosa dapat meningkatkan respon imun udang. Hasil tingkat kelangsungan hidup menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pakan udang dengan dosis 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 g/kg memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup masing-masing 80, 73, 70, dan 70%. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak rumput laut G. verrucosa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan dapat menginduksi respons imun & ketahanan udang terhadap infeksi V. harveyi.Kata kunci: Gracilaria verrucosa, rumput laut, Vibrio harveyi, vibriosis, udang vaname 

scholarly journals INNOVATION OF SINBIOTIC FORMULA FOR THE GROWTH OF WHITE SHRIMP LARVAE (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Sumardi Sumardi ◽  
Christina Nugroho Ekowati ◽  
Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽  
Ainun Rohmawati Bareta ◽  
Sarno Sarno
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
National Standard ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Absolute Length

In the hatchery of white shrimp larvae, there are some problems, such as a decreased water quality and diseases caused by bacteria which cause a decrease in shrimp growth. The solution to reduce these problems is by applying synbiotics. This research aimed to make an innovative synbiotic formula for the absolute length growth and survival rate of white shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) as well as  the total number of bacteria and the number of Vibrio sp. In this study, there were four treatments, as follows: C-: negative control (without synbiotic application) C+: positive control (commercial synbiotic) P: probiotic 2.5 x 105 cfu/ml and prebiotic 1,5 ppm Q: probiotic 5 x 105 cfu/ml and prebiotic 1 ppm R: probiotic 7,5 x 105 cfu/ml and prebiotic 0,5 ppm S: probiotic 106 cfu/ml and prebiotic 2 ppm, each treatment with four repetitions. This research was set up in a completely randomized design experiment using twenty-four plastic tanks with 50 L total volume filled with 20 L sterile sea water and stocked with 4,000 nauplii in the PT. Citra Larva Cemerlang hatchery, Kalianda, Lampung. Variables observed in this research were survival rate, absolute length growth, total bacterial and Vibrio sp. counts, and water quality in the white shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei). The results showed that the best survival rate is in treatment S (probiotic 106 cfu/ml and prebiotic 2 ppm) (87.7%), the highest absolute length growth is in treatment P (3.8 mm), the highest total bacteria was in treatment S (11.1 log cfu/ml), and the best total Vibrio sp. is in treatment S (3.5 log cfu/ml). Water quality of the six treatments shows results that are still in normal conditions following Indonesian National Standard SNI 7311: 2009.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK AIR PANAS Spirulina platensis PADA PAKAN TERHADAP KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP DAN TOTAL HEMOSIT UDANG VANAME SETELAH DIINFEKSI DENGAN Vibrio harveyi

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Ayu Puspitarani ◽  
Woro Hastuti Satyantini ◽  
Rahayu Kusdarwati
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Total Haemocyte Count

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan suatu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi penting. Produksi udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) mengalami kendala akibat adanya wabah penyakit. Salah satunya adalah akibat serangan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Bakteri ini menyebabkan mortalitastinggi. Penanggulanganya umumnya menggunakan antibiotik namun berdampak pada munculnya resistensi bakteri dan residu pada udang. Aplikasi penggunaan bahan alami sebagai imunostimulan seperti Spirulina platensis dalam bentuk ekstrak air panas diketahui memiliki efek stimulator sehingga dapat meningkatkan respon imun pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Respon imun ini diperlihatkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah total hemosit yang berpengaruh langsung dengan nilai kelangsungan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhpemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis pada pakan terhadap total hemosit (Total Haemocyte Count) dan nilai kelangsungan hidup udang vaname setelah diuji tantang dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan (0 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, dan 800 mg/kg) dan 4 kali ulangan. Udang vaname diberikan pakan dengan kandungan ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis selama 14 hari kemudian pada hari ke-15 udang diuji tantang dengan cara diinjeksi dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi dosis 106 CFU/ml pada bagian segmen abdominal. Pengamatan terhadap jumlah total hemosit (Total Haemocyte Count) yaitu pada hari ke-0, ke-14, ke-16 dan ke-26. Pengamatan terhadap nilai SR (Survival Rate) dilakukan selama sepuluh hari pasca udang diinfeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah total hemosit pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) akibat pemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa pemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis). Pemberian ekstrak air panas Spirulina platensis juga efektif meningkatkan nilai kelangsungan hidup (Survival rate) udang vaname pasca infeksi dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi dengan perlakuan terbaik pada dosis sebesar 800 mg/kg pakan. 

scholarly journals Screening of probiotic bacteria and its role on artificial infection of Vibrio harvey in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
. Sukenda ◽  
A.J. Sihombing ◽  
Fitria Novianti ◽  
. Widanarni
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora

<p>Probiotic was screened from 28 strains of normal bacterial flora isolated from rearing water in a <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> farm based on its inhibitory activity against the growth of <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>.  Antibacterial activity was also tested in vivo to <em>V. harveyi</em> in <em>L. vannamei</em>.  The result showed that  the probiotic has a antibacterial effect on <em>V. harveyi</em>.  The in vivo test showed that shrimps injected with probiotic previously before challenged with <em>V. harveyi</em> has survival higher than control.  Probiotic isolate was suspected as <em>Vibrio furnissi</em>.</p> <p>Keywords:  biocontrol, inhibitory activity, <em>Vibrio furnissi</em>, <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em></p> <p> </p> <p>AbstraK</p> <p>Bakteri probiotik ditapis dari 28 strain bacteria flora yang diisolasi dari air pemeliharaan udang vaname <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> berdasarkan aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap pertumbuhan <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>.  Aktivitas bakteri probiotik juga diuji secara <em>in vivo</em> terhadap <em>V. harveyi</em> pada udang putih.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri probiotik isolat memiliki kemampuan antibakteria terhadap <em>V. harveyi</em>.  Uji <em>in vivo</em> menunjukkan bahwa udang yang diinjeksi probiotik sebelum diuji tantang dengan <em>V. harveyi</em> memiliki kelangsungan hidup lebih tinggi daripada kontrol.  Isolat probiotik tersebut diduga adalah <em>Vibrio furnissi</em>.</p> <p>Kata kunci:  biokontrol, aktivitas penghambatan, <em>Vibrio furnissi, Vibrio harveyi, Litopenaeus</em> <em>vannamei</em></p>

scholarly journals The potential of Trichoderma sp. as antibacterial and immunostimulant on white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Catur A. Pebrianto ◽  
. Sukenda ◽  
. Widanarni
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count

<p>The objective of this research was to study antibacterial and immunostimulatory effects of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. extract on white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>.  First experiment was conducted to evaluate inhibitory effect of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp. againts <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, a pathogenic bacteria causing vibriosis disease on shrimp.  Second experiment was conducted to evaluate immunostimulatory effect of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. on shrimp immunity as well as protective effect against <em>V. harveyi</em>. A group of shrimp was injected with a minimum inhibitory concentration obtained at first experiment, and a week after, shrimps was challenged with <em>V. harveyi</em> (prophylactic). Another group was previously challenged with <em>V. harveyi</em>, and subsequently injected with <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. two fold of <em>Minimum Inhibitory Concentration</em> (MIC) a day after (therapeutic). Positive control, that was received only <em>V. harveyi</em>, and negative controls, that was received neither <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. nor <em>V. harveyi</em> were included in this experiment.  Results of first experiment showed that a concentration of 600 ppm was a MIC of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. to inhibit <em>V. harveyi</em>. While in the second experiment, the groups receiving <em>Trichoderma</em> sp., either prophylactic or therapeutic, showed protective effect against <em>V. harveyi</em> significantly higher than positive control and lower compared with negative control. Total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phagocytic index and phenoloxydase activity were different among the groups of prophylactic treatment or therapeutic treatment compared to control positive and negative treatments. In conclusion, <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. could be used in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments to combat infection of <em>V. harveyi</em> on <em>L. vannamei</em>.</p> <p>Key words: <em>Trichoderma </em>sp., <em>V. harveyi, </em>immunostimulant</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh antibakterial dan immunostimulasi ekstrak <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. terhadap udang putih, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>.  Percobaan pertama dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penghambatan <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. terhadap <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, bakteri patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit vibriosis pada udang. Percobaan kedua dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh immonustimulasi <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. terhadap imunitas udang serta pengaruh protektif terhadap <em>V. harveyi</em>. Sekelompok udang disuntik dengan konsentrasi hambatan minimum (<em>minimum inhibitory concentration</em>, MIC) yang diperoleh dari hasil percobaan pertama, dan seminggu kemudian udang diuji tantang dengan <em>V. harveyi</em> (profilaksis). Kelompok udang lain diuji tantang dengan <em>V. harveyi</em> sebelumnya untuk kemudian disuntik dengan <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. (<em>therapeutic</em>). Kontrol positif, yang hanya diuji tantang dengan <em>V. harveyi</em>, dan kontrol negatif, yang tidak mendapat baik <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. maupun <em>V. harveyi. </em>Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa 600 ppm merupakan konsentrasi MIC <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. yang memberikan efek penghambatan maksimal terhadap <em>V. harveyi</em>. Sedangkan hasil percobaan kedua, kelompok udang yang mendapatkan <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. baik sebagai profilaksis maupun <em>therapeutic</em> menunjukkan bahwa <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. memberikan efek perlindungan terhadap infeksi <em>V. harveyi</em> secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada kontrol positif dan lebih rendah daripada kontrol negatif. <em>Total hemocyte count</em> (THC) dan <em>differential hemocyte</em> (DHC), indeks fagositik dan aktivitas fenoloksidase kelompok perlakuan profilaksis atau perlakuan <em>therapeutic</em> berbeda baik dengan kontrol positif maupun negatif. Untuk itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. dapat digunakan dalam tindakan pencegahan dan pengobatan infeksi <em>V. harveyi</em> pada udang putih.</p> <p>Kata kunci: <em>Trichoderma</em> sp., <em>V. harveyi</em>, immunostimulan</p>

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Vibrio harveyi Strain Associated with Vibriosis in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emille Moreno ◽  
Marci Parks ◽  
Lee J. Pinnell ◽  
James J. Tallman ◽  
Jeffrey W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies

ABSTRACT Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with vibriosis in penaeid shrimp. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a V. harveyi strain isolated from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during a vibriosis outbreak. The availability of this genome will aid future studies of vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture.

scholarly journals Oral application of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)challenged with Vibrio harveyi

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Widanarni ◽  
Puguh Widagdo ◽  
Dinamella Wahjuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Immersion Method

<p>The use of antibiotics for controlling of luminous vibriosis caused by <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> is restricted now, because it induces antibiotic-resistant bacteria and leave residue in shrimp’s body. An alternative solution that can be done to treat the disease is by using applications of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic on the survival rate and growth of Pacific white shrimp against <em>V. harveyi</em> infection. Feed as a treatment was supplemented with probiotic 1%, prebiotic 2%, and probiotic 1%+prebiotic 2% (synbiotic). Shrimps feed without supplementation of probiotic and prebiotic was used as a control treatment. The shrimps were maintainedin the aquarium (60×30×35 cm<sup>3</sup>) with a density of 40 shrimps/40 L and an average weight of 0.4±0.1 g. After 30 days of feeding treatment, the shrimp was challenged by immersion method with <em>V. harveyi</em> solution containing 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL. The results showed that before challenge, synbiotic feed treated shrimp has a growth rate (5.89%), feed conversionrate (1.21), and a high survival rate (80%). After challenge, survival rate (83.33%) of shrimp fed diet supplemented with synbiotic was higher than prebiotic (51.67%) and positive control (31.67%).</p> <p>Keywords: probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>,Pacific white shrimp</p>

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