scholarly journals The image of the Russian province in the travelogues of the XIX century foreign travelers (on the materials of the Yaroslavl province)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Maria V. Aleksandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Alexandre Dumas ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Artistic Image

The article is devoted to the research of foreigners' perception of social and cultural realities of the 19th century Yaroslavl province, using travel notes of French writers and publicists Astolphe de Custine, Alexandre Dumas, Theophile Gautier as an example. The author studies specific construction and representation of the Russian provincial images, addressed to the European reader. Comparing the travelogues of foreign travellers with the Russian texts and historical sources, the author assesses the degree of influence of the author's personality on the narrative and the specifics of the perception of Russian reality by representatives of different cultures. The Yaroslavl province, which is a common location to the three texts, is a relevant example of presenting the image of Russia in the travelogue genre. The objects of the study are the descriptions by foreign authors of Yaroslavl, Rybinsk, Romanov-Borisoglebsk (Tutaev), Uglich, the countryside and the means of transportation. The study reflects the trends towards representing the features of everyday life of different Russian society strata (peasants, nobility), the specifics of the «Russian type» of appearance and Russian character, urban policy and the architectural styles of provincial towns, and the economic aspects of everyday life. The authors of the travesties under study pay attention to stories from Russian history and strive to give a coherent characteristic of the locations. The analysis of the texts reveals such features of the authors' narrative as subjectivity, imprecision, interest in ethnographic and anthropological aspects, and an emphasis on exotic aspects of Russian life for the European reader. The travelogues in question are marked by the desire to construct Russia's artistic image and create a fascinating plot, and by the influence of the author's position and personal image of the author

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ПОНЯТИЯ «СОЦИУМ» В РУССКОЙ ЖИВОПИСИ БЫТОВОГО ЖАНРА XIX ВЕКА

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Maria Tarasova ◽  
◽  
Sabina Maremkulova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Genre Painting ◽  
Divine Essence ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Material Values ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of the study is to reveal the ways of representing the concept of “society” in the works of the genre art in the Russian painting of the 1860-1870s. The research is carried out using the method of philosophical and art history analysis of works of fine art. The main object of the study is the painting “Rural procession on Easter” by Vasiliy G. Perov. The study describes the specific features of the genre art in the Russian painting of the 19th century. The research shows how works of the genre art realize their didactive and educating functions. A theoretical analysis of the concepts of “everyday life”, “being”, “society” made it possible to conclude how genre painting of the 19th century models both an ideal person who is in co-existence with the absolute spirit, and a person who is far from the ideal. In the research the authors reveal two worldview models that developed in Russian painting in the 1860-1870s: a model of a perfect human being and a model of a person who is mired in everyday life. The study proves that the latter human model is represented in index signs of characters that worship only material values. The study investigates the versatility of the pictorial model of the Russian society, represented not only as a community absorbed in the routine of the everyday life, but also as a group of people whose life is elevated upwards to the true existence. The research has resulted in the typology of characters of paintings of the genre art, where the type of the character depends on the model of the society represented by the work of art. In its conclusion the study discloses two models of representing the society in Russian painting of the genre art in the 19th century. According to the first model, the everyday principle acts as an absorber of being. The second model represents a society in which everyday life manifests true existence, in harmony with nature and filled with the divine essence.

scholarly journals The introduction of vaccination practice in the Orenburg Region in the early XIX century

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Diana Maratovna Mifteeva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Civil Resistance ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this work is to research the process of introduction of smallpox prevention in the Orenburg Region in the early 19th century. The author focuses the main attention on the organization and activity of subsidiary medical institutions - smallpox committees. The author shows the role of Free Economic Society, doctors, clergy, civil people in the development of smallpox prevention in the region. Based on the analysis of historical sources which are represented in the state archive of the Orenburg Region (fund 6 the offices of Orenburg military governor) the author makes an attempt to detect the main cause of civil resistance in the region. The author used chronological, historical, retrospective and inquiry learning methods. The conducted research showed that in the 19th century in the Orenburg province there was a system of vaccine prevention of smallpox among the population despite the difficult sanitary and epidemiologic situation, lack of medical institutions and shortage of qualified medical personnel. The formation of this process started in the early XIX century. Thus, effective activities of the state and public organizations during this period let to lower the general illness rate and death rates from natural smallpox among the population in the Orenburg province.

scholarly journals Khivinka by Sergey Durylin: the Poetics of Narration

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Korshunova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Common People ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Artistic Image

<p><span lang="EN-US">The article analyzes the previously unexplored story of Sergey Durylin <em>Khivinka </em>(<em>the story of a Cossack woman</em>) (1924), written by the author in Chelyabinsk exile. The story is written in a narrative manner inherent in literature of the 1920s. Durylin, who is least oriented towards the Soviet everyday life, who is invisibly and silently arguing with the literary majority, creates an artistic image of a woman of the 19th century descending from common people, a Cossack woman, who was captured by the <em>Khivins</em>, based on historical facts recorded by N.&nbsp;K.&nbsp;Bukharin. The article takes into account the literary sources the author built his work on: <em>A Journey Beyond the Three Seas</em> by Afanasiy Nikitin and <em>The Enchanted Wanderer</em> by N.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Leskov. The clearly expressed Easter archetype of &ldquo;A Journey&rdquo; of the story of Durylin outlines the vector of an axiological path of the heroes&nbsp;&mdash; the pilgrimage toward Easter, marked with their return to home. Using the poetics of a tale, the writer draws focus primarily toward a narrative manner of N.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Leskov with its usual confessional character. On the basis of memoirs, it is stated in the article that the writer&rsquo;s wife, Irina Alekseevna Komisarova-Durylina, to whom this story is dedicated, became the prototype of <em>Khivinka</em></span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span></p>

ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF GEĻENOVA

2019 ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Inese Brīvere
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Family Research ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The present research is performed based on the method of source analysis with the objective to study a cultural and historical heritage of the manor at the end of the XIX century. In the Latvian State Historical Archives documents (questionnaires of the All-Russian population census in 1897) contain information about manor and buildings which were once purchased by M. Reut. Objective historical sources have found references to the families of the Bufališki (Geļenova) and fon Reut family at the end of the 19th century. Therefore, the name of the Gelenova Park can be justified. The population census records are useful for family research.

KALMYKS, THEIR ECONOMY AND ONOMASTICS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF TRAVEL GUIDES ON THE VOLGA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
A.A. Burykin ◽  
D.N. Muzraeva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article presents materials on toponymy, ethnonymy and partly on the anthroponymy of the Kalmyks, presented in guides to the Volga in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Language facts are closely related to descriptions of material culture, everyday life, religious beliefs of Kalmyks and inter-ethnic relations of Kalmyks on the Eastern border of their settlement. Descriptions of guidebooks significantly Supplement our knowledge of the culture of the Kalmyks of the second half of the XIX century with details that were not previously paid attention to, in particular, about the literacy of the Kalmyks and the spread of their bookishness in the traditional letter “todo bichig” (“Clear Script”).

scholarly journals DEPARTMENTAL AND BRANCH PERIODICALS IN PUBLIC LIFE AT THE BEGINNING OF XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-720
Author(s):  
V. V. Kalendarova
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Reaction ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Further Development

The article examines the question of the public reaction to the appearance of newspapers and magazines focused on the “serious reading”, using the example of branch and departmental periodicals that appeared in Russia in the late 18th - early 19th centuries. Based on the analysis of readers’ and critics’ responses, as well as of circulation of several studied magazines and newspapers and of their future (disappearance or replacement by another periodical), it is concluded that some of these magazines and newspapers faced difficulties in finding “their own” readers. However, there was a demand for some other public administration periodicals in the Russian society at the beginning of the 19th century, which leaded to their commercial success. These periodicals have laid the foundations for the further development of branch and departmental periodical press in Russia, the wide development of this type of press being observed in the second half of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Antip Panov from the White Sea Coast in the Historical Memory of Russian Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Pashkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Folk Hero ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article turns to the episode of the rescue of Peter I by a local peasant Antip Panov during a storm on the White Sea in June 1694 and covers its reflection in the historical memory of Russian society. This incident is confirmed by several written sources, the most valuable being the story of the Arkhangelsk merchant M.A. Mamonov retold by I.I. Golikov, which contains information about the conflict between the tsar and Panov. Until the mid-19th century, all Peter the Great’s biographers mentioned his rescue in a storm in 1694, but kept silent about the conflict. N.G. Ustryalov rejected I.I. Golikov’s information about Panov, who “boldly shouted at the terrible tsar”, considering it an “invention”. At the same time, a complex of historical legends about Panov had been formed, recorded by S.V. Maksimov in 1855. In fact, Antip Panov became one of the central figures in the historical memory of the Pomors about Peter I and his era. The 19th-century legends contain fictional details and migratory subjects. By the early 20th century, Panov had been viewed by society as both a real historical character and a folk hero. This happened because Panov was mentioned in written historical sources as well as in oral history, which after several generations was transformed into historical legends. These folk traditions have influenced regional historical descriptions as well as Russian historiography. Using the legend about the rescue of Peter I by Antip Panov as an example, the article concludes that collective historical memory is formed on the basis of oral history, which is eventually converted into historical legends, which, in turn, affect both regional historical descriptions and national historiography

scholarly journals NAMES OF THE ALAGIRIAN SOCIETY OF NORTH OSSETIA IN DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS OF THE XIX CENTURY

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
И.Т. Марзоев
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
North Ossetia

Предлагаемая статья посвящена происхождению фамилий Алагирского общества Северной Осетии. Согласно народным преданиям, множество фамилий этого общества происходит от общего родоначальника – осетинского царя Ос-Багатара. Целью данной работы является определение с помощью архивных документов XIX в. происхождения фамилий Алагирского общества – потомков Ос-Багатара, воссоздание их генеалогического древа, получение информации о представителях рассматриваемых фамилий, их браках, а также установление их социально-политической значимости в своем обществе и в Осетии в целом. Объектом исследования являются осетинские фамилии, происходящие от колен Сидамона, Царазона, Кусагона и Агуза, потомков Ос-Багатара. Для выполнения поставленных задач в научный оборот вводятся материалы не опубликованных архивных документов. Это документы «Комитета, учрежденного при Военно-Осетинском округе для разбора поземельных и личных прав туземцев этого округа», посемейные списки, составленные самими представителями фамилий в 1859-1860 гг. и 1871-1872 гг., родословные древа, разного рода прошения на имя чиновников Военно-Осетинского округа и Терской области и др. В работе были использованы общенаучные такие методы, как анализ, синтез, индукция, а также сопоставительный метод, применяемый к историческим источникам для определения степени их достоверности. В статье на основе архивных и опубликованных источников рассмотрены варианты происхождения фамилий Алагирского общества Северной Осетии, возводящих себя к четырем прародителям, сыновьям Ос-Багатара: Сидамону, Царазону, Кусагону и Агузу. Также был определен ряд фамилий Алагирского общества, претендовавших на дворянские привилегии и доказывавших свои права на основе народных преданий, грамот грузинских царей и документов Российской администрации на Кавказе. Материалы данного исследования могут служить дополнительным источником к изучению истории Северной Осетии. Они позволяют более глубоко и основательно исследовать генеалогию осетинских фамилий. The aim of this work is to determine the origin of the surnames of the Alagir society, originating from Os-Bagatar, using archival documents of the 19th century, to recreate their family tree, to obtain information about representatives of the surnames in question, their marriages, as well as to determine their socio-political significance in their society, and in Ossetia as a whole. The object of the study is the Ossetian surnames originating from the tribes of Sidamon, Tsarazon, Kusagon and Aguz, descendants of Os-Bagatar. To accomplish the tasks, materials of unpublished archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation. These are the documents of the “Committee established at the Military Ossetian District for the analysis of the land and personal rights of the natives of this district”, family lists compiled by the representatives of the surnames in 1859-1860. and 1871-1872, the family trees, various petitions addressed to the officials of the Military Ossetian district, Terek region, etc. In the work, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction) were used, as well as a comparative method applied to historical sources to determine the degree of their reliability. Based on archival and published sources, the article discusses the origin of the surnames of the Alagir society of North Ossetia, raising themselves to the four ancestors, the sons of Os-Bagatar: Sidamon, Tsarazon, Kusagon and Aguz. A number of surnames of the Alagir society were also identified, claiming noble privileges and proving their rights on the basis of folk traditions, letters of Georgian tsars and documents of the Russian administration in the Caucasus. Research materials can serve as an additional source for studying the history of Ossetia. They allow you to more deeply and thoroughly explore the genealogy of Ossetian families.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

THE ACTIVITY OF SAMARKAND REGIONAL STATISTICAL COMMITTEE IN SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY -EARLY XX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Jonibek Butaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Samarkand Regional Statistics Committee in the second half of the XIX -early XX centuries. Statistical committees and departments established in the second half of the 19th century in the province of Turkestan and all regions to study the socio-economic, political and cultural life of the country, compile statistical reports and collections, as well as consolidate the colonial policy of the empire. The article analyzes the data of the Statistics Committee and the Department of Samarkand region.

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