scholarly journals The Use of Saturated MgSO4 Compared to Saturated Sucrose in the Flotation Method to Identify Eggs and Larvae of Soil-Transmitted Helminths from Plantation Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Nidya Husna Kholidah ◽  
Yunita Armiyanti ◽  
Dwita Aryadina Rachmawati ◽  
Bagus Hermansyah ◽  
Yudha Nurdian
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
The Many ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Worms infection is still common in Indonesia with a prevalence that varies around 40% -60% at all ages. This disease can be caused by infection of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) that require soil media to infect humans. The many plantation lands in Jember are a suitable environment for the development of STH and STH identification in soil can be done by flotation method using MgSO4 solution or sucrose. The comparison of the effectiveness of the MgSO4 solution with the sucrose solution has not been widely studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using saturated MgSO4 solution with saturated sucrose to identify eggs and larvae of STH in Sumber Wadung plantation soil, Hargomulyo Village, Silo District, Jember Regency using the flotation method. Soil samples were taken as many as 35 samples in the garden area, 35 samples around the river, and 35 samples in residential areas,. The results of identification of STH eggs and larvae obtained Ascarid eggs (1.9%) and Hookworm larvae (0.01%). The number of positive soil samples containing STH eggs and larvae using different solutions is the same as three samples (0.02%).The Wilcoxon test results showed that there was no difference in the results of using the MgSO4 solution with the sucrose solution in the flotation method (p> 0.05) so that the MgSO4 solution and sucrose solution could be used to detect eggs and larvae of STH worms and had the same effectiveness. Keyword: Soil-transmitted helminths, saturated MgSO4,  saturated sucrose, flotation

scholarly journals Soil Contamination with Toxocara Eggs in Public Schools in Rural Areas of Southern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nonthapan Phasuk ◽  
Ratee Kache ◽  
Kanjana Thongtup ◽  
Saowalee Boonmuang ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Flotation Method

Soil is considered the primary source of Toxocara transmission to humans, especially children. The status of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs in southern Thailand is unknown. This study aimed at estimating the soil contamination with Toxocara eggs in public schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat province in southern Thailand. Soil samples were collected from 12 public schools between August and September 2017. At each site, ten soil samples were collected from the following five types of locations: (1) playgrounds, (2) football fields, (3) sidewalks, (4) schoolyards, and (5) areas around cafeterias. In total, 120 samples were examined for Toxocara eggs with a modified flotation method using a sucrose solution. Toxocara eggs were detected in 8 (66.7%) of the 12 studied public schools. Of the 120 soil samples, 22 (18.3%; 95% CI: 11.9, 26.4) were contaminated with Toxocara eggs. The highest levels of Toxocara egg contamination were observed in playgrounds (41.7%; 95% CI: 22.1, 63.4), followed by football fields (20.8%; 95% CI: 7.1, 42.2), sidewalks (12.5%; 95% CI: 2.7, 32.4), and schoolyards (12.5%; 95% CI: 2.7, 32.4). There were significant differences in the distribution of Toxocara eggs across location types p<0.05. The findings demonstrated that the soil samples from public schools were contaminated with Toxocara eggs. Playgrounds were the most heavily contaminated locations. Teaching children proper handwashing steps and discouraging geophagia should be implemented to reduce the distribution of Toxocara and limit future Toxocara infections.

scholarly journals Clostridium botulinum in soil on the site of the former Metropolitan (Caledonian) Cattle Market, London

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Smith ◽  
R. A. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
The Many ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Cattle Market

summarySixty soil samples were collected from the redeveloped site of the former Metropolitan (Caledonian) Cattle Market, Islington, London. Of these, 15 (25%) contained Clostridium botulinum and no less than four types (B, C, D and E) were demonstrated.Early British soil surveys suggested that only 4–8% of samples contained Cl. botulinum (type A or B). Although there can be no absolute proof, it seems likely that the striking prevalence at the Market site was the result of faecal contamination by a small proportion of the many millions of farm animals brought there from elsewhere.The distribution of Clostridium tetani was uneven, but of 18 soil samples taken from one area of the Market site, 16 (89%) were positive.

Within-field Pathogenic Diversity of Phytophthora sojae in Commercial Soybean Fields in Iowa

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Robertson ◽  
Silvia R. Cianzio ◽  
Sarah M. Cerra ◽  
Richard O. Pope
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is an economically important soybean disease in the north central region of the United States, including Iowa. Previous surveys of the pathogenic diversity of P. sojae in Iowa did not investigate whether multiple pathotypes of the pathogen existed in individual fields. Considering the many pathotypes of P. sojae that have been reported in Iowa, we hypothesized multiple pathotypes could exist within single fields. In the research reported herein, several soil samples were collected systematically from each of two commercial fields with a history of PRR in Iowa, and each soil sample was baited separately for isolates of P. sojae. Numerous pathotypes of P. sojae were detected from both fields. As many as four pathotypes were detected in some soil samples (each consisting of six to eight soil cores), which suggests that a single soybean plant could be subjected to infection by more than one pathotype. This possibility presents important implications in breeding resistant cultivars and in the management of PRR. Accepted for publication 14 July 2009. Published 8 September 2009.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Soil-transmitted Helminths from Selected Dumpsites and Farmlands in Calabar, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Edema Enogiomwan Imalele ◽  
Effanga Emmanuel Offiong ◽  
Usang Anok Ukam ◽  
Aramushu Willington Urimaneh ◽  
Henshaw Victoria Utibe
Keyword(s):  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Farmland Soils

Aims: The present study investigated the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth contamination in dumpsite and farmland soils in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Methodology: Soil samples were randomly collected from selected dumpsites and farmlands from July to December 2019. 200 soil samples (100 samples each from dumpsites and farmland) were collected. Soil samples were analysed using Zinc sulphate flotation technique whereas soil nematode extraction for hookworm and Strongyloides larvae was carried out using the modified Baermann technique. Results: Of the 200 soil samples examined, 131 (65.5%) were positive for ova/larvae of one or more parasites. Dumpsite soils were highly contaminated with ova/larvae of soil-transmitted helminths than farmland soils with a prevalence of 79% (n=79) and 52% (n=52) respectively (P=.02). Farmlands had the highest mean intensity (6.75±1.88) of contamination with ova/larvae of soil-transmitted helminths compared to dumpsite soils (1.68±0.14). Ascaris lumbricoides recorded the highest occurrence (35.5%) (P=.003) in soil samples examined. A. lumbricoides (40%) and Trichuris trichiura (6%) contamination was higher in dumpsite soils, while Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (34%) and hookworm (10%) contamination was higher in farmland soils. Dumpsite soils recorded the highest number of parasites (84%) in the wet season, while farmland soils recorded the highest number of parasites (92%) in the dry season (P=.11). Generally, parasitic ova/larvae were more prevalent in the dry season (91%) than in the wet season (73%) (P=.33). S. stercoralis (33%) was more prevalent in the wet season followed while A. lumbricoides (43%) recorded highest occurrence in the dry season. Conclusion: This study revealed the potential health risk of contracting soil-transmitted helminth parasites in soils around farmlands and dumpsites in Calabar, Nigeria. It is therefore important that a combination of sanitation and health education be put in place for effective control of soil-transmitted helminths.

Matching legacy estimation of soil organic carbon changes from non-paired data with measured values in paired soil samples after two decades: a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calogero Schillaci ◽  
Sergio Saia ◽  
Aldo Lipani ◽  
Alessia Perego ◽  
Claudio Zaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Legacy Data

&lt;p&gt;Legacy data are frequently unique sources of data for the estimation of past soil properties. With the rising concerns about greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and soil degradation due to intensive agriculture and climate change effects, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration might change heavily over time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;When SOC changes is estimated with legacy data, the use of soil samples collected in different plots (i.e., non-aligned data) may lead to biased results. The sampling schemes adopted to capture SOC variation usually involve the resampling of the original sample using a so called paired-site approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the present work, a regional (Sicily, south of Italy) soil database, consisting of N=302 georeferenced soil samples from arable land collected in 1993 [1], was used to select coinciding sites to test a former temporal variation (1993-2008) obtained by a comparison of models built with data sampled in non-coinciding locations [2]. A specific sampling strategy was developed to spot SOC concentration changes from 1994 to 2017 in the same plots at the 0-30 cm soil depth and tested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To spot SOC changes the minimum number of samples needed to have a reliable estimate of SOC variation after 23 years has been estimated. By applying an effect size based methodology, 30 out of 302 sites were resampled in 2017 to achieve a power of 80%, and an a=0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After the collection of the 30 samples, SOC concentration in the newly collected samples was determined in lab using the same method&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A Wilcoxon test applied to the variation of SOC from 1994 to 2017 suggested that there was not a statistical difference in SOC concentration after 23 years (Z = -0.556; 2-tailed asymptotic significance = 0.578). In particular, only 40% of resampled sites showed a higher (not always significant) SOC concentration than in 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This finding contrasts with a previous SOC concentration increase that was found in 2008 (75.8% increase when estimated as differences of 2 models built with non-aligned data) [2], when compared to 1994 observed data (Z = -9.119; 2-tailed asymptotic significance &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Such a result implies that the use of legacy data to estimate SOC concentration changes need soil resampling in the same locations to overcome the stochastic model errors. Further experiment is needed to identify the percentage of the sites to resample in order to align two legacy datasets in the same area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bibliography&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1]Schillaci C, et al.,2019. A simple pipeline for the assessment of legacy soil datasets: An example and test with soil organic carbon from a highly variable area. CATENA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2]Schillaci C, et al., 2017. Spatio-temporal topsoil organic carbon mapping of a semi-arid Mediterranean region: The role of land use, soil texture, topographic indices and the influence of remote sensing data to modelling. Sci Total Environ.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Calibration of a soil moisture sensor with disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from Bahia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 696-701
Author(s):  
João G. A. Lima ◽  
Aureo S. de Oliveira ◽  
Luciano da S. Souza ◽  
Neilon D. da Silva ◽  
Paula C. Viana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Quadratic Models

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the models proposed by manufacturers and in the literature with respect to soil moisture measurement and to evaluate the performance of the CS616 sensor in the calibration of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples. These calibrations were performed using linear and quadratic models. Disturbed samples were collected in São Gabriel/BA, six samples placed in pots, whereas undisturbed samples were collected in Cruz das Almas/BA, three samples directly collected in the area and placed in a container. A calibration was performed between 21/12/2016 and 08/01/2017. The models proposed in the literature and by manufacturers differed in the estimation of volumetric soil moisture. Disturbed soil samples had higher data dispersion than undisturbed samples, due to factors such as grain size and bulk density, which influence the calibration data. The CS616 sensor had satisfactory performance in the calibration of disturbed and undisturbed samples, with excellent fit of the soil moisture data. Using soil moisture contents obtained by the CS616 sensor, without a previous calibration, may lead to errors in the results, confirming the need for a specific calibration for each type of soil.

scholarly journals Redescription of Capitella capitata (Fabricius) from West Greenland and designation of a neotype (Polychaeta, Capitellidae)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Secretion Granules ◽  
Capitella Capitata ◽  
The Many ◽  
Dimorphic Species ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Capitella capitata (Fabricius, 1780), the type species of the genus, was originally described from the SW coast of Greenland; however, current definitions of the species are largely based on Eisig (1887), who described specimens from Naples on the Mediterranean coast. Eisig’s excellent account of the morphology of a sexually dimorphic species has subsequently been applied to specimens collected from worldwide locations. C. capitata was considered cosmopolitan in its distribution until J.P. Grassle and others identified numerous sibling species in laboratory culture.  A large collection of Capitella from locations along the W, SW, and SE coasts of Greenland was provided by the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). The collections included about 680 specimens with distinctive prostomial, thoracic, and setal morphology that differs from the typical depiction of the species in most faunal accounts. A neotype was selected from an excellent collection of approximately 250 specimens from Mârmorilik on the Affarlikassâ Fjord on the inner Uummannaq Fjord system, north of Disko Bay. All available collections from the ZMUC are believed to belong to the same species, which is here considered to be Arctic and subarctic in distribution. Additional material from the Alaskan Arctic supports this hypothesis. The Greenland species has a short, cup-shaped, wider-than-long prostomium joined to a narrow peristomial ring that is retracted slightly into setiger 1. In most specimens, the first four thoracic setigers gradually increase in size, with setiger 4 being the largest thoracic segment, and then decrease over the next five setigers, with setiger 9 being smaller than subsequent anterior abdominal segments. The thoracic region is thus markedly distinct visually from the abdominal region. Setigers 8–9 typically lack fascicles of notosetae, but 80% of the specimens examined have genital spines and most have copulatory organs that are secretory in nature: they contain numerous small secretion granules but no sperm. Many of these specimens have eggs and larvae within their tubes, suggesting functional hermaphroditism. The present redescription of C. capitata serves to establish a baseline against which the many known but undescribed species can be compared. Previous accounts of C. capitata based on the Eisig concept and largely from boreal and temperate localities should be reevaluated.

Modifiable Washing-Flotation Method for Separation of Insect Eggs and Larvae from Soil1

1979 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Montgomery ◽  
G. J. Musick ◽  
J. B. Polivka ◽  
D. G. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

scholarly journals First report of the genus Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) from continental Portugal

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Valadas ◽  
P. Vieira ◽  
S. Oliveira ◽  
M. Mota
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Trapping Method

AbstractUntil recently, the only entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species reported from continental Portugal, was of the genus Steinernema. Following a national survey of EPNs in continental Portugal, several natural and managed habitats have been surveyed in the southern part of the country. From 57 soil samples collected using the Galleria mellonella trapping method, three samples yielded EPN. Morphological characterization and sequence analysis of the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA allowed the identification of EPN isolates as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, representing the first report of this genus for continental Portugal.

scholarly journals Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil and Litchens from Various Localities of Hosur Road, Bangalore, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Begum ◽  
M. Ramaiah ◽  
Harikrishna ◽  
Irfanulla Khan ◽  
K. Veena
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas

Assessment of heavy metal content in litchens and soil samples from various localities of Hosur Road, Bangalore south was undertaken. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were taken at various locations, the metals analysed were Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu. The geoaccumulation index of these metals in the soils under study residential areas indicated that they are uncontaminated with Ni, Zn, and Fe and moderately contaminated with Cr and Pb. In Industrial areas and traffic junctions the concentration of Fe, Pb and Ni was maximum. Heavy metal accumulation in few prominent lichens of some localities was analysed. Cr and Pb were maximum inChrysothrix candelaris(L.) Laundon, at the gardens of Madiwala and Silk Board junction with 95.29 and 623.95 µg g–1dry weight respectively. Fe and Cu were maximum inBulbothrix isidiza(Nyl.). Hale andPyxine petricolaNyl at Central Prison campus and Kendriya Sadan campus with 22721 and 338.12 µg g–1dry weight respectively,Lecanora perplexaBrodo at Infosis and Wipro Campus, electronic city have 531.5 and 634 µg g–1dry weight of Zn. While Ni and Fe were maximum in Arthopyreniaceae at Shanti Niketan of MICO Limited with 1100 and 23200 µg g–1dry weight respectively.

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