Intervención Contra la Caries Dental a Partir de Acciones de Protección Específica en un Grupo de Escolares de Seis a Once Años de la Alcaldía Iztapalapa de la Ciudad de México

Objetivo: Implementar un proyecto de intervención contra la caries dental a partir de acciones de protección específica de la salud bucal con el propósito de reducir la incidencia de caries dental en una población escolar de seis a once años, de la Alcaldía Iztapalapa.Material y Métodos: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo y de comparación, conformado por un grupo control, con una muestra de 908 escolares de primer año de primaria que representó el 70% del total de niños de este grado escolar que entregaron su consentimiento firmado previa información a los padres de familia, realizado en 10 escuelas primarias de la Alcaldía Iztapalapa, que se encuentra ubicada en el oriente de la Ciudad de México. Y el grupo testigo conformado por los escolares (3440) que participaron en el diagnóstico base o inicial.Resultados: Tomando como base los resultados del diagnóstico bucal realizado en 3440 escolares, se llevó a cabo una intervención en el grupo control, con la aplicación de un programa de protección específica a partir de acciones de profilaxis, selladores de fosetas y fisuras y técnica de cepillado,así mismo, un seguimiento epidemiológico que inició cuando los escolares se encontraban en primer año y concluyó cuando estos terminaron el cuarto año de primaria, el estudio lo concluyeron 815 escolares. A los escolares que participaron en el grupo testigo no se les realizó ninguna acción odontológica, sus resultados sirvieron sólo de comparación con el propósito de identificar la incidencia de caries dental de los escolares del grupo control una vez concluida la intervención. La información se capturó en el Programa de Cómputo SPSS versión 23.0 en el que se obtuvieron: Estadísticas descriptivas: promedios y DS de caries dental, t de Student, y X2 de Pearson.Conclusiones: La reducción de la caries dental en el grupo control fue del 70.2%. Objective: To implement an intervention project against dental caries based on specific protection actions for oral health in order to reduce the incidence of dental caries in a school population, aged six to eleven years old, of the Iztapalapa Mayor's Office.Material and Methods: Longitudinal descriptive and comparison study, made up of a control group, was used in the study. It was carried out on a sample of 908 schoolchildren in the first year of primary school, which represents 70% of the total number of children of this school grade who gave their signed consent through their parents, The study, however, was carried out in 10 elementary schools of the Iztapalapa Mayor's Office, which is located in the east of Mexico City. The control group is made up of schoolchildren (3440) who participated in the baseline or initial diagnosis.Results: Based on the results of the oral diagnosis carried out in 3440 schoolchildren, an intervention was carried out in the control group with the application of a specific protection program based on prophylactic actions, pit and fissure sealants, and technique of brushing. Likewise, based on an epidemiological follow-up that began when the schoolchildren were in the first year and ended when they finished the fourth year of primary school, the study was completed by 815 schoolchildren. The schoolchildren who participated in the control group did not undergo any dental action, and their results served only as a comparison with the purpose of identifying the incidence of dental caries in the schoolchildren in the control group once the intervention has been concluded. The information was captured using the SPSS Computer Program version 23.0 in which the following were obtained: descriptive statistics such as the means and SD of dental caries, Student's t test, and Pearson's correlation X2.Conclusions: The reduction of dental caries in the control group was 70.2%.

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Long-Term Follow-Up of Early Cochlear Implant Device Activation

Audiology and Neurotology ◽

10.1159/000512760 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Stefanie Bruschke ◽

Uwe Baumann ◽

Timo Stöver

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cochlear Implant ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Safe Procedure ◽

Sound Processor

Background: The cochlear implant (CI) is a standard procedure for the treatment of patients with severe to profound hearing loss. In the past, a standard healing period of 3–6 weeks occurred after CI surgery before the sound processor was initially activated. Advancements of surgical techniques and instruments allow an earlier initial activation of the processor within 14 days after surgery. Objective: Evaluation of the early CI device activation after CI surgery within 14 days, comparison to the first activation after 4–6 weeks, and assessment of the feasibility and safety of the early fitting over a 12 month observation period were the objectives of this study. Method: In a prospective study, 127 patients scheduled for CI surgery were divided into early fitting group (EF, n = 67) and control group (CG, n = 60). Individual questionnaires were used to evaluate medical and technical outcomes of the EF. Medical side effects, speech recognition, and follow-up effort were compared with the CG within the first year after CI surgery. Results: The early fitting was feasible in 97% of the EF patients. In the EF, the processor was activated 25 days earlier than in the CG. No major complications were observed in either group. At the follow-up appointments, side effects such as pain and balance problems occurred with comparable frequency in both groups. At initial fitting, the EF showed a significantly higher incidence of medical minor complications (p < 0.05). When developing speech recognition within the first year of CI use, no difference was observed. Furthermore, the follow-up effort within the first year after CI surgery was comparable in both groups. Conclusions: Early fitting of the sound processor is a feasible and safe procedure with comparable follow-up effort. Although more early minor complications were observed in the EF, there were no long-term wound healing problems caused by the early fitting. Regular inspection of the magnet strength is recommended as part of the CI follow-up since postoperative wound swelling must be expected. The early fitting procedure enabled a clear reduction in the waiting time between CI surgery and initial sound processor activation.

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Positive and Negative Affect Changes during Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment: Results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI)

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 296

Author(s):

Imke Matthys ◽

Justine Defreyne ◽

Els Elaut ◽

Alessandra Daphne Fisher ◽

Baudewijntje P. C. Kreukels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Sex Steroids ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

European Network ◽

Psychological Burden ◽

The Impact

Improving transgender people’s quality of life (QoL) is the most important goal of gender-affirming care. Prospective changes in affect can influence QoL. We aim to assess the impact of initiating gender-affirming hormonal treatment (HT) on affect. In the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI) study, we prospectively collected data of 873 participants (451 transwomen (TW) and 422 transmen (TM)). At baseline, psychological questionnaires including the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were administered. The PANAS, levels of sex steroids and physical changes were registered at each follow-up visit during a 3-year follow-up period, starting at the initiation of hormonal therapy. Data were analyzed cross-sectionally and prospectively. Over the first three months, we observed a decline in positive affect (PA) in both TM and TW. Thereafter, PA reached a steady state in TW, whereas in TM there was also a second decline at 18 months. In both TM and TW there was no persisting difference comparing baseline to the 36-months results. Concerning negative affect (NA), we observed a decline during the first year in TM, which sustained during the second year and was not different anymore at 36 months compared to baseline. In TW though, we did not find any change of NA during the entire follow-up. Even if some of these results show significant differences, they should be considered with caution, since there was no control group and the absolute differences are small. No association between affect and the level of sex steroids was observed. Baseline QoL and psychological burden are related to affect independently from gender but are not necessarily good predictors of the evolution of one’s affect during the gender-affirming process. Further research is necessary to investigate these preliminary results.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27233 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thaslima Nandhini Js ◽

Savitha Basker G ◽

Vishnupriya V

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Disease Condition ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disease condition characterized by truncal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance. An excessive circulating uric acid (UA) level even within normal range is always comorbid with metabolic syndrome and its components. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and serum UA level.Methods: A total of 60 subjects were divided into two groups of healthy (30 individuals) and metabolic syndrome patients (30 individuals) from dental outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected in the plain collection tubes and centrifuged, and then serum was separated. Then, the serum was used to analyze the fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides (TGLs), and serum UA by GOD-POD, enzymatic colorimetric, and uricase method, respectively. A statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Mean body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), TGL, and UA level of control group were 23.36±1.81, 84.45±13.1, 110.9±22.6, and 3.48±1.21 respectively. Mean BMI, FBS, TGL, and UA level of study group were 35.24±3.04, 122.85±23.3, 212.1±39.6 and 9.08±2.63 respectively. There is a significant difference between these two groups with p<0.0001.Conclusion: This study showed that those individuals with metabolic syndrome have higher UA level that indicates hyperuricemia which is a significant predictor of metabolic syndrome.

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Use of Trained Mothers to Teach Interviewing Skills to First-Year Medical Students: A Follow-up Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.60.2.165 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paula L. Stillman ◽

Darrell L. Sabers ◽

Doris L. Redfield

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

School Curriculum ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Feedback Session ◽

Optimal Learning ◽

Interviewing Skills ◽

One Year ◽

First Year Medical Students

This report describes an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of "trained mother" interviews early in the medical school curriculum. As an adjunct to a first-year course that teaches interviewing techniques, half of the students were exposed to an interview with one of three trained mothers early in the course. This treatment interview was immediately followed by a feedback session which concentrated on the content and process of interviewing. At the end of the course, all students had an evaluative interview. Those students who had an initial interview and feedback session with a trained mother scored significantly higher on both the content and process of their interviews than the control group. This technique is an effective and efficient way to teach interviewing skills to medical students prior to entering any of their clinical clerkships. A follow-up assessment conducted one year later indicated that one interview with a trained mother is sufficient for optimal learning and that the skills learned are retained over at least that period of time.

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Intravesical prostaglandin e2 effectiveness in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubo-cervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Urogynaecologia ◽

10.4081/uij.2000.15 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. QUADRI ◽

N. NATALE ◽

C. SPREAFICO ◽

C. BELLONI ◽

D. BARISANI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Urinary Retention ◽

Study Groups ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Exact Test ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 is effective in the recovery of spontaneous voiding after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. STUDY DESIGN: From November 1996 to June 1999 fifty women underwent the Lahodny procedure for moderate/severe cystocele and stress urinary incontinence. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 study groups: intravesical prostaglandin E2 versus controls. Data obtained were analyzed with the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Two patients of the treatment group had to be excluded from the study, one because of the wrong measurement of the post-voidal residual volume and another due to a fastidious burning sensation which appeared immediately after prostaglandin instillation and required the suspension of the treatment. No other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia were observed. Patients who underwent the prostaglandin E2 treatment showed a recovery of spontaneous voiding after 7.9±6.7 days, whereas this interval was significantly longer in the control group, being 12.9±9.7 days (p=0.04, Two tailed Unpaired Student's T test). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness and the low associated morbidity mark the treatment with intravesical prostaglandin E2 useful in the recovery of normal voiding after transvaginal pubocervical fascia reconstruction and short arm sling with the procedure according to Lahodny.

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Study of Relationship of Anemia among Edentulous Patients

Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.18034/mjmbr.v5i2.458 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 105-108

Author(s):

Lijo Isaac ◽

A. P. Nirmal Raj ◽

Reshma Karkera ◽

R Naveen Reddy

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

T Test ◽

Dental Status ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Edentulous Patients ◽

Student’S T ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Student’S T Test

Very little studies were done on relationship of the dental status and the nutritional status. The present study was done to study relation between edentulism and the presence of anemia. The study was included of 46 adult patients with edentulism and same numbers of patients were taken as controls. The results were tabulated and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 20 using student’s t test. The hemoglobin levels were lower in the edentulous patients that that of the control group. The present study had shown that the nutritional status were poor resulting in anemia in case of edentulous patients as compared to control group with the same age group.

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ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF EPIDURAL MORPHINE AND CLONIDINEIN PATIENTS UNDERGOING DECOMPRESSION OF THE LUMBAR CANAL: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL

Coluna/Columna ◽

10.1590/s1808-185120171603159402 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 188-192

Author(s):

BRUNO RONCAGLIO ◽

RAPHAEL FERNANDES CALHAU ◽

CHARBEL JACOB JÚNIOR ◽

IGOR MACHADO CARDOSO ◽

JOSÉ LUCAS BATISTA JÚNIOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidural Morphine ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Analgesic Efficacy ◽

Control Group ◽

Lumbar Arthrodesis ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Student’S T ◽

Microsoft Office ◽

Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing lumbar canal decompression using epidural morphine and clonidine at the Hospital Santa Casa de Vitória - ES, Brazil. Methods: Prospective, randomized study of 60 patients with stenosis of the lumbar canal up to two levels with surgical indication, in which decompression of the canal was performed in association with lumbar arthrodesis. In group 1 we performed conventional postoperative analgesia and in group 2, in addition to conventional analgesia, we associated epidural morphine and clonidine. We used VAS as a means of analyzing pain intensity at 1, 12, and 36 hours after surgery. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office/Excel and the software GraphPad Prism (San Diego, CA, USA). Results: The mean age of patients was 47 years, and 52% were female. The mean VAS in the first hour, 12th, and 36th hours after surgery in the control group was 5.44, 2.13, and 0.55 respectively. In the morphine-clonidine group it was 6.96; 2.21 and 0.60. Comparing one group with another in its absolute values through the Mann-Whitney test, as well as comparing the pain variations between the 1st and 12th hour (1h X 12h) and between the 12th hour and 36th hour (12h x 36h ) through Student’s t test it became clear that there was no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The addition of epidural morphine and clonidine to conventional analgesia is not beneficial to reduce postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar canal decompression.

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Classroom Standing Desks and Time-Series Variation in Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity among Primary School Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16111892 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 1892 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tetsuhiro Kidokoro ◽

Yasuo Shimizu ◽

Kanako Edamoto ◽

Michael Annear

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Time Series ◽

Primary School ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

School Children ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Control Group ◽

School Time ◽

Intensity Physical Activity

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of height-adjustable standing desks on time-series variation in sedentary behavior (SB) among primary school children. Thirty-eight children aged 11–12 years (22 boys and 16 girls) from two classes at a primary school in Nagano, Japan, participated in this study. One class was allocated as the intervention group and provided with individual standing desks for 6 months, and the other was allocated as the control group. Time spent in SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) was measured using accelerometers (ActiGraph) at baseline and follow-up. Time spent in SB was significantly lower by 18.3 min/day on average in the intervention class at follow-up (interaction effects: F(1, 36) = 4.95, p = 0.035, η2 = 0.082). This was accompanied by a significant increase in time spent in MVPA (+19.9 min/day on average). Our time-series analysis showed significant decreases in SB during school time, while no change in SB was found during non-school time. This result indicates that the use of standing desks promotes an overall reduction in SB with no compensatory increase during non-school time.

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Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.130595 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 178-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Koray Halicioglu ◽

Mevlut Celikoglu ◽

Suleyman K. Buyuk ◽

Ahmet E. Sekerci ◽

Celal Candirli

Keyword(s):

Asymmetry Index ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Anterior Crowding ◽

Mandibular Asymmetry ◽

Group I ◽

Student’S T ◽

Mandibular First Molar ◽

Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the following study is to investigate the mandibular vertical asymmetry in a group of patients with early unilateral mandibular first molar extractions. Materials and Methods: Mandibular asymmetry index measurements (condylar, ramal and condylar-plus-ramal) were performed on the panoramic radiographs of a study group including 51 patients (mean age: 18.60 ± 1.11 years) and a control group of 51 patients (mean age: 18.53 ± 1.29 years). Group I included patients with a unilateral mandibular first molar extracted before the age of 12 years. Group II included patients with no extractions and had excellent Class I relationships, no missing teeth and slight or moderate anterior crowding. A paired t-test was used to determine possible statistically significant differences between the sides for the measurements. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of asymmetry index values between the groups and genders. Results: No group showed statistically significant sex-or side-specific differences for posterior vertical height measurements. Condylar asymmetry index and ramal asymmetry index measurements were not statistically different between the groups, while condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index (CRAI) measurements were statistically different between the groups (P = 0.019). Conclusions: A slight difference for CRAI value was found in patients with early unilateral mandibular first molar extractions.

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Bizzy Break! The Effect of a Classroom-Based Activity Break on In-School Physical Activity Levels of Primary School Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.25.2.300 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 300-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Elaine Murtagh ◽

Maureen Mulvihill ◽

Oonagh Markey

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Control Group ◽

Step Counts ◽

Significant Difference

The school has been identified as a key setting to promote physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a classroom-based activity break on in-school step counts of primary school children. Data for 90 children (49 boys, 41 girls, 9.3 ± 1.4 years) from three Irish primary schools is presented. In each school one class was randomly assigned as the intervention group and another as controls. Children’s step counts were measured for five consecutive days during school hours at baseline and follow-up. Teachers of the intervention classes led a 10 min activity break in the classroom each day (Bizzy Break!). Mean daily in-school steps for the intervention at baseline and follow-up were 5351 and 5054. Corresponding values for the control group were 5469 and 4246. There was a significant difference in the change in daily steps from baseline to follow-up between groups (p < .05). There was no evidence that girls and boys responded differently to the intervention (p > .05). Children participating in a daily 10 min classroom-based activity break undertake more physical activity during school hours than controls.

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