scholarly journals Evaluation du risque de la présence du vecteur de la fièvre catarrhale ovine basée sur des systèmes d'information géographiques et la modélisation statistique

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
S. A. Pacheco ◽  
Y. M. Vaz ◽  
K. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
Systèmes D’Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
North Western

Bluetongue (BT) is among the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) listed diseases due to its potential for rapid spread and serious economic impact on livestock. Because of its epidemiology, in Europe, only Southern countries were affected by the disease in the past. However in the latter half of 2006, an unprecedented outbreak of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 occurred in North-Western European countries. To define potential regions that are at risk for BT epidemics it is essential to study vector distribution and abundance. This study focused on BT vector spread, mostly in Austria. The objective was to produce risk maps with the more likely areas for vector occurrence and thus to support BT prevention and control. The introductory review gives an overview of the epidemiology of the disease with a focus on the vectors, the recent outbreaks in North-Western Europe, and the importance of statistical model­ling and geographical information systems (GIS) in predicting, preventing and controlling BT.  The statistical analysis was mainly based on data from the Austrian entomological surveillance system, weather stations and topo­graphical information. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to the data to predict the occurrence of BTV vectors and subsequently to create risk maps for the whole country. Despite the fact that the limited nature of the data does not allow precise estimation, in general the models indicated that vectors occurred in preferential areas where they could be very abundant. A more detailed analysis should be carried out with a multidisciplinary team including epidemiologists, biologists, meteorologists, ento­mologists, and statisticians, so that the complexity of BT epide­miology may be better understood, and a more efficient process of prevention and control of the disease may be set up.

scholarly journals Modélisation de la survenue des vecteurs de la fièvre catarrhale ovine à l'aide des systèmes d'information géographiques et de la télédétection

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
H. Martins ◽  
T. Nunes ◽  
Fernando Boinas
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Systèmes D’Information

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious non-contagious disease which mainly affects domestic ruminants. It is caused by an arbovirus (BTV) from the family Reoviridae and its transmission is com­monly associated with an intermediate arthropod host from the genus Culicoides. Culicoides imicola is the main vector of BTV in the Mediterranean Basin. Entomological surveillance programmes make it possible to collect continuously data of vital importance for the spatial and temporal investigation of BT vector distribution. In May 2005, Portugal has implemented this programme, which is providing a considerable amount of data concerning the abundance, and spatial and temporal dis­tribution of several Culicoides species. Remote sensing is the process of acquiring data about a geographical object through several aircrafts or satellites built-in sensors and thus allowing the collection of useful information to characterize biophysical, climatic and environmental variables. Some of these variables influence survival, development and dispersion of BT vectors. The combination of satellite imagery and entomological surveil­lance data using geographical information systems (GIS) helps to develop models for the prediction of spatial occurrence of disease vectors. These models might be useful to identify risk areas for disease transmission and are therefore important for the development of targeted sanitary control measures. Two mathematical approaches were selected to model the spatial occurrence of Culicoides imicola, i.e. discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Climatic, remotely sensed and national entomological data were used to build both models. Statistical packages and GIS were then used to implement these models. The discriminant analysis model was less accurate, presenting a sensitivity of 76.6% and a specificity of 75.3%. The logistic regression model was more robust and presented 80.9% sensitiv­ity and 83.6% specificity. Descriptive spatial statistics were then calculated to characterize the landscape features associated with the presence/absence of BT vectors.

scholarly journals A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Towhid Babazadeh ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Koen Ponnet
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.

scholarly journals History, evolution and newer perspectives of rabies vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Health Communities ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Rabies continues to be one of the most deadly infectious diseases known to human race since antiquity, with a case fatality rate almost 100 per cent after the onset of clinical disease. The disease still has a significant impact on human and animal living all over the globe. It is found on all continents where terrestrial animals exist, with the bulk of animal and human cases documented in resource-constrained African and Asian countries, where thousands of human deaths are being recorded annually. The disease produces one of the most agonising deaths in humans and it is likely that the global statistic of roughly 59,000 human rabies fatalities per year is an underestimate. Scientific innovations that led to the successful development of several vaccines and immunisation policies in identified ‘at risk’human and animal populationshave gained a great reputation in minimising the impact of disease across wide portions of the globe.Vaccines continue to be the most significant triumphs of the combined global efforts of the public and animal health communities and has achieved significant strides in the treatment, prevention, and control of disease. This paper describes the history, evolution, and accomplishments of human ingenuity, scientific endeavour, and the joint global efforts of the public and animal health communities that resulted in evolving an effective prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Veterinary education for global animal and public health, D.A. Walsh : book review

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M.E. McCrindle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
And Control ◽  
World Organisation

This 28th annual volume published by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), addresses the need for a global shift in the way veterinary students are taught veterinary public health (VPH). As well as taking the lead in prevention and control of animal diseases, the OIE develops health and welfare standards to promote food security and equitable international trade in animals and animal products.

scholarly journals Predictive Model for Archeological and Historic Site Locations Within the Big Fossil Creek Drainage, Tarrant County, Texas

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Tarrant County ◽  
Project Area ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fossil Creek

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Fort Worth District, is investigating the water resource problems, needs, and opportunities within the Big Fossil Creek drainage in Tarrant County, Texas. The effort focuses on describing existing conditions and identifying measures to minimize and control flood loss within a 48,396.8-acre area of the drainage north of the city of Fort Worth. Geo-Marine, Inc., of Plano, Texas, was contracted by the USACE to assess the potential for historic properties within the drainage area. Background research and a pedestrian reconnaissance survey of the project area were carried out and a geographical information systems (GIS) model was designed to evaluate the probability for both surface and subsurface cultural resources deposits within the project area and to make recommendations for further treatment of any properties.

scholarly journals Prevention and control of bovine cysticercosis: a Delphi study

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizandro Pruence Nickele ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bovine Cysticercosis ◽  
And Control

Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage (Cysticercus bovis) of Taenia saginata. This study aimed to identify prevention and control measures for bovine cysticercosis indicated by experts in the fields of public and animal health. The study was conducted through three rounds of the Delphi method and had the participation of 44 experts from 13 Brazilian states in 30 educational institutions, research institutions, and sanitary inspection services. The first round comprised an open question, the answers to which formed the basis for structuring the second and third questionnaire. To reach a consensus in the second and third rounds, experts were asked to express their agreement or disagreement of each proposition on the questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed at the end of each round. Twenty-three specialists (52.27%) participated in all three rounds. The first round resulted in 28 proposals categorized into six areas: health education, methods of diagnosis and treatment, sanitation measures, epidemiological studies, legislation and sanitary supervision, and intersectorality. In the second round, the experts reached a consensus on 16 propositions (57.14%). This percentage increased by 3.54% during the third round. At the end of the third round, the experts had reached a consensus on 17 of the 28 initial propositions (60.71%). The highest percentage of agreement (29.4%) was observed in the category of health education. This study allowed us to identify 17 recommendations pertaining to the prevention and control of bovine cysticercosis. These measures are not mutually exclusive, and require an integrated approach to the establishment of intervention actions at various points in the life cycle of the parasite.

scholarly journals Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: A case for Integrated Rabies Diseases Surveillance, Prevention and Control - A Scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nyasulu ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
Rea Tschopp ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
And Control

Background: Rabies a neglected tropical disease, mostly affecting poor and vulnerable populations living in remote rural areas in developing countries. The disease continues to pose a significant public health a threat with an estimated 59,000 dog-transmitted human deaths, of which an estimated 21,476 human deaths occur in Africa each year. The global strategy has been set by the quartite World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC), aiming for "zero human deaths associated with dog transmitted rabies by 2030". African countries, however, face several challenges and there are still gaps in controlling rabies. The aim of this study review is to determine rabies prevalence, mortality and associated risk factors in both human population and animal population and to evaluate the presence or absence of integrated one health surveillance response in African nations. Methods and analysis: We will conduct an electronic literature searches on PubMed, CINAHL, (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, and Web of Science and other relevant databases. Reference lists from identified published articles or reviews and conference abstracts will also be searched for relevant articles. Published and unpublished literatures (grey) will be included in the search. The findings will be presented graphically in terms of mortality, morbidity, interventions for rabies control in Africa, research gaps identified, available research evidence, rabies surveillance, prevention and control and adverse events. Conclusion: This review will contribute to the coordination of interventions for surveillance, prevention, and control with African countries as country-based gaps and challenges and opportunities will be highlighted. In addition, the scaling up of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP rabies will be evaluated in African countries and the projection to achieve the target of "zero deaths of human rabies by 2030" in Africa.

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