Parasitic infection of livers and lungs in cattle and sheep in Constantine slaughterhouses, Algeria, in 2009-2018

A retrospective study was carried out from registers of the slaughterhouses of Constantine, Algeria, on 145,919 cattle and 345,282 sheep apparently healthy, slaughtered between 2009 and 2018. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the two dominant parasitic infections which cause gross lesions in liver and lungs, i.e. cystic echinococcosis (CE) and Fasciola hepatica infection. The postmortem examination consisted in a visual inspection of the organs, palpation of lungs and livers, and systematic incision of livers, performed according to FAO procedures. The prevalence of F. hepatica infection was significantly higher in cattle (2.7%) than in sheep (0.2%). There was a non-significant decrease from 4.5 to 2.0% (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of F. hepatica in cattle during the 10-year period. The prevalence of CE in the livers and lungs was significantly higher in cattle (3.3% and 9.7%, respectively) than in sheep (0.6% and 1.1%, respectively). The prevalence of CE was significantly higher in lungs than in livers. These results showed the importance of these parasitic infections in the province of Constantine and its surroundings, which requires the implementation of control programs against these infections in both sheep and cattle.

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National State Survey to identify the presence of intestinal parasitic infections of mixed randomized patients as prevention who attended the IMSS laboratory

ECORFAN Journal Republic of Guatemala ◽

10.35429/ejrg.2020.11.6.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Arcelia González-García ◽

Claudia Hernández-Salas ◽

Rosa Maria Martínez-Ortiz ◽

Lilia González-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Control Programs ◽

Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Nowadays in our state, intestinal parasitic diseases are still endemic, with a greater frequency in rural and mountainous urban areas. After the years have elapsed since the last national survey, it was necessary to carry out a new survey to know the prevalence rates of intestinal parasitosis and to compare the results obtained between both studies. Such knowledge would be of great value in developing health strategies and designing intestinal parasitic infection control programs. Objective: to determine the current prevalence rates of intestinal parasites, to compare the results with those of the survey obtained. Methods: a random cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during the months of December 2018 to March 2019 in a random sample of both sexes from the population of urban communities and the province of Zacatecas, Zac. Each one had a stool sample collected that was analyzed by the direct examination method, the Willis concentration technique, and the Kato-Katz examination; A questionnaire was also applied to them. Results: when comparing the results of the national and state surveys of intestinal parasitic infections carried out in 2009 and 2018, it was found that, in general, infections by parasites decreased, both helminths and pathogenic protozoa, although those infected with commensals increased their frequency in that of 2019. There was also a decrease in the frequency of infections by all species of soil-transmitted helminths, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostomideos, and Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as by the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolitica. Conclusions: when comparing the results of national and state surveys of intestinal parasite infections carried out in 2018 and 2019, it was found that in general the frequencies of infections with intestinal parasites decreased. The finding in both studies of a higher frequency of infection with parasites or commensals in the group aged 5 to 14 years (school age), supports the recommendation to place emphasis on control programs for intestinal parasites in this age group.

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Seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle and sheep in the province of Kars, Turkey, as determined by ELISA

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-014-0215-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 94-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Akca ◽

H. Gokce ◽

N. Mor

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hepatica Infection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Large Herd ◽

Very High ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Abstract This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle and sheep in the province of Kars, Turkey. Serum samples from 500 cattle and 540 sheep, collected from 15 randomly selected localities (villages) in the region, were tested for the presence of anti-F. hepatica antibodies using an in-house ELISA test with 98 % sensitivity and 96 % specificity. The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in the district was determined to be 66.6 % (333/500) in cattle and 93 % (502/540) in sheep. There was also a statistically significant difference in the rates of seropositivity between villages (each of which could be considered to be a large herd or flock), ranging from 0 % to 100 % in cattle and from 68 % to 100 % in sheep, P < 0.01). These findings show that F. hepatica infection is very common in the region; that, in contrast to results from abattoir which indicate a level of only 10 % prevalence, the exposure of farm animals to the infection in the region is in fact very high; and that the risk of acquiring the infection varies between the localities and the host species tested within the region.

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Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and sheep in three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.48-54 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Pinilla Leon ◽

Nelson Uribe Delgado ◽

Angel Alberto Florez

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Age Group ◽

Statistical Association ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cattle and sheep from three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain. Materials and Methods: Overall, 200 fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum in cattle and sheep. The presence of helminths eggs and coccidial oocysts in fecal samples was detected using McMaster and Dennis techniques. Identification of eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: The global prevalence of GI parasites was 56.3%. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the three municipalities. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in sheep (63%) as compared to that of cattle (50.5%), but the difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). The most prevalent parasites were Eimeria spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Strongylida order. Regarding the results for Eimeria spp., different degrees of positivity were observed, but there was no statistical association (p>0.05) with respect to the age group. Likewise, there was no statistical association (p>0.05) between the prevalence for Strongylida order and F. hepatica with respect to the age group. Conclusion: Cattle and sheep in Colombian Northeastern Mountain were infected with helminths and coccidia. The prevalence values of GI parasites were moderate in both species warranting treatment. The presence of F. hepatica represents a risk factor to health public. Future studies are required to evaluate the parasitic dynamics throughout the year and the impact on animal production.

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What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526518666180508125418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 284-287

Author(s):

S. Viesy ◽

J. Abdi ◽

Z. Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Health Problems ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Blastocystis Hominis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

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Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 343

Author(s):

Veronica Folliero ◽

Carla Zannella ◽

Annalisa Chianese ◽

Debora Stelitano ◽

Annalisa Ambrosino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

High Ratio ◽

Molecular Volume ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Wide Range

Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.

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Comparison of two coprological methods for the veterinary diagnosis of fasciolosis

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352005000200007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 181-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Kleiman ◽

S. Pietrokovsky ◽

S. Gil ◽

C. Wisnivesky-Colli

Keyword(s):

Endemic Area ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Staining Method ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

False Negative ◽

Sample Processing ◽

Hepatica Infection ◽

Sedimentation Method ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Reliable Diagnostic Method

The sensitivity and utility of a standard faecal sedimentation method (FSM) and a modified stool sieving staining method (FSSM), both currently employed for the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection were compared. Faecal samples were obtained from 51 bovines of an endemic area for fasciolosis in Southwestern Argentina. Each sample was placed in a recipient containing 5% formalin. Eight millilitres of the suspension, equivalent to 2g of faeces, were used for each of the two methods tested. The number of eggs found per sample was recorded. The proportion of positive samples obtained by the FSSM (27/51) was significantly higher than that by the FSM (11/51) (P<0.05). The percent of agreement between methods was 41%. Over a total of 27 positive samples detected by the FSSM, the FSM missed 16, yielding 60% false negative samples. The FSSM enhanced 2.5 times the sensitivity of diagnosis. The complexity of the FSM may decrease its sensitivity through missing and loss of eggs during sample processing. These results confirmed that the commonly used FSM underestimates the prevalence and the egg output in cattle and that the FSSM is a more reliable diagnostic method.

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The Course of Experimental Fasciola hepatica Infection in Calves with a Deficient Cellular Immunity

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/s0034-5288(18)33995-x ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 468-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. Flagstad ◽

S. Andersen ◽

K. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Cellular Immunity ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Hepatica Infection

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Diagnosis of Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica) Infection in Human Beings by Means of Immunoelectrophoresis

Nature ◽

10.1038/198204a0 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 198 (4876) ◽

pp. 204-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. TEODOROVIĆ ◽

I. BERKEŠ ◽

M. MILOVANAVIĆ

Keyword(s):

Liver Fluke ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Human Beings ◽

Hepatica Infection

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Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2017/5651717 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azan A. Nyundo ◽

David Z. Munisi ◽

Ainory P. Gesase

Keyword(s):

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

Psychiatric Facility ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stool Samples

Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance atpvalue < 0.05.Results.Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay.Conclusion. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections.

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