Efektivitas Ekstrak Black Garlic dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

Black garlic has many properties naturally can be used as an antifungi. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Black garlic extract in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans and knowing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of Black garlic extract against Candida albicans. This study used 5 groups of Black garlic extract concentration, namely 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and positive controls, with 5 replications. Extraction was carried out using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, while the antifungal test was carried out by liquid dilution method. MIC was determined by observing the turbidity and clarity of each test solution and compared to the control solution. MFC was determined by observing the presence or absence of fungi colonies growing on Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar (SDA) media after incubation for 24 hours. The results of the study carried out the Kruskall-Wallis test showed a significance value (p <0.05) which means that there were significant differences in all groups. In the Mann-Whitney test showed a significance value (p <0.05) which means there are differences between treatment groups. The conclusion is that Black garlic extract has the ability to antifungal with MIC at a concentration of 50% and MFC at a concentration of 75%.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR INFUSA UMBI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP Candida albicans SERTA PROFIL KROMATOGRAFINYA

Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) ◽

10.22487/j24428744.2016.v2.i1.7087 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

Khusnul Diana

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Tube Test ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Layer Chromatography

As traditional medicine, bawang putih or garlic ( Allium sativum L.) can cure as antibacterial and antifungal beside on can restorative as antihypertension, antacid, carminativa (in the dyspepsia), expectorancia and anticolesterol. This research was conducted in order to know the antifungal activity of infusion of Allium sativum against Candida albicans and to identify chemical component’s of this infusion. The antifungal activity was done by liquid dilution method. The MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and MFC (Minimal Fungicidal Concentration) value were used as parameter to determine the antifungal activity. Concentration used in this reseach were 17,5%; 16,25%; 15%; 13,75% ; 12,5% dan 11,25% v/v for Candida albicans. The activity was done by incubating the infusion with fungal in CYG DS media of 37ºC for 18-24 hours. Identification of chemical component was carried out by paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The result showed that the MIC (Minimum Inhibitor Concentration) for Candida albicans could not be observed because the mixture was turbid. The MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) for Candida albicans was 15% v/v. The tube test and chromatogram showed that the infusion of Allium sativum contained flavonoid, and saponin.

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The The Effects of Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamon Derivatives) and Nystatin on Candida Albicans and Candida Glabrata

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1067-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sedigheh Bakhtiari ◽

Soudeh Jafari ◽

Jamileh Bigom Taheri ◽

Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi ◽

Zahra Namazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Candida Species ◽

Candida Glabrata ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Microdilution Method

BACKGROUND: Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungal infections. Today, cinnamon plants have been considered for anti-Candida properties. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde extract (from cinnamon derivatives) on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata species and comparison with nystatin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, cinnamaldehyde and nystatin were used. The specimens included Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were measured for each one by the microdilution method. This experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS: Cinnamaldehyde extract at a concentration of 62.5 μl/ml was able to prevent the growth of Candida albicans, at a concentration of 93.7 μl/ml, causing Candida albicans to disappear, at 48.8 μl/ml, to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and in the concentration of 62.5 μl/ml, causes the loss of Candida glabrata. In comparison, nystatin at 0.5 μg/ml concentration prevented the growth of Candida albicans, at concentrations of 1 μg/ml causing Candida albicans to be destroyed, at 4 μg/ml concentration to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and at a concentration of 8 μg/ml causes the loss of Candida glabrata. The results were the same every three times. CONCLUSIONS: Although cinnamaldehyde extract had an effect on fungal growth in both Candida albicans and Candida glabrata with a fatal effect; the effect on these two species was lower than nystatin.

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Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.5.2.2017.17370 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Ramschie ◽

Pieter L. Suling ◽

Krista V. Siagian

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

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Antifungal Activity of Plumericin and Isoplumericin

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601101 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dharmendra Singh ◽

Umakant Sharma ◽

Parveen Kumar ◽

Yogesh K Gupta ◽

M. P. Dobhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor and its phytoconstituents plumericin and isoplumericin against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Plumericin's consistently high activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans was more potent than isoplumericin and the standard antifungal drug nystatin suggesting its potential as a drug candidate for candidiasis and cryptococcosis.

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Phenotypic Investigation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Organic and Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts of Boswellia serrata on Oral Microbiota

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v16i5.2287 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sedigheh Bakhtiari ◽

Fatemeh Nematzade ◽

Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala ◽

Ghazaleh Talebi

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Candida Krusei ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Boswellia Serrata ◽

Organic Extract ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Objectives: Considering the emergence of resistant microbes and side effects of chemical drugs, in this study, the inhibitory effect of organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) on some oral microbiota was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, standard strains of Candida albicans (C. albicans; PTCC 5027), Candida glabrata (C. glabrata; PTCC 5295), Candida krusei (C. krusei; PTCC 5297), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans; PTCC 1688) were collected from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST). Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of B. serrata was determined based on the CLSI protocol and using the micro-dilution method. The contents of each well were subcultured in Müller-Hinton agar (Candida species) and blood agar (S. mutans). The lowest concentration with no growth was considered as the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) or bactericidal concentration (MBC). Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Hydro-alcoholic extract of B. serrata at the concentration of 50 mg/ml inhibited the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans. It also inhibited the growth of C. krusei and C. glabrata at the concentration of 100 mg/ml. Organic extract of B. serrata at the concentration of 200 mg/ml only inhibited the growth of C. glabrata. Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of B. serrata had a greater inhibitory effect on C. albicans and S. mutans compared to the organic extract.

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Hemi-parasitic West African Plants

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i330219 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

A. O. Oriola ◽

A. J. Aladesanmi ◽

E. O. Akinkunmi ◽

I. J. Olawuni

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

West African ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

Microbial Infections ◽

Etoac Fraction ◽

Positive Controls

The study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some West African hemi-parasitic plants, which comprised Tapinanthus bangwensis (TB), Tapinanthus globiferus (TG) and Globimetula braunii (GB), used in Nigerian ethnomedicine for the management of skin and other microbial infections. This was with a view to determining the most active plant extract and fraction. The leaf and stem of each plant was separately air-dried, powdered and macerated in ethanol-H20 (8:2). The extracts were subjected to in vitro antioxidant tests such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Fe2+ chelating ability (FIC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays, with L-ascorbic acid, quercetin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as positive controls. The antimicrobial test was carried out using micro-broth dilution method against reference strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, where ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole were the positive controls. An activity-guided fractionation approach was adopted in the study. The most active GB leaf extract was fractionated to obtain n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions, and were subsequently tested. The results showed that the extract of GB leaf demonstrated the highest bioactivities with inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DPPH at 31.21±1.11 µg/mL, FRAP value of 109.30±0.76 mg AAE/g, TAC value of 178.15±3.54 mg AAE/g and MIC of 5.0 – 10.0 mg/mL. The Ethylacetate fraction of GB leaf demonstrated the highest bioactivities, which were four-times, thrice and twice better than its GB leaf extract in the DPPH, TAC and antimicrobial studies respectively. The EtOAc fraction (IC50 = 8.58±1.39 µg/mL) was comparable (P > 0.05) in antioxidant activity with quercetin (IC50 = 7.72±0.88 µg/mL). The EtOAc fraction also exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with inhibitory concentration of 1.25 mg/mL against MRSA and C. albicans. In conclusion, the extract of G. braunii leaf demonstrated considerable bioactivities and the moderately polar EtOAc fraction was the most active fraction; hence, validates the folkloric use G. braunii leaf as a remedy for microbial infections.

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Antifungal Activity of Geraniol on Candida albicans Isolates of Pediatric Clinical Importance

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i4.8131 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Lima A L A ◽

Pérez A L A L ◽

Sousa J P ◽

Pinheiro L S ◽

Oliveira-Filho A A ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Cell Membranes ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Geraniol is a plant-derived monoterpene alcohol that has antifungal effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geraniol for antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates of pediatric clinical importance. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the broth microdilution techniques. We also investigated possible geraniol action on cell walls (0.8M sorbitol) and cell membranes (Geraniol to ergosterol binding). For 90% of isolates, the MIC and MFC of the phytochemical was 64

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Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Paku Pedang (Nephrolepis exaltata) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans

STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa ◽

10.36456/stigma.13.1.2551.33-38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Diana Mey Merlina ◽

Ngadiani

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Experimental Type ◽

Spss Software ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Positive Controls

Plant swords (Nephrolepis exaltata) are ferns in the Lomariopsidaceae tribe which are easily found on the banks of rivers, cliffs, and contain flavonoids and alkaloids that can inhibit the growth of albicans candida fungi. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Sword nail extract (Nephrolepis exaltata) on the growth of albicans candida fungi. This research is a quantitative laboratory experimental type using a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4 different treatment groups, 1 negative control (pz sterile) and 1 positive control (ketocenazole). The parameters observed were the number of colonies (CFU) and the average area of the inhibition zone (mm). The data was analyzed using SPSS software using one way ANOVA analysis which was then followed by a test using DMRT. The results showed that all concentrations differed from the negative controls, while the extract concentration of 1000 ppm compared to the positive controls had no difference. Sword nail extract (Nephrolepis exaltata) has an influence on the growth of candida albicans mushrooms, namely the number of colonies of 6.78 CFU (6x106) at a concentration of 1000 ppm and inhibition zone 33.10 mm at a concentration of 1000 ppm. Keywords : Candida albicans, Sword spikes (Nephrolepis exaltata), Inhibitory Zone, Colony Count.

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IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF TIMOL AND CARVACROL ON CANDIDA SPECIES

Revista Prevenção de Infecção e Saúde ◽

10.26694/repis.v4i0.7673 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Luciana Thaís Rangel Souza ◽

Cecília Correia Costa ◽

Mateus Cardoso Oliveira ◽

Isabel Celeste Caires Pereira Gusmão

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Candida Krusei ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Sabouraud Agar ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Aim: to evaluate the in vitro action of thymol and carvacrol against the yeasts of Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Candida krusei ATCC34135. Method: A laboratory study was performed to evaluate antifungal activity. The characterization of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the thymol essential oil was carried out using the technique where the microdilution is performed, in which a plate containing 96 wells is used. The determination of the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was performed by dripping 10 μL of each of the concentrations evaluated on Sabouraud agar plates. Results: The MIC of thymol and carvacrol for C. albicans was 40 μg/mL and for Candida krusei it did not present antifungal activity. While the MIC of nystatin was 0.03mg for both species with thymol and carvacrol. Conclusion: Thymol presented satisfactory antifungal activity against the pathogens studied, but carvacrol did not present antifungal activity.

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Denture-Soaking Solution Containing Piper betle Extract-Loaded Polymeric Micelles; Inhibition of Candida albicans, Clinical Study, and Effects on Denture Base Resin

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 440

Author(s):

Siriporn Okonogi ◽

Pimpak Phumat ◽

Sakornrat Khongkhunthian ◽

Kullapop Suttiat ◽

Pisaisit Chaijareenont

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Polymeric Micelles ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Poloxamer 407 ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Denture Base ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Candida albicans is a common overgrowth in people wearing dentures. Long-term use of antifungal chemicals carries a risk of toxic side effects. This study focused on the edible Piper betle extract because of its safety. The broth dilution method was applied for antifungal determination of the ethyl acetate fractionated extract (fEA) and fEA-loaded polymeric micelles (PMF). The PMF was prepared by thin-film hydration using poloxamer 407 as a polymer base. The results found that the weight ratio of fEA to polymer is the main factor to obtain PMF system as a clear solution, nanoparticle sizes, narrow size distribution, negative zeta potential, and high entrapment efficiency. The activity of PMF against C. albicans is significantly higher than fEA alone, with a minimum fungicidal concentration of 1.5 mg/mL. PMF from 1:3 ratio of fEA to polymer is used to develop a denture-soaking solution contained 1.5 mg fEA/mL (PMFS). A clinical study on dentures of 15 volunteers demonstrated an 86.1 ± 9.2% reduction of C. albicans after soaking the dentures in PMFS daily for 14 days. Interestingly, PMFS did not change the hardness and roughness of the denture base resins. The developed PMFS may serve as a potential natural denture-soaking solution against candidiasis in denture wearers.

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