scholarly journals Organization and Activity of NKVD Labor Educational Colonies for Minors in Khabarovsk Region in 1943–1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-421
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhadan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Post War ◽  
Far Eastern

The article, based on documentary sources, the main part of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, aims to analyze and summarize the historical experience of labor educational colonies for minors of the NKVD on the territory of the Khabarovsk territory in wartime (taking into account the events of the Soviet-Japanese war) and in the first post-war months of 1945. Within the framework of this goal, the author sets the following tasks: to specify the social significance of these institutions in relation to wartime conditions; describe the main directions of their activities (educational process and industrial training); establish the causes and nature of the problems that accompanied the activities of educational colonies at the time under review. The publication concludes that being essentially correctional and educational institutions, labor educational colonies for minors performed humanitarian, criminological, preventive, and socio-economic functions during the study period. The main problems in the activity of the colonies, which affected the material and everyday aspects of the life of pupils, the quality of educational work and the educational process, were the lack of material resources and experienced, qualified personnel. It is noted that the functioning of these institutions in the Khabarovsk territory was fully affected by the socio-economic specifics of the far Eastern region with a characteristic shortage of human resources, a relatively weak economic base, an undeveloped infrastructure and a saturation of penitentiary institutions. The author gives a positive assessment of the role of the leadership of the NKVD administration in the Khabarovsk territory in strengthening the discipline of the colony staff, suppressing illegal actions against pupils, creating favorable material and living conditions, and improving the educational and upbringing process.

Historical and criminological analysis of official crime among the personnel of the NKVD in 1941–1945 (based on the materials of the Far Eastern region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Aleksander V. Zhadan
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Far East ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Official Crime ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time

. On the basis of documentary sources, most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the problem of the commission of malfeasance by officers of the NKVD of the Far East in the period 1941–1945 is analyzed. The relevance and practical signific-ance of the study is due to the valuable historical experience that was gained by the law enforce-ment system of the state in the emergency conditions of wartime, including in the field of ensuring discipline and legality. The conclusion is substantiated that among the causes and conditions of official criminality in the NKVD bodies during the war years, the shortage of high-quality person-nel and the growing deterioration of the material situation of personnel, together with shortcom-ings in the systems of professional training, educational work and ensuring their own security, were of decisive importance. Among the criminological features of official criminality of this period, the following are noted: an increase in the number of crimes related to the illegal release of citizens from military service and other restrictions and obligations imposed by law; the specificity of the subject of criminal encroachments; high latency.

AMBIVALENCE OF SOCIAL STIGMATIZATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Svetlana Turkulets ◽  
Aleksei Turkuletc Turkuletc ◽  
Evgenia Listopadova ◽  
Irina Gareeva ◽  
Alexandr Slesarev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Far East

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the article is to study the characteristics of the stigmatization process of modern youth in the Russian Far East. Special attention is paid to living conditions in the Russian Far East, noting that the majority of the population in the Far Eastern region and, above all, young people, are in a situation of social inequality and marginality in relation to the rest of Russians. Many young people associate their life strategies with leaving the territory of the Far East of Russia. Methodology: At the first stage of the study, the method of participant observation was used, which provided primary information about the impact of stigma on the self-identification of young people. At the empirical level of research, such sociological methods as document analysis, sociological surveys in the form of questioning and interviewing were applied. A sociological survey was conducted as a pilot study of the problems of stigmatization among high school and university students of the cities of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Main findings of this article: Stigma is manifested in its own way in different times and in different communities, it is historically and socioculturally specific. Territorial stigma possesses signs of ambivalence, on the one hand, it has a negative effect on the socialization and self-identification process of young people in the Russian Far East, but on the other hand, it can act as an incentive for young people to make an active and conscious choice of their life strategy. Applications of this study: The findings can be used in the implementation of youth policy in the Far Eastern Federal District by state and local authorities in order to prevent the outflow of young people from the region. The main results of the study can be useful for use in the educational process in such disciplines as sociology, political science, regional studies, as well as for the further study of the problems of social stigmatization. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty and significance of the study lie in the fact that in Russian sociology practically no attention is paid to the problems of territorial stigmatization. The theoretical conclusions were obtained on the basis of the original sociological research conducted by the authors of the article in the cities of the Far Eastern region of Russia. The results provided new knowledge of both territorial stigmatization and social stigmatization in general. The novelty of the conducted study lies in the actualization of the problem of social stigmatization of Russian youth living in the Far Eastern region remote from the center of Russia.

scholarly journals The Note on the Humanities and Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Theodor W. Adorno
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
West Germany ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Mass Ideology ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual

The article “The Note on the Humanities and Education” by the german social philosopher Theodor Adorno, a representative of the critical theory of society, was published in 1962. In this philosophical-educational work Theodor Adorno continued the preliminary theme of his critical consideration of the unity of the elements of the culture of the industrial-mass society, which contribute to establishment in social life of industrial-mass ideology as completely dominant. In his philosophical-educational works Theodor Adorno also carried out a critical attack on the school and university education of post-war West Germany. According to the philosopher, this education remains traditionally unchanged, which makes it impossible for any serious anti-ideological transformation in its system. Such changes because of updated educational process could have contributed to the upbringing of a young citizen, a conscious and active participant in democratic transformations in the post-totalitarian society. However, according to Theodor Adorno, the educational process in the unreformed university remains controlled primarily of the agents of the scholarly consciousness, which in no way contributes to the anti-ideological upbringing of students.  In this work Theodore Adorno noted the special significance of the humanities, which in German are translated as “sciences about the spirit”, which traditionally present in German university education. In his opinion, the humanities, as the sciences about the spirit, because of the prevalence in the educational process of the “dictates of the scientific ideal” lost the presence in itself of a factor of the individual human spirit. Theodor Adorno called of the signs of the presence of such a phenomenon in university education: the absolute priority of scientific research among humanities study, the lack of personal pedagogical work of a university teacher with a student of humanities, the tendency of struggle of the agent of the reified scientific consciousness against any different knowledge, the unity of the social and theoretical conformism of the agent of that conceptual consciousness. As in his other philosophical works, Theodore Adorno proposed to perceive of personal activity of a human, what is due to the strength of his individual spirit, the natural factor that is capable of conducting a continuous personal struggle with negative phenomena in education, which ideologically influence to the educational process at the university and in education in general.

RESTORATION OF THE DONBASS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS NETWORK IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1943–1954)

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Mariya Shatokhina
Keyword(s):  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The Social ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Post War

The article is devoted to the peculiarities pointed out in the process of restoration of universities network, vocational and comprehensive schools in the post-war period, namely, the legislative activity in the educational field, the revival of the educational and technical base, recruitment of the teaching staff. The importance of a comprehensive research of the period under the study is vital due to the social and political events and their impact on the revival and development of the Donbass region, as well as the USSR as a whole. Teachers and pupils of schools, professors and students of secondary and higher educational institutions began to restore the educational institutions immediately after the Donbass liberation from the Nazis in 1943. In the first post-war year, due to common efforts, it was possible to resume the educational process almost in all educational institutions. In connection with the law «On Compulsory Education for Children from the Age of Seven», the educational system was given a task to cover all school-age children and adolescents who had not attended school for several years because of hostilities and occupation. Consequently, every month the number of students increased, which led to an acute shortage of teaching staff. This problem was insoluble, since many teachers continued to serve in the Red Army or died while doing military duties to the Motherland. In restoration of the regional industry there was need for highly qualified personnel, who were able to fill the reviving Donbass enterprises thanks to the well-established work of secondary and higher vocational educational institutions. In disclosing the topic, a special place is given to archival sources, the analysis of which made it possible to comprehensively study the problematic issues of that period and determine future prospects of the research.

scholarly journals The NKVD of the Far East in the Fight Against Child Homelessness and Neglect (1941–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Zhadan Alexander V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Far East ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Far Eastern

The problem of child homelessness and neglect in the USSR became one of the grave socio-economic consequences of the Great Patriotic war. These phenomena, instilling in children the skills of antisocial behavior, contribute to the criminalization of the younger generation, the degradation of future labor resources. This publication, based on documentary sources, a significant part of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, aims to analyze and summarize the historical experience of the NKVD of the Far Eastern region in the fight against homelessness and neglect in wartime conditions. The author solves the following problems: analysis of factors contributing to the sharp increase in the phenomena under consideration during the war in the Far East; characteristics of organizational forms and methods used by the NKVD in order to combat child homelessness and neglect; research of the reasons that negatively affected the effectiveness of the internal affairs bodies in this direction. The research uses the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as general scientific and special methods of historical science. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the Far Eastern NKVD bodies were able to achieve significant success by the end of 1945 in countering homelessness, neglect and child crime, however, for a number of objective reasons, they were not able to completely neutralize the negative impact of these phenomena on the Far Eastern society, which affected the level of its criminalization in subsequent years. Organizational forms and methods of combating child homelessness and neglect evolved during the war years, responding to the aggravation of the nature of the problem. In the organizational structure of the NKVD bodies, such elements as departments for combating child homelessness and neglect, children’s rooms of the police, labor educational colonies for minors appeared; interaction with the active public of the region was intensified. Keywords: Far East; children’s police rooms, NKVD receivers and distributors; NKVD bodies, World War II; homelessness and neglect

scholarly journals Regional University: Guidelines for Self-Renewal

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
N. G. Bazhenova
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Region ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Current State ◽  
Regional University ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Self Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Far Eastern

The article presents the history of formation, current state and prospects of development ofSholom-AleichemPriamurskyStateUniversityas the main guidelines for self-renewal of the regional University. The issues of self-renewal and self-development of the organization are viewed through strategic projects and implementation of a change management model. The development of the territorial entity of theRussian Federationis impossible without the development of an educational cluster on its territory. After 50 years of existence of the Jewish Autonomous Region, it became necessary to develop higher education institutions for training personnel that could meet the internal needs of the socio-economic sphere of the region. The author describes external and internal factors that cause the processes of self-renewal of the education system. New challenges, objective demands of the region should be an integral part of the system of self-development of the regional University. A modern regional University as a self-developing system can and should become not just a “filter” for regional innovations, but also the most important tool for their promotion on the territory. It is able to generate new cohorts of active and qualified specialists, who are integrated into the region, grounded in it and able to create new areas of economic and social activities, new jobs. In this case, it is already a two-way process. Despite its dynamics of development,Sholom-AleichemPrimurskyStateUniversityremains a regional university whose strategic goal is to be an educational, research, innovation and cultural regional centre. It focuses on training highly qualified personnel and consolidating intellectual resources that can improve the quality of life, preserve and develop the culture of the Jewish Autonomous Region andRussiaas a whole in the Far Eastern region.

scholarly journals Serbian orthodox confessional primary schools in Romania (1919-1948)

2012 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Sladjana Andjelkovic ◽  
Zorica Stanisavljevic-Petrovic ◽  
Stevan Bugarski
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
School Financing ◽  
Pedagogical Aspect ◽  
Post War ◽  
Material Conditions

This paper shows the importance of Serbian Orthodox confessional primary schools to maintain continuity in the process of upbringing and education of the Serbs in Romania, as well as their outstanding role in preserving traditions, national and cultural identintety. The central questions of work related to the operation and organization of the Serbian Orthodox confessional elementary schools, primarily with the pedagogical aspect, in terms of their curricula, textbooks, teaching organizations, as well as control of work and school financing. Serbian Orthodox confessional school during the entire period of its existence, accompanied by numerous problems and difficulties. The establishment and development of school followed by poor material conditions for educational work, a lack of qualified personnel, war (no) opportunities and poverty of the majority Serbian population, which is in a complex constellation of post-war socio-political circumstances, led to the abolition of these schools. Although they worked in very difficult conditions, as the only schools where the teaching is performed in the native language, they have drawn a significant mark on the part of achieving continuity in education, preservation of culture and tradition of the Serbian population in Romania.

scholarly journals RAILWAY VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS OF SUMY REGION DURING THE PERIOD OF ECONOMY RECOVERY (1943-1950)

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
V. M. Korol ◽  
Ye. O. Slyusareva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
General Education ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
Post War

The article is devoted to the study of the railway vocational schools activities in the context of the restoration processes of 1943-1950. Railway vocational schools belonged to the Labour Reserves (LR) of the USSR. During World War II and the post-war reconstruction LR system was a centralized structure performed the task of ensuring the strategic sectors of Soviet economy by young workers. It was semimilitary and also largely provided the function of social protection of juvenile. Konotop ZU № 1 and Bilopillya ZU № 2 are in the center of researchers’ attention. In particular, the features of the educational process, the recruting of the students contingent, and the material and household provision of the learners during their training are analysed in the article. Components of the education in railway vocational schools were: industrial training, especially technical and general education subjects, political classes and physical or military training. The main emphasis was placed on gaining practical experience by students through industrial training, to which the largest share of the time was assigned. Organizing of extracurricular life of young people was based on the paramilitary training principles. State standards of the free food supply and material conditions in LR were perceived as satisfactory under the postwar hunger and deficiency of goods. Most students lived in hostels while studying. The barracks regime reigned in hostels. Students lived on a very strict and clear daily time-table. The research is based on materials from the State Archive of Sumy Region. Key words: post-war recovery, vocational education, Labour Reserves, railway vocational schools, Sumy region.

scholarly journals Yukhta juvenile colony in 1943—1945

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhadan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Far Eastern

The article, based on previously unpublished archival materials, examines the process of organizing and operating the Yukhta labor educational colony for minors. It is concluded that during the war, the colony played an important role in the fight against homelessness, neglect and prevention of juvenile crime in the far Eastern region. However, when implementing the tasks of keeping teenagers in the colony, the NKVD bodies of the Khabarovsk territory faced a complex of problems related to the lack of qualified personnel and the necessary material resources. The result was a poor situation with the organization of food, clothing allowances and medical care for children, often unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in their places of residence, study and work. At the same time, the studied documents show that the activities of the colony were not repressive in nature, its main task was the socialization of teenagers who fell into a difficult life situation due to wartime, lost their relatives, and took the criminal path of life.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK IN SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Мария Эдуардовна Паатова
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
State Educational

В Федеральных государственных образовательных стандартах общего образования определена стратегическая цель общего образования по отношению к детям - личностное развитие обучающихся, формирование у них системных знаний о различных аспектах развития России и мира. Одним из результатов реализации Примерной программы воспитания, разработанной ФГБНУ «Институт стратегии развития образования РАО», станет приобщение обучающихся к российским традиционным духовным ценностям, правилам и нормам поведения в российском обществе. Программа призвана обеспечить достижение обучающимися личностных результатов, указанных во ФГОС: формирование у обучающихся основ российской идентичности; готовность обучающихся к самоопределению; формирование ценностных установок и социально-значимых качеств личности. Достижение поставленных задач предполагает формирование жизненно-важных компетенций обучающихся. По отношению к детям с девиантным поведением эти задачи приобретают дополнительное социальное значение, т.к. жизненное самоопределение является необходимым условием их успешной социально-педагогической реабилитации вне зависимости от того, в какие конкретно организационные формы воспитания и обучения они включены. Вместе с тем в принятых ФГОС отсутствует расширенный и точный перечень этих компетенций и ясное описание психолого-педагогических механизмов их формирования, что создает определенные технологические и методологические проблемы по их формированию. Социально-педагогическую реабилитацию воспитанников специальных учебно-воспитательных учреждений мы рассматриваем как специально организованный воспитательный процесс формирования у них социально-личностной жизнеспособности. В статье представлена структура социально-личностной жизнеспособности подростков, которая может послужить методологическим основаниям для проектирования психолого-педагогических механизмов формирования жизненно-важных компетенций воспитанников специальных учебно-воспитательных учреждений. В качестве практического применения авторских теоретических представлений представлена программа духовно-нравственного развития, воспитания и социализации воспитанников специальных учебно-воспитательных учреждений, разработанная в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС. The Federal State Educational Standards of General Education define the strategic goal of general education in relation to children - the personal development of students, the formation of their systemic knowledge about various aspects of the development of Russia and the world. One of the results of the implementation of the Tentative Program for Education developed by the Institute of Educational Development Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education will be the introduction of students to Russian traditional spiritual values, rules and norms of behavior in Russian society. The program is designed to ensure that students achieve the personal results specified in the Federal State Educational Standards: the formation of the basics of Russian identity among students; the readiness of students for self-determination; the formation of value attitudes and socially significant personality qualities. Achieving the set tasks involves the formation of vital competencies of students. In relation to children with deviant behavior, these tasks acquire additional social significance, since life self-determination is a necessary condition for their successful socio-pedagogical rehabilitation, regardless of what specific organizational forms of education and training they are included in. At the same time, the adopted Federal State Educational Standards lack an expanded and accurate list of these competencies and a clear description of the psychological and pedagogical mechanisms of their formation, which creates certain technological and methodological problems for their formation. We consider the socio-pedagogical rehabilitation of pupils of special educational institutions as a specially organized educational process of forming their social and personal viability. The paper presents the structure of the socio-personal viability of adolescents, which can serve as a methodological basis for designing psychological and pedagogical mechanisms for the formation of vital competencies of pupils of special educational institutions. As a practical application of the author's theoretical ideas, this publication presents a program of spiritual and moral development, education and socialization of pupils of special educational institutions, developed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document