Pengembangan Sensor Kimia Berbasis Strip Tes untuk Deteksi Logam Berat Merkuri pada Sampel Produk Jamu

The use of plants as a traditional medicine in the modern era is still in high demand. One of the herbs commonly used by Indonesian is analgesic herbal medicine. The safety aspect of herbal medicine should be considered, such as heavy metal contamination. Mercury is the typical heavy metal found in polluting herbal plants. The maximum mercury level allowed in a medicinal preparation has been regulated by BPOM RI, as much as ≤ 0.5 ppm. A high level of mercury contamination causing toxic effects on the body due to protein precipitation, which inhibits enzyme activity and acts as a corrosive material. A technology that allows the detection of mercury is a chemical sensor. The strip test is optimal if the reagent 1-(2-thiazolyl azo)-2-naphthol (TAN) concentration at 1000 ppm and the sample has been confirmed at pH 7. The results of the strip test characterization showed that the response time was in the range of minutes 17 to 24, the use time of the test strips for 28 days if stored in room temperature and 29 days if stored at in refrigerator temperature, linearity with r = 0.998, Vx0 = 3.96%, p-value = 0.00000172, LOD = 0.102 ppm and LOQ = 0.306 ppm, interference value <5%, precision with RSD 6.54%, and accuracy with the value of % recovery 98.007%. T-test analysis showed p= 0.872, meaning no significant difference between the application of TAN-based test strips with the ICP-AES method.

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Assessment of selected heavy metals concentrations in Mairua Reservoir, Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria for fishing purposes

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 207-213

Author(s):

M.Z. Karkarna ◽

Z.M. Dabo

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Aquatic Habitats ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Significant Difference

An assessment of selected heavy metal concentrations for fishing purposes was conducted at Mairua Reservoir, Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria. This study aimed at assessing the selected heavy metal concentrations to enable the and sustainable use of the reservoir. Fishing is the major activity of the dwellers throughout the year, but there is less attention in considering the water quality in the reservoir. Eating fish harvested from polluted aquatic habitats could endanger the health Eating fish harvested from polluted aquatic habitats could endanger the health of the consumer. As such, there is the need of this research now if not continuously.Water samples were taken in five sampling points and the procedural plan was the monthly sampling of the water from February-April and June-August 2020. The heavy metals include Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Laboratory procedures include sample digestions in preparation for spectrophotometric analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test and related with FAO standard for fishing. The finding shows that most of the parameters like Cd, Zn and Pb are more in concentration at SPIII (downstream), i.e. the outlet of the water in the reservoir. It can also be seen that two parameters Fe and Ni are more concentrated at SPIV (middle towards east) and only Mn is higher at SPI (upstream). Furthermore, the analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p >0.05) in the values of all the parameters across the five sampled collection points. The results of this study show that with the exception of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), the heavy metal concentrations in water did not exceed FAO (2006) standards. However, Cd and Pb exceeded the FAO standard. The level of heavy metal concentrations was compared based on seasons (wet and dry) using independent t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The result shows no significant difference at 0.05 between the wet and dry season values of Fe (P value 0.106), Cd (P value 0.614) Zn (P value 0.700), Mn (P value 0.950), and Ni (P value 0.937). Study on Pb concentrations revealed that the metal was affected by seasonal variation (P value 0.047). Dumping waste very close to the reservoir should be discouraged. Farmers around the reservoir should be enlightened on the negative effects of their activities into the body of the water. More studies should be carried out on physico-chemical, microbial and other heavy metal concentrations in order to provide baseline information on the ecological status of the reservoir. In line with the finding, it is recommended that for effective fishing activities in the reservoir, the use of agrochemicals and dumping municipal waste very close to the reservoir, which could be the possible sources of Cd and Pb, should be discouraged.

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Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa ◽

10.30602/jlk.v1i2.147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽

Sri Tumpuk

Keyword(s):

Screening Test ◽

Venous Blood ◽

The Body ◽

Ethylene Diamine ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽

The Difference ◽

Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk K2EDTA dan K3EDTA. K3EDTA biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

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Optimalisasi Pertumbuhan Bayi dengan Baby Massage and Spa

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v10i2.1416 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Yusari Asih ◽

I Gusti Ayu Mirah WS

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference

Baby Massage and Spa was a traditional effort that uses a holistic approach through comprehensive care using a combination of massage and water therapy methods that are carried out in an integrated manner to balance the body, mind, and feelings. Age 3-6 months is the right time for babies to do massage and spa. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of baby massage and spa on the growth of infants aged 3-5 months in Pringsewu District in 2018. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach with research design pre and post-test with control group design. The purposive sampling technique was taken with a sample of 30 infants as the intervention group and 30 infants as the control group. Data were processed using computerization and analyzed using the T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences between body weight, body length and baby head circumference in the pre and post-treatment. There was no significant difference in the average increase in infant weight between babies who were carried out by baby massage and spa with babies who were not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.116. There is a significant difference in the baby's body length and head circumference performed by baby massage and spa with those not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.000. Baby Massage and Spa has a significant effect on increasing the growth of babies aged 3-5 months.

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PERBANDINGAN KADAR TIMBAL (Pb) PADA GORENGAN YANG DIJUAL DI JALAN SAM RATULANGI DAN PURWODADI KOTA PEKANBARU

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.31258/jil.14.2.p.114-120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Yeli Hartuti ◽

Efriyeldi Efriyeldi ◽

Maria Erna

Keyword(s):

Lead Level ◽

Threshold Value ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Director General ◽

P Value ◽

Food Control ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fried Foods

Air pollution gives a negative impact to human health due to pollutants released by motor vehicles. From the several kinds of pollutants generated, CO is one of the most pollutants released by motor vehicles. Lead can contaminate the environment and can poisoning the living organisms. Lead can cause various disorders to the body and also organs such as hematopoietic system, neurological, endocrine, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, and reproduction. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the levels of lead (Pb) in fried foods sold on Jalan Sam Ratulangi with fried foods sold on the edge of Jalan Purwodadi, Pekanbaru City. This research is descriptive quantitative. Samples in the form of bakwan which were taken by one trader by using a total sampling of 6 samples. The sample will then be examined quantitatively to determine the level of lead in the sample using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results of the lead level examination will then be compared with the maximum limit of metal contamination according to the standards set by the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control No. 00.06.1.52.4011 Year 2009 to find out whether the fried foods sold in that location meet the Threshold Value (NAB), and compared using the SPSS t test. The results of the research after analysis using the t test, it is known that the p value is 0.216 when compared with a= 0.05, then p>a, so there is no significant difference between the fried foods sold on Jalan Sam Ratulangi and Purwodadi, Pekanbaru City, all samples exceed The threshold value set by the Regulation of the Director General of Drug and Food Control Number HK.00.06.1.52.4011 of 2009 is 0.25 mg/kg.

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SMOKING GENOTOXICITY IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING THE COMET ASSAY

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703675 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

pp. 038-041

Author(s):

Shobha S. Shetty ◽

Hrishikesh Nachane

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Almost All

Abstract Background: Smoking has been shown to have a positive effect on DNA damage in almost all the cells of the body. Quantitative analysis of this damage will help in assessing the etiopathogenesis of various nicotine induced damage to the body. Comet assay has been an emerging tool in this regard and hence was applied by us to estimate the severity of DNA damage in smokers. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the DNA genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in smokers and their comparison with non smokers & assess the quantitative damage. Materials and methods: 30 smokers & 20 non smokers were recruited & their peripheral blood was taken for the comet assay to look for Olive moment & Tail moment to quantitatively assess the DNA damage due to cigarette smoking. Results: In our study there was no significant difference in the analysis of DNA damage (with regard to tail moment & olive moment) in smokers versus non smokers (P value: more than 0.05). Conclusions: Though smoking is known to cause DNA damage, we did not find significant differences between the two groups probably due to other multifactorial etiologies for genotoxicity.

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Survival outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy combined with radiation versus chemotherapy alone following pancreatectomy for distal pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Single institution experience.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.388 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 388-388

Author(s):

Bhavina D O Batukbhai ◽

Joseph M. Herman ◽

Marianna Zahurak ◽

Daniel A. Laheru ◽

Dung T. Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adjuvant Therapy ◽

Distal Pancreatectomy ◽

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

The Body ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

P Value ◽

Tumor Diameter ◽

Combined Modality ◽

Significant Difference

388 Background: There is limited data of survival following distal pancreatectomy and adjuvant therapy in patients with distal pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the survival following combined modality (chemo-radiation and chemotherapy) compared to chemotherapy alone following distal pancreatectomy (DP). Methods: Patients who underwent DP for adenocarcinoma of the body or tail of the pancreas between the years 2000 and 2015 at Johns Hopkins were included. Comparison analysis was performed between patients who received combined modality versus chemotherapy alone. Kaplan- Meier curve was used to estimate the median overall survival (OS) and the disease free survival (DFS) at 1, 3 and 5 years after pancreatectomy. Results: A total of 294 patients underwent DP at our institution. Patients were excluded if adjuvant therapy was not administered, developed metastasis prior to adjuvant therapy, had stage IV disease at the time of surgery, received neoadjuvant therapy or had inadequate follow up at our institution to assess survival outcomes. We included a total of 105 patients, of which 45 patients received chemotherapy alone and 60 patients received combined modality. The two groups were similar with respect to nodal and margin status. Patients treated with combined modality had larger > 3cm tumors (p = 0.02). Median OS with combined modality was 60.6 mo and 50.2 mo with chemotherapy only. DFS was 15.2 mo with combined modality and 17.6 mo with chemotherapy only. There was no significant difference between the groups for OS (p = 0.73) or DFS (p = 0.495). Further analysis showed a trend away from chemoradiation in the recent years. Thirty patients (29%) received multi-agent chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting. A tumor diameter > 3cm was a predictive factor for receiving chemoradiation (chi-square p value 0.02). Conclusions: There is no difference in survival with combined modality compared to chemotherapy alone as adjuvant therapy following DP. All patients in this study received adjuvant therapy. We report a higher survival than previously described which could suggest a different biology for distal tumors.

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Conventional incision and drainage versus incision and drainage with primary closure in acute abscess: a prospective study

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175911 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Amandeep Singh ◽

Gurdhian Singh ◽

Darsshan Singh Sidhu ◽

Mohit Bhalla

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Conventional Method ◽

Primary Closure ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Incision And Drainage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: An abscess is a common surgical condition. Abscesses may occur anywhere in the body. Surgical treatment of subcutaneous and soft tissue abscesses includes percutaneous aspiration, incision and drainage without primary closure, incision and drainage with primary closure with drain. The present study was planned to compare conventional method of incision and drainage with incision and drainage with primary closure in cases of acute -abscesses.Methods: A total of 100 patients with acute abscesses were included in the study and randomized into 2 groups with 50 patients in each group. The present study was carried out to compare the conventional method of incision and drainage with incision and drainage with primary closure of the wounds in acute abscesses with regards to wound healing, post- operative pain, duration of hospital stays and recurrence rates.Results: Wound healing was significantly faster in incision and drainage with primary closure (9.18±0.941days) as compared to conventional method of incision and drainage (16.66±1.944 days) [p <0.05]. Mean hospital stay with convention method of incision and drainage was 7.12±0.718 days and with primary closure was 4.0±0.728days (p <0.05). Mean VAS was significantly less in primary closure as compared with conventional method. Decreasing trend in VAS was observed on day 3, day 5 and day 7 (p value 0.000). Recurrence rate of an abscess was seen in 5 cases in conventional method and 2 cases in primary closure (p >0.05).Conclusions: Author have observed a significant difference noted in time taken for wound healing, postoperative pain, hospital stay and recurrence rate between two groups.

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Relationship Between Gender, Age, Duration And Frequency Of Hemodialysis Therapy With The Creatinine Level reduction Of Pre And Post Hemodialysis

Medical Laboratory Technology Journal ◽

10.31964/mltj.v5i1.222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Anny Thuraidah ◽

Misbawati Misbawati ◽

Nurlailah Nurlailah ◽

Haitami Haitami

Keyword(s):

Creatinine Level ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patient Will ◽

Base Balance ◽

The Relationship

The kidneys are organs of the body that function to regulate water balance in the body, the concentration of electrolytes in the blood and acid-base balance and secretion of waste material. If the kidney fails to function, the patient will need immediate treatment and even undergo hemodialysis (HD) therapy. A critical indicator in determining whether a person with impaired kidney function requires HD therapy is to know the creatinine level. The study aimed to ascertain the differences in creatinine levels pre and post HD also study the relationship between the age, gender, duration and frequency of HD therapy of respondents with the decrease of creatinine levels pre and post. Type of research detailed survey with a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken using a total sampling technique of 35 respondents from H BadaruddinKasimHospitalin Tanjung with a sample examination technique using the Jaffe method. The examination results of creatinine levels average for pre and post hemodialysis was11,36 and 5,58 mg/dl, which decreased 51%. The analysis statistically used Paired T-Test has a p-value = 0,000, indicating a significant difference for creatinine levels pre and post HD. Relationship between Age, Gender, Duration, and Frequency of HD Therapy with the decrease of creatinine levels pre and post HD was analyzed with Spearmen correlation and had p values more than 0,05. It means there was no relation between them. Conclusion there were significant differences in creatinine levels reduction pre and post HD while the relationship between the four of respondent characteristics to the magnitude of creatinine reduction show that there was no significant relationship.

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Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Contaminated with Petroleum Products in Keffi Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas.199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3a) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

JK Makpo ◽

SM Ameh ◽

A Asarya ◽

YP Gambo

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Local Government ◽

Water Samples ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Local Government Area ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Significant Difference

This work assessed the presence of heavy metals in water contaminated with petroleum products in Keffi Local Government Area. Two water sampling station were selected based on the stratified method of sampling of Antau River. Station A is located along Federal Government College Keffi popularly known as Antau Bridge where Agricultural and mechanical activities, with sales of petroleum product take place. Station B was located at Dadin Kowa known as Gada Manu where human activities such as bathing and washing takes place which served as control. The distance between stations is 1km. The procedural plan of this study was monthly sampling of water from both Stations. Materials such as funnel, sampling container, distilled water, conical flask, filter paper, 50ml polypropylene centrifuge tube, cooler were used. Heavy metal concentration was determined using X – ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy (XRF) at the Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. The water parameters of the four samples were determined using the Extech instrument. The result on Physico – chemical parameters revealed the values obtained from contaminated water samples to be pH (7.31), Dissolved Oxygen (1.14), Electrical Conductivity (8.22), Total Dissolved Solid (4.13), Temperature (27.45) and Salinity (0.091) while the controlled Station at point B were pH (7.43), DO (7.35), EC (3.14), TDS (1.54), Temperature (26.75), Salinity (0.o94) respectively. From the result obtained, the heavy metal contaminated samples had the following values: Mg (29.31±), Al (218.69±), Si (230.12±), S (1153.65±), Cl (54.25±), Ca (106.56±), Ti (23.66±), Cr (3.15±), Fe (15.92±), Cd (7.54±). For the control sample at point B, the following values were obtained: Mg (27.49±), Al (223.71±), Si (243.21±), S (94.84±), Cl (23.52±), Ca (28.44±), Ti (32.99±), Fe (16.63±), Cd (7.67±) respectively. The P-value was 0.8105 (p>0.05) for the water quality parameters while for the concentration of heavy metal P-value was 0.2054 (p>0.05). This implies that there was no significant difference between the concentrations of elements. However, the concentration values of heavy metals in the contaminated water at Station A and control water samples at Station B were higher than the World Health Organization values (Standard) for drinking water

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The effectiveness of contrast bath to reduce joint pain in the elderly

MEDISAINS ◽

10.30595/medisains.v17i3.5856 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Esri Rusminingsih ◽

Nur Wulan Agustina ◽

Dyah Ayu Nawang Wulan

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Cold Water ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

Upper Body ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pain In The Elderly

Background: The aging process results in changes in the musculoskeletal system causing a decrease in function of joints, loss of elasticity and limited mobility. This condition also causes joint pain, especially in the joints supporting the body weight, namely the knee. The previous studies discussed the method of reducing pain using a contras bath which was implemented by soaking parts of the body that experience pain alternately with hot and cold water, this was difficult to apply if the pain occurs in the upper body. Modifications in contrast baths using compresses to the knee joint have never been implemented before.Objective: This study aimed to figure out the effect of the contras bath method using compresses to reduce knee joint pain in the elderly.Method: The design of this study was pre-experimental with one group of pretest-posttest. The sample used was 16 elderly who were selected by random sampling at Posyandu (a center for pre- and postnatal health care and information for elderly) in village of Sawit Gantiwarno, Klaten. Contrast bath is applied by giving compresses of warm and cold water alternately with a ratio of three minutes: one minute per-day during 20 minutes, for a week. Pain measurement is performed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) instrument.Result: The mean of knee pain before giving a contrast bath was 5.44, whereas after a contrast bath was 3.50. Bivariate analysis used Wilcoxon, it showed p value <0.05 which means there was a significant difference in knee joint pain before and after contrast baths were applied.Conclusion: Administration of contrast bath can reduce knee joint pain in the elderly.

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