Mapping the boundaries of soil horizons using ground-penetrating radar

Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin ◽

10.19047/0136-1694-2020-105-57-90 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-90

Author(s):

P. A. Ryazantsev

Keyword(s):

Soil Profile ◽

Structural Features ◽

Observation Error ◽

Soil Horizons ◽

Current State ◽

Different Types ◽

Diffracted Waves ◽

Average Observation ◽

Ground Penetrating

The article considers the role of GPR in solving problems of soil science, as well as the accuracy of tracking soil horizons using the example of field data. The study of the current state of the issue has shown that there is significant variability in the electrophysical properties of different types of soil. In this case, the dielectric constant of the soil horizons can both increase and decrease with depth. This fact determines the need for parameterization of the soil profile in GPR studies to prevent errors. Based on a generalizing analysis of practical examples, it has been established that the error in determining individual soil horizons by a GPR is on average 2–10 cm, depending on the frequency of the GPR antenna and the structural features of the soil. Experimental and methodological work to substantiate the main conclusions was carried out to trace the soil horizons by the GPR method using the example of typical entic podzol located on the Zaonezhsky Peninsula (Republic of Karelia), the structure and composition of which were described in detail earlier. The survey was carried out by a georadar OKO-2 (Logis-Geotech, Russia) with an antenna unit with a central frequency of 400 MHz. Fieldwork on the study site was carried out along separate transects, according to the reference soil profile. A detailed analysis of the radargrams provided, first of all, tracking the base of the BC horizon. The results obtained showed that the thickness of the soil within the profile varies from 23 to 32 cm, and the average observation error was ± 3 cm. Besides, the influence on the recording of shungite shale fragments and the differentiation of moisture content in the soil horizons was revealed. The presence of shungite shale leads to the formation of diffracted waves and an increase in the amplitudes of the reflected signal, while an increase in humidity is characterized by a decrease in the velocities of the electromagnetic wave.

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The Role of Archpriest Eugene Popov in Enhancing of the Anglican-Orthodox Dialog

Theological Herald ◽

10.31802/gb.2020.38.3.003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Ярослав Очканов

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

Structural Features ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Church Community ◽

Anglican Church ◽

Current State ◽

The Church

Статья посвящена исследованию малоизученной стороны деятельности видного русского священнослужителя протоиерея Евгения Попова, бывшего с 1842 по 1875 гг. настоятелем русской посольской церкви в Лондоне. Его служение на Английской земле совпало с углублением диалога между Русской Православной и Англиканской церквами, явившегося следствием религиозных преобразований в Англии в 1830 - 1840-е гг. Отец Евгений в рассматриваемый период фактически стал связующим звеном между русским церковноначалием и англиканами - инициаторами единения двух Церквей. Он проделал огромную работу по популяризации православия в Англии и много сделал для ознакомления русской церковной общественности с вероучением и структурными особенностями англиканства. Материалом для исследования послужили, прежде всего, письма протоиерея Евгения Попова обер-прокурорам Святейшего Синода Н. А. Протасову и А. П. Толстому. Эти документы являются своеобразными отчётами о современном состоянии Англиканской Церкви, о религиозных течениях в ней и усилиях, предпринимаемых определёнными церковными кругами в Англии по сближению с православием. Результаты его деятельности имели важное значение в последующие десятилетия, когда англикано-православный диалог вышел на церковно-государственный уровень. The article is devoted to the insufficiently studied aspects of Russian prominent cleric Archpriest Eugene Popov, rector of Russian Embassy Church in London from 1842 to 1875. His Ministry on the English soil coincided with the deepening of the dialogue between the Russian Orthodox and Anglican Churches, which was the result of religious transformations in England in the 1830s and 1840s. Father Eugene in the period under consideration actually became a connecting link between the Russian Church authorities and the anglicans-initiators of the union of the two Churches. He had done a great job by popularizing Orthodoxy in England and by familiarizing the Russian Church community with the doctrine and structural features of Anglicanism. The study, first of all, is based the letters of Archpriest Yevgeny Popov to the chief prosecutors of the Holy Synod N. A. Protasov and A. P. Tolstoy, which were original reports on the current state of the Anglican Church, it’s religious trends, and the efforts made by certain Church circles in England to get closer to Orthodoxy. The fruits of his activities were important in the following decades, when the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue reached the Church-state level.

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Australian English: Its Evolution and Current State

International Journal of Language Translation and Intercultural Communication ◽

10.12681/ijltic.11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Collins

Keyword(s):

Social Role ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Structural Features ◽

External Pressure ◽

National Standard ◽

Font Size ◽

Current State ◽

The Social ◽

Australian English

This paper provides a critical overview of research on Australian English (‘AusE’), and of the vexing questions that the research has grappled with. These include: What is the historical explanation for the homogeneity of the Australian accent? Was it formed by the fi rst generation of native-born Australians in the ‘Sydney mixing bowl’, its spread subsequently facilitated by high population mobility? Or is the answer to be found in sociolinguistic reconstructions of the early colony suggesting that a uniform London English was transplanted to Australia in 1788 and that speakers of other dialects quickly adapted to it? How is Australia’s national identity embodied in its lexicon, and to what extent is it currently under the infl uence of external pressure from American English? What are the most distinctive structural features of AusE phonology, morphosyntax and discourse? To what extent do allegedly unique Australian features such as sentence-final but and yeah-no in discourse serve the social role of indexing ‘Australianness’? What is the nature and extent of variation – regional, social and ethnic – in contemporary AusE? Are such regional phonological differences as /æ/~/a/ variation increasing or diminishing? Does there exist a pan-ethnic variety of AusE that is particularly associated with younger Australians of second generation Middle Eastern and Mediterranean background? Has contemporary AusE consolidated its own norms as an independent national standard?

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Oxidative Stress and the Neurovascular Unit

Life ◽

10.3390/life11080767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 767

Author(s):

Carmela Rinaldi ◽

Luigi Donato ◽

Simona Alibrandi ◽

Concetta Scimone ◽

Rosalia D’Angelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Neurovascular Unit ◽

Brain Cells ◽

Cell Type ◽

Current State ◽

Different Types ◽

Single Cell Type ◽

The Relationship ◽

Brain Homeostasis

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a relatively recent concept that clearly describes the relationship between brain cells and their blood vessels. The components of the NVU, comprising different types of cells, are so interrelated and associated with each other that they are considered as a single functioning unit. For this reason, even slight disturbances in the NVU could severely affect brain homeostasis and health. In this review, we aim to describe the current state of knowledge concerning the role of oxidative stress on the neurovascular unit and the role of a single cell type in the NVU crosstalk.

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Slobidski ensembles as centers of aristocratic culture: museificstion aspect

Науково-теоретичний альманах Грані ◽

10.15421/172095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

Olha Birova

Keyword(s):

Military Service ◽

Documentary Evidence ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

New Class ◽

Current State ◽

Different Types ◽

Architectural Structures ◽

Local Traditions ◽

Aristocratic Culture

The article considers the issue of formation the aristocratic manor culture and describes the museification features of aristocratic ensembles. It has been found that this topic, despite its popularity in recent years, remains little studied. Especially the issue of museification historical and cultural heritage sites. The paper analyzes different types of sources and literature.The peculiarities of the formation the aristocratic class of Slobodidska Ukraine, who received noble titles only for military service are highlighted. A new class of society tried to imitate the Polish nobility and the Russian nobility, creating their own aristocratic attributes, which did not always have documentary evidence. The role of representatives of the middle nobility, which was actively engaged in culture and education, was determined. It was the local intelligentsia that created a distinctive culture, that absorbed European achievements and local traditions. It is established that the centers of aristocratic culture were country estates, which combined architectural and garden parts. Defined a symbolic aspect of manor culture, which is clearly manifested in the art of park construction. The activity of the local nobility in the creation of architectural structures and English parks in the estates is considered. The article analyzes peculiarities of museification of manor ensembles as complex monuments. The current state of ensemble-type monuments in Kharkov region is characterized. In the article are listed prospects of museification for the tourist development of the region and the revival of historical and cultural heritage.The conclusions provide recommendations on the possibility of modern use of aristocratic ensembles as centers of aristocratic manor culture.

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Evaluation of ground penetrating radar and vertical electrical sounding methods to determine soil horizons and bedrock at the locality Dehtáře

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/6/2012-swr ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Nováková ◽

M. Karous ◽

A. Zajíček ◽

M. Karousová

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Geophysical Methods ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽

Soil Horizons ◽

Experimental Site ◽

Crystalline Bedrock ◽

Electrical Sounding ◽

Ground Penetrating

Recently, geophysical methods have been widely used in many fields including pedology. Two of them, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) were employed at the Dehtáře experimental site with the aim to evaluate their application in the Cambisol and Stagnosol soil types and crystalline bedrock survey in Czech conditions. These measurements were complemented by the classical soil survey using a gouge auger. As a result, interpreted soil and rock environment profiles were obtained, with the identification of boundaries of Bg, C, and R soil horizons and bedrock at various degrees of weathering. The interpretation of measurement records demonstrated suitability of the VES and GPR method application, using GPR for imaging the soil profile and the top of bedrock, while the VES method gave better results in imaging greater depths. The research demonstrated advantages of the geophysical methods such as instancy, continuous imaging, and no disturbance of the subsurface. In spite of needing classical survey data for interpretation of the results obtained by the geophysical methods, their usage can bring better quality to the soil profile imaging.

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Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053310 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 118-119

Author(s):

U. Aebi ◽

P. Rew ◽

T.-T. Sun

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Cell Types ◽

Structural Features ◽

Molecular Architecture ◽

The Past ◽

Keratin Filaments ◽

Different Types ◽

10 Nm Filaments ◽

Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

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Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000440 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (3-4) ◽

pp. 127-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zeshan Ali ◽

Zhenbin Wang ◽

Rai Muhammad Amir ◽

Shoaib Younas ◽

Asif Wali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Review Paper ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Active Role ◽

Current Review ◽

Different Types ◽

Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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HAZARD: An Expert System for Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1635482 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (01) ◽

pp. 13-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. W. Gottinger

Keyword(s):

Expert System ◽

Structural Information ◽

Chemical Carcinogenesis ◽

Structural Features ◽

Environmental Chemicals ◽

Chemical Carcinogens ◽

Carcinogenic Activity ◽

Current State ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Carcinogenic Potential

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to report on an expert system in design that screens for potential hazards from environmental chemicals on the basis of structure-activity relationships in the study of chemical carcinogenesis, particularly with respect to analyzing the current state of known structural information about chemical carcinogens and predicting the possible carcinogenicity of untested chemicals. The structure-activity tree serves as an index of known chemical structure features associated with carcinogenic activity. The basic units of the tree are the principal recognized classes of chemical carcinogens that are subdivided into subclasses known as nodes according to specific structural features that may reflect differences in carcinogenic potential among chemicals in the class. An analysis of a computerized data base of known carcinogens (knowledge base) is proposed using the structure-activity tree in order to test the validity of the tree as a classification scheme (inference engine).

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The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661166 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (02) ◽

pp. 172-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

P R Kelsey ◽

K J Stevenson ◽

L Poller

Keyword(s):

Screening Method ◽

Coagulation Factors ◽

Phosphatidyl Serine ◽

Test System ◽

Specific Factor ◽

Marginal Effect ◽

Constant Composition ◽

Lupus Anticoagulants ◽

Different Types

SummaryLiposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition.The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant’s effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.

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REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology ◽

10.33623/0579-9406-2018-1-100-106 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 100-106

Author(s):

M. S. Sudakova ◽

M. L. Vladov ◽

M. R. Sadurtdinov

Keyword(s):

Reflection Coefficient ◽

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Water Contamination ◽

Survey Design ◽

Direct And Inverse Problems ◽

The Difference ◽

Ground Penetrating ◽

Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

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