scholarly journals Globalization: the New Challenges to the Sciences

2020 ◽  
pp. 511-528
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Yanitsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Business Politics ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Political Economic

Our world including Russia as well as all sciences have recently encountered with unprecedented critical situation. Actually, it’s already a hybrid war against humanity, and a technologically-constructed world is incapable to meet a couple of the above challenges. The interactions of the political, economic, social, climatic and biological processes are clearly showed that a mono-disciplinary method of global studies has been insufficient. The globalization should be investigated as an interdisciplinary phenomenon which is developing in the space– time parameters. Accordingly, humanity isn’t an object of their complex impact but as the active agent of their prevention. And this agent is a union of various sciences, political forces and civil organizations. If nowadays a biological challenge came to the forefront but tomorrow it may be replaced by the geopolitical or climatic issues. But up to now humanity rejects to recognize the natural forces are the same factor of global transformations as a business, politics, sciences and new technologies. It’s one more reason to see the current situation as the critical one. We have to understand that we aren’t in an economic or political crises but it’s a do crucial state of humanity and its living environment. Therefore, recently, our main goal not a sustainable development but the mobilization of all resources at hands in order to save humanity combines with critical comprehension of current global geopolitics and scientific and technological achievements. I’m deeply convinced that Russian sociology is able to play a leading role in that work.

scholarly journals Defending the Truth and Counter Information Warfare in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Silviu Nate ◽  
Aurelian Rațiu
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
New Information ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
False News ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Collective

Abstract Information warfare has gained new valences, although some states have historical roots in developing subversive and manipulative tactics; the action pattern is supported today by the use of new information propagation vectors, access to new technologies, and a mix of themes with political, economic, military, cultural and social collective interest. The aim of the propaganda is that the aggressor demoralizes and minimizes the trust of citizens in domestic institutions and policies. Hypotheses and work themes are combined with false news, counterfeit media, capable of creating ambiguity. On such a media of open sources, non-kinetic threats and elements of the hybrid war manifest themselves in the information space and create the ambiguity much hoped to diminish the establishment that reflects the aggressor’s opposition. The study presents relevant cases and recommendations for members of the Euro-Atlantic community related to the management of Russian information actions.

Group Communication in City Planning Decisions (on the example urban projects of Moscow region)

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Samoylova ◽  
O.A. Zhirkov ◽  
S.V. Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Political Economic

The authors set out the basics of urban planning policy and represent the capabilities of modern information and communication tools for an integrated way of fixing the material and intangible world for urban planning purposes in the living environment (material and spatial environment). Namely, the possibilities of communication in the field of urban planning development carried out in the context of many circumstances cover federal, regional, municipal and corporate levels of management, while taking into account political, economic, social and technological relevant factors, as well as historical and national special aspects and urban planning typology of territories. The authors describe the operation of the developed computer program Decision Support Solutions (DSS) for evaluating decision options by interested participants in urban planning activities for various urban planning types of territories. The relevance of the article is driven by the need for practical use and legalization of the presented communicative interaction. This will facilitate the identification and solution of conflicts at the pre-project stage of urban planning, as should help to consider the requirements of consumers and their support for ongoing decisions and actions of public authorities at all levels.

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A HYBRID WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
A.S. MAKSIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Verbal Model

This article is devoted to identifying and characterizing the threat to national security of Russian Federation in the context of a hybrid war. The main aim of the study is to assume that the huge problem for national security of Russia today is the threat of a hybrid nature. This paper proposes the author's classification of hybrid threats, which made it possible to distinguish five functional groups of threats («triads») ‒ in the spiritual and socio-cultural, military-political, economic, information and international legal spheres. The specificity of the «triads» is that each of the three elements of the «triad» is capable of producing the appearance of the second and third elements of the «triad» and maintaining their activity. A variant of ranking «triads» according to the level of their threat intensity is presented, the rates of their intensification in the short term were determined. According to the author's conclusions, the synchronous activity of the «triads» creates a synergistic effect, exerting a complicated negative impact on the state of national security of Russia. The novelty of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, are the classification of hybrid threats and the verbal model of the functioning of the «triads» of threats. The findings of the study can contribute to the development of effective techniques and strategies for countering hybrid threats to national security of Russia.

Contextualizing private sector-based seed system development: The case of sorghum in Eastern Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110563
Author(s):  
Caroline Hambloch ◽  
Jane Kahwai ◽  
John Mugonya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
System Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Farming Households

Private sector-based seed system development remains a key development intervention in Sub-Saharan Africa. Seed system interventions promoting the adoption of improved varieties through the private sector generally follow a linear, market-oriented technological adoption logic. A qualitative case study of the sorghum seed system in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania demonstrates that this model may not be able to drive the broad-scale adoption of improved sorghum varieties and to generate significant benefits for small sorghum-farming households. The findings suggest that the agro-ecological, social, and political-economic contexts critically determine the role improved varieties and the private sector can play in rural development. Improved sorghum varieties promoted by both the public and private sectors may not suit the needs, preferences and contexts of farming households. Seed companies hold sorghum as an add-on in their portfolio, investing less resources and research into sorghum compared to more profitable crops such as vegetable and maize seeds. Significant political-economic obstacles exist that favor the support of cash crops such as maize and rice, limiting the growth and development of the private sector in the sorghum seed system. We conclude that future interventions should build on approaches that aim to develop more diverse channels of seed delivery in both the formal and informal seed systems, adopt a livelihoods perspective to evaluate the costs, benefits, and risks associated with the adoption of new technologies, and acknowledge that seed system interventions are only one out of a portfolio of interventions to generate rural development.

Party System Transformation in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
F. Basov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Party System ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
The One

This article is devoted to the changes of the party system of Germany. In recent years, the transformation of the party system has caused several political crises. Party spectrum is pluralized and polarized in Germany. Regional differences also increase. In this situation, the German parties are in search of new dynamics. The consequence of this is that all the main parties are now factional. The system that existed in Germany for more than half a century, with the dominance of two political forces (CDU/CSU and SPD), gradually evolved into the “one and a half” party system (only CDU/CSU dominates). The question is whether evolution will continue towards simple multi-party system, or the “one and a half” party system will remain. With a significant degree of certainty, one can say that a return to a “two and a half” party system is impossible. Changes in the party-political system lead to an increase in the diversity of the composition of the coalitions ruling in Germany. German political parties should learn how to create coalitions of three political forces, also at the federal level. The main trend of the coming years for CDU, CSU and SPD will be an attempt to return to their traditional platforms. However, a full return is impossible. More frequent red-red-green coalitions can be expected, including the federal level. But, nevertheless, serious changes in the German party system did not lead to its chronic incapacity – the system adapted to them.

scholarly journals Cultures of Victory and the Political Consequences of Foundational Legitimacy in Croatia and Kosovo

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-824
Author(s):  
Mieczysław P. Boduszyński ◽  
Vjeran Pavlaković
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Way

What are the consequences of a culture of victory in countries undergoing new state formation and democratic transition? In this article, we examine ‘foundational legitimacy,’ or a hegemonic narrative about the way in which a new state was created, and the role particular groups played in its creation. We argue that the way in which victory is institutionalized can pose a grave threat to the democratic project. If reconciliation and democratization depend of integrating losers into the new order and recognizing plural narratives of state formation, then exclusivist narratives based on foundational legitimacy pose a direct challenge to both. We focus on two Yugoslav successor states, Kosovo and Croatia. For both cases, we trace how appeals to ‘foundational legitimacy’ by groups that claim a leading role in the struggle for independence fostered a politics of exclusion, which ran counter to both the spirit of democracy. In Croatia, foundational legitimacy was partly challenged after 2000 by reformist political forces, though more recently it has re-appeared in political life. In Kosovo, foundational legitimacy was never successfully challenged and continues to shape political dynamics to the present day.

Ecological Design Strategy of High-Tech Architecture

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 3186-3189
Author(s):  
Zhao Ming Hou ◽  
Jia Wei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Ecological Problems

Contemporary high-tech buildings pursue ecological design. Through the use of new technologies, new materials and advanced scientific means to solve ecological problems. By improving energy efficiency, reducing consumption of non-renewable resources, making full use of clean energy, architects create an ideal living environment.

scholarly journals OSSETIAN-PERSIAN SOCIAL-POLITICAL RELATIONS AND KINSHIP IN THE XIX - EARLY XXth CENTURIES

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.Т. МАРЗОЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Interests ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Interethnic Interaction ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relationship Of

Актуальность исследования историко-культурных отношений народов Осетии и Ирана в наши дни во многом обусловлена историческим развитием взаимоотношений этих этносов на протяжении предшествующих веков. Хронологические рамки охватывают период с XIX века до начала XX века – время активного взаимодействия Осетии и Персии. Основное внимание в работе уделено анализу социально-политических, хозяйственно-экономических и этнокультурных контактов, складывавшихся в указанный хронологический период между представителями осетинского и иранского народов. Для достижения обозначенной цели нами использовались общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза: историко-генетический, описательно-повествовательный, историко-сравнительный, историко-типологический, сравнительно-исторический и историко-биографический. В результате проведенного исследования делается следующий вывод: в рассматриваемый период Осетия, занимавшая стратегически важное географическое положение на Кавказе, была вовлечена в сферу политических и экономических интересов Персидского государства в регионе. Как правило, главными и активными участниками межэтнического взаимодействия являются этнические элиты. Национальная элита Осетии в отношениях с Персией также играла ведущую роль, следствием чего явились тесные политические и экономические контакты, а также браки, заключаемые в исследуемый период осетинскими привилегированными фамилиями с персидско-подданными. В работе синтезируются материалы, полученные из исторических документов, произведений устного народного творчества и генеалогических источников. The relevance of the study of historical and cultural relations between the peoples of Ossetia and Iran today is largely due to the historical development of the relationship of these ethnic groups over the past centuries. The chronological framework covers the period from the XIXth century to the beginning of the XXth century - the time of active interaction between Ossetia and Persia. The main attention is paid to the analysis of socio-political, economic and ethno-cultural contacts that developed during the specified chronological period between representatives of the Ossetian and Iranian peoples. To achieve the stated goal, we used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis: historical-genetic, descriptive-narrative, historical-comparative, historical-typological, comparative-historical and historical-biographical methods. As a result of the study, the following conclusion is made: during the period under review, Ossetia, which occupied a strategically important geographical position in the Caucasus, was involved in the sphere of political and economic interests of the Persian state in the region. As a rule, the main and active participants in interethnic interaction are ethnic elites. The national elite of Ossetia in relations with Persia also played a leading role, which resulted in close political and economic contacts, as well as marriages concluded during the study period by Ossetian privileged surnames with Persian subjects. The work synthesizes materials obtained from historical documents, works of folklore and genealogical sources.

scholarly journals Uniwersytet podczas informacyjnego tsunami

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Face ◽  
Advanced Robotics ◽  
Recognition Software ◽  
The University

Luciano Floridi and Nick Srnicek claims that with a decline in manufacturing profitability, capitalism has turned to data as one way to maintain economic growth in the face of a slow production sector. In the twenty-first century data have become central to firms and their relations with workers and customers (Floridi, 2013; Srnicek 2017). The platform has emerged as a new model, capable of extracting and controlling immense amounts of data, and with this shift we have seen the rise of monopolistic firms. We are told that today we are living in an age of massive transformation. Platforms, big data, additive manufacturing, advanced robotics, machine learning, and the internet of things – create our current living environment. In the presented text I am going to ask what is the place of the university in such a new digital constellation? What are universities for in the time of platform capitalism? My main line of reasoning follows to idea of “entrepreneurial state”. An innovative university is understood as an analogue of an “entrepreneurial state”. Mariana Mazzucato has convincingly demonstrated that developments like railways, the internet, computing, supersonic flight, space travel, satellites, pharmaceuticals, voice-recognition software, nanotechnology, touchscreensand clean energy have all been nurtured and guided by states, not corporations. During the golden postwar era of research and development, two-thirds of research and development was publicly funded. High-risk inventions and new technologies are too risky for private capitalists to invest in (Mazzucato, 2014; Srnicek, Williams, 2015). Socializing of the risk and privatization of profits – this is the main climate of “non-innovative capitalism”.

scholarly journals Responding to Global Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Michael Fabinyi ◽  
Kate Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the wider processes of political-economic change that drive key characteristics of fishing livelihoods. Globalisation has dramatically expanded the scale and accelerated the pace of fisheries capture and trade, generating new opportunities and challenges for livelihoods and marine environments. Here we document some of the major characteristics of the history of fishing across the Asia-Pacific, before focusing on case studies of the Philippines and PNG. We highlight three related features of globalisation that have influenced fishing livelihoods and that continue to shape them today: migration, engagement with markets and new technologies, and interactions with other forms of economic activity, including those outside the fisheries sector.

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