scholarly journals Optimasi Zink Oksida Dan Asam Malat dalam Krim Tabir Surya Kombinasi Avobenzone dan Octyl Methoxycinnamate dengan Desain Faktorial

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Viddy Agustian Rosyidi ◽  
Lisanul Ummah ◽  
Nia Kristiningrum
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Uv Rays

  Ultraviolet rays (UV) has an adverse effect on the skin, which is epidermis damage. One way to prevent the adverse effects of UV rays on the skin can be done by using sunscreen. The sunscreen mechanism of action was divided into chemical absorber and physical blocker. Chemical absorber will be degradated when exposed to UV rays, while ZnO as physical blocker can increase pH value of the sunscreen. The effectiveness of sunscreen was affected by pH value, so malic acid was added into the sunscreen formula to decrease pH value. This study was aimed to determine the optimum composition of ZnO and malic acid on pH, viscosity, SPF, transmission of erythema and transmission of pigmentation using factorial design method. 0,5% ZnO was set as the lowest level and 3% ZnO was set as the highest level; 0,5% malic acid was set as the lowest level and 0,8% malic acid was set as the highest level. Selected optimum formula was 0,5% ZnO and 0,8% malic acid with the predicted SPF value of 21,242; TE of 0,000; TP of 0,000; pH of 4,820; and viscosity of 80,333 dPa.s   Keywords: sunscreen, Zinc Oxide, malic acid, Sun Protector Factor  

scholarly journals Optimasi Asam Glikolat dan Asam Sitrat dalam Krim Tabir Surya Kombinasi Titanium Dioksida, Avobenzone dan Octyl Methoxycinnamate

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Desy Diana Sari ◽  
Lidya Ameliana ◽  
Dwi Nurahmanto
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main cause of sunburn and skin cancer. The adverse effects of UV radiation are solved by sunscreen as protection for longer outdoors. In this study, optimization of glycolic acid and citric acid in sunscreen cream combination of titanium dioxide, avobenzone, and octyl methoxycinnamate were investigated using simplex lattice design method. The sunscreen cream evaluation includes physicochemical testing (organoleptic, homogeneity, emulsion type, spreadability, viscosity, and pH) and sunscreen effectiveness (SPF, % erythema transmission, and % pigmentation transmission). The value of physicochemical testing are 5,96 cm - 6,3 cm of  spreadability testing; 83,33 dPa.s – 108,33 dPa.s of viscosity testing; 4,06 – 4,67 of pH testing. The value of sunscreen effectiveness are 9,79 – 13,35 of SPF testing; 4,55x10-06 - 0,15x10-06% of % erythema transmission; 5,77 – 7,16 % of % pigmentation transmission. The optimum formula was obtained by combining glycolic acid 2% and citric acid 0% with a desirability value of 0,649.

PENGEMBANGAN MINUMAN BERBASIS TEH DAN REMPAH SEBAGAI MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Chairiyah Batubara ◽  
Nindia Arum Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Carbohydrate Level ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Functional Drink

Teh dan rempah memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang berguna untuk kesehatan. Tujuan dari pembelajaran ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional teh dan rempah terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixture design untuk menentukan formula optimum minuman fungsional terbaik yang terdiri dari gula merah, bubuk kayu manis dan bubuk kapulaga. Berdasarkan input batas atas dan batas bawah dari bahan baku sehingga didapatkan 16 formulasi yang akan diteliti. Untuk batas atas gula merah yaitu 40 dan batas bawah gula merah yaitu 35. Untuk batas atas bubuk kayu manis yaitu 15 dan batas bawah kayu manis yaitu 10. Untuk batas atas bubuk kapulaga yaitu 50 dan batas bawah bubuk kapulaga yaitu 45. Untuk menentukan kualitas minuman fungsional dilakukan uji kimia (uji karbohidrat, gula total dan nilai pH, uji fisik (Uji viskositas), uji organoleptik (uji hedonik untuk warna, aroma, rasa dan kekentalan) dan mutu hedonik yang ditentukan dari kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, aroma, rasa dan kekentalan) dan uji antioksidan. Penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan formula optimum yang terbaik dari hasil pengacakan oleh mixture design. Hasil dari pengolahan mixture design adalah anova, grafik dan duncan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian formula minuman fungsional yang masih dapat diterima adalah formulasi 11 yang terdiri dari 40% gula merah, 12.67% bubuk kayu manis dan 47.32% bubuk kapulaga. Formula 11 mengandung 0.39% karbohidrat, 15.46% gula total, 5.38% pH 4.98%  viskositas dan 255.41 mg antoksidanSpice tea have antioxidants compounds that are beneficial for health. The purpose of this study was to get the best spice tea formulation as a functional drink. This research used a mixture design to obtain the best optimum formula functional drink that composed by brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder. Based on input the upper and lower limits of raw materials then get 16 formulations will be researched. The upper limit of brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder is 40, 15 and 50. The lower limit of brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder is 35, 10 and 45. The functional drink quality determined by chemical test (carbohydrate level, total sugar and pH value), physical test (viscosity level), organoleptic test and antioxidan level. Data was processed statistically using Design Expert application with one-way analysis (one way ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. Duncan`s follow-up was carried out to find out the differences between treatments if ANOVA had a significant effect. Based on the results of the research, formulation functional drink are still aceptable is formulation 11 of 40% brown sugar, 12.67% cinnamon powder and 47.32% cardamom powder. Formulation 11 contained carbohydrate level 0.39%, total sugar 15.46% and pH value 5.38%, viscosity level 4.98%, and antioxidan level 255.41 mg

Application of Cis-Diamminedichloro-Platinum in Combination Antineoplastic Therapy of Testicular Cancer

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Williams ◽  
Nicholas G. Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Testicular Carcinoma ◽  
Dosage Administration

Testicular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in adult males between the ages of 20 and 35. Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (i.e., CDDP) is currently being used investigatively in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of this disease. This article reviews the literature to date on CDDP and its application in testicular cancer. Individual CDDP parameters (e.g., chemistry, mechanism of action, effectiveness and clinical use, adverse effects, dosage, administration and distribution) are discussed.

Overview of Lamotrigine and the New Antiepileptic Drugs: The Challenge

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S48-S52 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Pellock
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
New Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Titration Schedule

Lamotrigine, like all antiepileptic drugs, can be effective when used as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. In general, adverse effects are reduced when monotherapy is employed. The most frequent adverse effect prompting withdrawal of lamotrigine is rash. This potentially life-threatening adverse effect occurs more frequently in children, is increased when a rapid dose titration schedule is employed, and is greater when lamotrigine is prescribed in combination with valproate. The availability of lamotrigine and other antiepileptic drugs represents a major advance for the treatment of childhood epilepsy. The challenge in using all of the new antiepileptic drugs, including lamotrigine, is to balance the expected improved efficacy with the potentially serious adverse effects. (J Child Neurol 1997;12(Suppl 1):S48-S52).

Microbiote shift in sequencing batch reactors in response to antimicrobial ZnO nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (111) ◽  
pp. 110108-110111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghui Liu ◽  
Huifang Zhou ◽  
Jiefeng Liu ◽  
Xudong Yin ◽  
Yufeng Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Zno Nps

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been monitored in wastewater treatment plants as their potential adverse effects on functional microorganisms have been causing increasing concern.

Effect of Cationic Polyacrylate Emulsion Properties on Paper Coating Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Jin Li Li ◽  
Quan Xiao Liu ◽  
Wen Cai Xu ◽  
Yu Bin Lv
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Density Increase ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Paper Coating ◽  
Surface Sizing

Cationic polyacrylate emulsions with different properties were prepared in lad and used as surface sizing agent, the results showed that as the increase of solid content, the properties of paper increase at first but keep constant if the solid content increase further; as the increase of the pH value of the emulsion, the strength of the paper decrease, smoothness increase, gloss and whiteness decrease, saturation and printing density increase; the increase of the size of emulsion has adverse effects on the properties of the paper, so the size should not be too large; the viscosity should not be too large and not be too low, it should be kept in a moderate level.

scholarly journals Antiviral treatment of COVID-19: a clinical pharmacology narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-45
Author(s):  
Instiaty ◽  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Sri Darmayani ◽  
Jefman Efendi Marzuki ◽  
Ferina Angelia ◽  
William ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Investigational Drug ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Potential Benefits

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in China, has become a pandemic in March 2020. Repurposing old and relatively safe drugs becomes an advantageous option to obtain the urgently needed effective treatment. Repurposing chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, andfavipiravir, and the use of investigational drug remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19, are reviewed from the clinical pharmacology perspective, particularly its efficacy and safety. Limited clinical studies of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and remdesivir showed some efficacy in COVID-19 treatment with tolerable adverse effects. Potential serious adverse effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is cardiac arrhythmia. Oseltamivir has no documented activity against SARS-CoV-2, while lopinavir/ritonavir showed limited efficacy in COVID-19. Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. The decision to use these drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic must be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to the patient.

scholarly journals The Influence of pH Values on the Crystallite Size of ZnO by Solvothermal Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Jaya Permana ◽  
Dian Wulandari ◽  
Hartati Hartati ◽  
Harsasi Setyawati ◽  
Mochammad Zakki Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Semiconductor Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Influence Of Ph

 Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor material that widely used in various applications due to its unique properties. Synthesis of ZnO by solvothermal method has been conducted with controlled pH values. The variations of pH value were 10, 11 and 12 by adjusting NaOH content. Crystall structure of the synthesis products after heat treatment at 110oC and 600oC has characterised by X-ray Diffratometer (XRD). Crystallite size of ZnO was measured by Scherrer equation. Crystall phase of ZnO has been observed on all pH value variations at 110 oC with 22,98-37,06 nm of crystallite size, whereas ZnO has been observed on all pH value variations at 600 oC with 41,39-71,77 nm of crystallite size.Keywords: ZnO, pH values, crystallite size, solvothermal

Neurologic Sequelae Associated with Foscarnet Therapy

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Lor ◽  
Yong Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cns Lesions

OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of possible foscarnet-induced neurologic sequelae. CASE SUMMARY: We report two cases of seizures and one case of hand cramping and finger paresthesia after starting foscarnet therapy with no evidence of predisposing risk factors, such as serum laboratory abnormalities, renal dysfunction, or known central nervous system (CNS) involvement. All three patients had stable laboratory values during therapy and when the neurologic adverse effects occurred. All patients were receiving appropriate dosages of foscarnet. DISCUSSION: The incidence of seizures in AIDS patients was reviewed. A history of CNS lesions, infections, and/or AIDS per se may increase the risk of a neurologic adverse effect while receiving foscarnet therapy. Acute ionized hypocalcemia may cause these neurologic adverse effects. Ionized hypocalcemia is transitory, is related to the rate of foscarnet infusion, and may not be reflected as a change in total serum calcium concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Foscarnet probably contributed to the neurologic adverse effects reported here. Foscarnet may need to be administered at a slower rate than is recommended by the manufacturer. Electrolytes must be monitored closely; however, a neurologic adverse effect may not be foreseen.

Probable Encephalopathy and Spasticity in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Following Carbapenem Administration: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110632
Author(s):  
Claire V Klimko ◽  
James M Sanders ◽  
Meagan L Johns
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patient ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to describe spasticity and encephalopathy that developed in a multiple sclerosis patient following carbapenem administration. Summary: A 55-year-old female with multiple sclerosis developed spasticity and encephalopathy within 24 hours of meropenem and ertapenem administration. This was the second time that she had developed encephalopathy following carbapenem administration. The patient gradually recovered over four days following discontinuation of carbapenem therapy. Conclusion: Carbapenem neurotoxicity, a well-documented adverse effect, has been linked to several risk factors, including central nervous system lesions. Despite this, there is little evidence describing the risk of neurotoxicity in patients with multiple sclerosis. It is important to understand the potential adverse effects of carbapenems in specific patient populations to help guide appropriate treatment of infections.

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