scholarly journals METAFORIČKA ZNAČENJA ENGLESKOG PRIDEVA HARD I SRPSKOG PRIDEVA TVRD

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Ana Halas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Considerable Similarity ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into

Analiza predstavljena u ovom radu obuhvata identifikaciju pojmovnih metafora aktivnih u semantičkoj disperziji engleskog prideva hard i srpskog prideva tvrd, kao i utvrđivanje njihove produktivnosti. Cilj analize je poređenje metaforičkih obrazaca i njihove produktivnosti u semantičkim strukturama dva analizirana prideva, a time i sticanje uvida u sličnosti i razlike između engleskog i srpskog jezika u pogledu konceptualizacije apstraktnijih pojmova pomoću pojma fizičkog svojstva tvrdoće. Rezultati izvršene analize pokazuju da postoji značajan broj pojmovnih metafora zajedničkih za semantičke strukture prideva hard i tvrd, što ukazuje na visok stepen sličnosti između engleskog i srpskog jezika u pogledu konceptualizacije apstraktnih domena polazeći od fizičkog svojstva tvrdoće kao izvornog domena. Međutim, pomenuti zajednički pojmovni obrasci nisu jednako produktivni u semantičkim strukturama dva prideva, a takođe utvrđeni su i slučajevi u kojima su na osnovu istog pojmovnog obrasca izvedena različita značenja u dvema strukturama.    Ključne reči: polisemična struktura, semantička disperzija, pojmovna metafora, metaforički obrazac, domen tvrdoće, metaforičko značenje, engleski jezik, srpski jezik. In this paper, there have been identified conceptual metaphors activated in the semantic dispersion of the English adjective hard and the Serbian adjective tvrd. Also, there has been determined the productivity of each of the identified metaphorical patterns in sense derivation. The aim of the analysis has been to compare the mentioned patterns and their productivity in the semantic structures of the two adjectives. Such a comparison has provided an insight into similarities and differences between English and Serbian concerning the conceptualization of abstract notions using the notion of physical hardness as a source domain. The results of the analysis have shown that most of the identified metaphorical patterns are common for both semantic structures in question. Therefore, it has been concluded that there is a considerable similarity between English and Serbian taking into account the conceptualization of abstract notions using the notion of hardness as a source domain. However, the given common patterns are not equally productive in the two semantic structures. What is more, it is a frequent case that, on the basis of the same conceptual metaphor, completely different senses have been derived in the semantic structures of the two adjectives. Key words: polysemous structure, semantic dispersion, conceptual metaphor, metaphorical pattern, domain of hardness, metaphorical sense, English, Serbian.     

scholarly journals Metaphor and Collocation. The Case of REIÐI

Orð og tunga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Yuki Minamisawa
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper investigates metaphorical expressions of anger in Icelandic (reiði), based on conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson 1980, see section 2.1). In recent years, many studies have been carried out to describe how we understand emotions using conceptual metaphors. Special attention has been paid to the emotion of anger, for which a certain number of conceptual metaphors have been proposed (e.g. Kövecses 1990, 2000; Lakoff 1987). Recently, studies have increasingly focused on cross-linguistic similarities and differences (e.g. Kövecses 1995, 2005; Matsuki 1995, Soriano 2003), finding more or less similar conceptual metaphors in different languages.

scholarly journals A Cognitive-Semantic Study of Conceptual Metaphors in English News Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hoshang Farooq Jawad ◽  
Aram Kamil Noori
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Political News ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Conversational Language

This study explores how the development of the conceptual metaphor theory opened new horizons into the way language can be manipulated in the portrayal of the world and our immediate and distant environment of which news, including political news are part. Moreover, political news is the most pervasive type we continually come into contact in our daily communication.  Conceptual metaphor is a relation between two conceptual domains, namely, source domain which is concrete, and target domain which is abstract. For example, ARGUMENT IS WAR. We conceptualize and understand "ARGUMENT", the target domain, in terms of "WAR", and the source domain via a process called "mapping". The goal of the study is to carry out a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors used in political news reports and how reports of the two newspapers construe political issues reflected in their reports. Accordingly, the study aims to provide answers to such questions as:  How common are conceptual metaphors in English news reports of the online political register?  What types of conceptual metaphors are used in news reports in English newspapers?  How conceptual metaphors are experimentally based to human beings' life experiences? Based upon these research questions, it is hypothesized that Conceptual metaphors are argued to be as common in the news reports of the political register as they are in daily conversational language. Some types of conceptual metaphors are argued to be more common than others in the register in question. Moreover, all the conceptual metaphors are argued to have experiential bases which are related to our life experiences. Index Terms— conceptual metaphor, source domain, target domain, invariance principle, news reports.

scholarly journals Metaphorical Blends (Case Study of Metaphorization of Concept BOOK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01171
Author(s):  
Natalia Berezhnykh ◽  
Natalia Sivtseva ◽  
Tatiana Skopintseva ◽  
Assia Kontrimovich
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Metaphorical Mapping ◽  
The Given ◽  
Blended Spaces

The article deals with the mechanism of creating metaphor in the context of the theory of conceptual integration. A particular emphasis is laid on the basic theses of the theory of conceptual metaphor and the theory of conceptual integration. The comparison of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphor and G. Fauconnier and M. Turner’s theory of conceptual integration is carried out. The analysis of the examples of metaphorical mapping of the concept BOOK is conducted and three conceptual metaphors of the given concept (the target domain) are defined. Each conceptual metaphor is described, the input spaces, generic and blended spaces are defined. The integrated roles and emergent properties and structures are determined and explained.

Blood metaphors and metonymies in Jordanian Arabic

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseel Zibin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract This study aims to examine the target concepts of metaphorical and metonymical uses of blood in Jordanian Arabic (JA) through adopting Conceptual Metaphor Theory as based on the notion of main meaning focus (Kövecses, 2010, 2011) as a theoretical framework. A 40,000 words specialized corpus was built for the purpose of this study. Data was analyzed employing WordSmith Tools (version 6), which enables the processing of Arabic data. The results reveal that blood as a source domain can be used to conceptualize character traits, essence and emotion in JA through metonymy-based-metaphors and scenic metaphors in which the source domain is constructed metonymically. Similarities and differences were detected between JA and other languages investigated in the literature. Similarities were ascribed to cognitive embodiment of bodily substances, i.e., blood, to conceptualize abstract concepts such as character traits and emotion, while differences were attributed to socio-cultural embodiment of certain qualities of blood shared by members of the Jordanian community.

scholarly journals Conceptual metaphors in taboo-induced lexical variation

2011 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliecer Crespo Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Lexical Variation ◽  
Conceptual Network ◽  
Insight Into

Taboo is deeply woven into every culture and society, which is obviously reflected in vocabulary. Indeed, taboo keeps language users from avoiding the forbidden concept and compels them to preserve or violate it, which leads to endless series of cross varietal synonyms for forbidden concepts. In this process, though metaphor stands out as a potent source for euphemistic and dysphemistic reference, the analysis of conceptual metaphor in the Lakoffian tradition as a X-phemistic device has not been dealt with in depth so far. In this regard, the main aim of this paper is twofold: to gain an insight into the process of metaphorical X-phemistic lexical replacements triggered by taboo and explore the role the process of lexicalization of metaphorical units plays in sex and death-related X-phemistic vocabulary. The analysis undertaken demonstrates that whereas lexicalized metaphorical units are deprived of their capacity to conceptualize the taboo in particular terms, both semi-lexicalized and creative metaphors suit the purpose of euphemism and dysphemism by conceptualizing a taboo topic within a conceptual network, which accounts for the X-phemistic function of metaphorical items.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDIES OTHELLO, HAMLET, KING LEAR AND MACBETH – LIFE AND DEATH (KONCEPTUALNA METAFORA U ŠEKSPIROVIM TRAGEDIJAMA OTELO, HAMLET, KRALJ LIR I MAKBET – ŽIVOT I SMRT)

2019 ◽  
Vol X (28) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Mirka Ćirović
Keyword(s):  
King Lear ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

This work analyzes conceptual metaphors in metaphorical linguistic expressions which are extracted from Shakespeare’s four major plays Othello, Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth. Metaphorical linguistic expressions selected from the plays refer to abstract concepts of life and death, which preoccupied Shakespeare in his tragedies. In order to understand the four plays mentioned and individual lines in them, it is very importnat to gain insight into how Shakespeare’s characters, Shakespeare himself and man in general reason about existential questions and questions of purpose which have always been the subject of our contemplation. By identifying and analyzing conceptual metaphors in the base of metaphorical linguistic expressions that talk about life and death, we will be able to illustrate the process of mapping that goes on between the source and target domains. The mapping process will clearly indicate how it is that we understand and reason about abstract concepts of life and death while relying on concrete and physical concepts from our vicinity. Conceptual metaphors given in small caps such as life is theatre or death is sleep mean that expressions exactly like these are not to be found in Shakespeare’s plays. They are a mechanism that we all have and use to understand thoughts of immense philosophical power and psychological depth. This same mechanism is also used by the greatest of writers and poets in the expression of their literary genious. Key Words: conceptual metaphor, life, death, etaphorical linguistic expression, mapping, source domain, target domain, Shakespeare, Othello, Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth

scholarly journals Direction Metaphors in Political Discourse: Imran Khan and the Rhetoric of Change

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Lubna Umar ◽  
Umaima Kamran ◽  
Zubair Khan
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Critical Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Journey Metaphors are among the most pervasive source domains used both in daily life and in political discourse as they follow a clearcut source-path-goal schema where the direction is a fundamental element. The crossdomain mapping between source and target domains is a means of gaining insight into the cognitive activity of the speaker. Metaphors of the journey are widely used in the political discourse generated by Imran Khan with special emphasis upon direction. Metaphorical expressions identified from speeches of Imran in both English and Urdu language have been analyzed using the Critical Metaphor Analysis approach given by Charteris-Black (2005) where linguistic metaphors have been interpreted semantically, pragmatically and in cognition to generate conceptual metaphors. Khan’s obsession with direction activates the PAKISTAN IS OFF TRACK conceptual metaphor necessitating a journey of change under his leadership. He highlights the failures of others to evoke images of a destructive past from which freedom becomes essential.

scholarly journals Conceptual metaphors of TIME in translation: The Seasons by Kristijonas Donelaitis

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Eglė Vaivadaitė-Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Specific Factors

This research focuses on conceptual TIME metaphors in Kristijonas Donelaitis’s The Seasons in order to supplement a so far scarce research in Lithuania of conceptual metaphors in translation, as time metaphors constitute fundamental aspects of culture and communication (Lakoff, Turner 1989). The present research aims to 1) analyze conceptual time metaphors in The Seasons and systemize them; 2) determine whether the metaphors are preserved in the translations of The Seasons: into Spanish (Caro Dugo 2013), English (Tempest 1985) and German (Passarge 1999).Text fragments were selected from The Seasons with hyponyms of the time concept which were analyzed based on the methodology of conceptual metaphors. Linguistic aspects of conceptual metaphors were compared with the mentioned translations. All the examples were analyzed based on the methodology of translation of linguistic aspects of conceptual metaphors as specified by Kövecses (2005).The following conceptual time metaphors were found in The Seasons: TIME IS OBJECT, TIME IS VOLUME, TIME IS LIMITED RIGHTS, TIME IS PLANT, TIME IS FOOD, TIME IS FESTIVAL, TIME IS MOVING OBJECT, TIME IS CHARACTER, TIME IS HUMAN, TIME IS ANIMAL.By comparing the linguistic aspects of the conceptual time metaphors in The Seasons by Donelaitis and the way they are rendered across several languages, it was determined that most often the conceptual metaphor in translation is preserved, i.e. the conceptual metaphor as well as its literal and figurative meaning are the same in both the original text and the translation. Only one case was found when the literal meaning and the underlying conceptual metaphors were different in the original and all three translations; however, the figurative meaning is maintained. In some cases the conceptual metaphor and its linguistic expression are different in the original text and the translation. Such cases probably occur due to the fact that the translator chooses a different source domain, which changes the conceptual metaphor and the mappings. Another reason could be concerned with the translator’s decision to distance himself/herself from the original due to linguistic and cultural aspects or text-specific factors.

“Froome with His SKY Bodyguards, Layers of Armour”: The ‘Sport is War’ Conceptual Metaphor in Grand Tour Cycling Commentary

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Ross ◽  
Damian J. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Competition Strategy ◽  
Grand Tour ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Tour De France ◽  
War Metaphor ◽  
Insight Into

The incorporation of metaphors into everyday language use has formed the basis of scholarly investigation for decades. Particular attention has been given to conceptual metaphors, which are seen as essential tools for individuals to interpret and process various ideas and experiences. Within the milieu of metaphorical speech, metaphors of war have frequently been applied across a range of domains including politics, business, and sport. Within the sporting context, the notion of ‘Sport is War’ has been discussed in relation to various football codes, baseball, and tennis. In this article, we examine this metaphor in relation to professional stage-race cycling, a sport known for its combative, tactical, and physically demanding nature. We focus specifically on cycling commentary of the 2016 Tour de France—thus recalibrating the metaphor as ‘Cycling is War.’ Our findings show that war metaphors are prevalent in cycling commentary and are particularly useful in highlighting aspects of the sport inclusive of competition, strategy, power, teamwork, and sportsmanship. Through these categories, the cycling is war metaphor can be said to have the potential to elevate viewer engagement as well as add insight into the technicalities of the sport and expand on previous understandings of sport/war metaphors.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF SPRING IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE SONG LYRICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Sy Thi Thom
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper summarily reports the results of a study which attempts to identify conceptual metaphors of spring through their representations called metaphorical expressions in English and Vietnamese song lyrics from the cognitive perspective based on the theory of conceptual metaphors initiated by Lakoff and Johnson, with the work Metaphor We Live by (1980a). The data collected from 205 English and Vietnamese songs (98 and 107 songs respectively) from the 20th century to the present consist of 736 metaphorical expressions. By employing description as the main method with the assistance of comparative method, and utilizing the procedure of conceptual metaphor identification (Steen, 1999, p. 73), the study unveils the similarities and differences of conceptual metaphors of spring in English and Vietnamese songs. The results reveal that English and Vietnamese share 12 conceptual metaphors of spring (out of 20 ones in total). Moreover, the explanations are given to elaborate on these results in terms of culture, including people’s living experiences and environment.

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