scholarly journals Cardiovascular pathology: level of creation and risk factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
D.P. Tsygankova ◽  
◽  
E.D. Bazdyrev ◽  
A.S. Agienko ◽  
E.V. Indukaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of the research is to assess the prevalence of traditional and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among urban and rural residents of large industrial Siberian region, depending on education level. Material and methods. The study included 1600 people, aged 35-70, who are permanent residents of Kemerovo City and Kemerovo region. Considering the living conditions, two groups were formed. The first group included 1109 (69.3%) respondents living in the city and 491 (30.7%) respondents from countryside. The study analyzed such traditional and behavioral risk factors for CVD as body mass index (BMI), glucose levels, lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol of high and low density (LCLD), triglycerides), blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, etc. According to education level, the respondents were subdivided into the following categories: people with school education (primary education, secondary education), people with secondary specialized education (vocational school, technical schools, colleges) and people with higher education (higher educational institution). Results. Average BMI values (30.3 (26.1; 34.6) versus 28.4 (24.9; 32.3)) kg / m2, p<0.001), systolic (135 (121.5; 151.0 ) versus 131.5 (119.0; 147.0)) mm Hg, p = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (89 (80.5; 97.5) versus 86.5 (78.0; 95, 0)) mm Hg, p<0.001), LCLD (3.7 (2.9; 4.4) versus 3.5 (2.8; 4.2)) mmol / L, p = 0.008) were statistically significantly higher among people living in rural areas than among urban citizens. Higher education was associated with BMI decrease by 1.2 kg / m2 (p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure by 3.2 mm Hg (p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure by 2.1 mm Hg (p = 0.001). Moreover, people with such education were characterized by a decreased risk not only of obesity (OR = 0.6, 95% CI [0.5-0.8], p <0.001), but also of arterial hypertension (OR = 0.7 , 95% CI [0.5-1.0], p <0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.72, CI [0.53-0.98], p = 0.037), as well as by an increased risk of developing high level of LDL (OR = 1.36, CI [1.02-1.82], p = 0.038). When conducting a logistic regression analysis, after leveling the influence of gender and age, it was found that smoking was associated with lack of higher education (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.48-0.79, p <0.001). Conclusion. Regardless of place of residence, maximum prevalence of obesity, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus was observed among people with secondary vocational education, while alcohol consumption was observed among people with higher education. Higher education was associated with a reduced risk of obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, smoking, and an increased risk of developing high levels of low-density lipoprotein

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF NEUROHUMORAL ACTIVITY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF MASKED ARTERIAL  HYPERTENSION IN YOUNG MALES

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Lyamina ◽  
A. V. Kosareva ◽  
O. E. Tsareva ◽  
V. N. Senchikhin ◽  
T. P. Lipchanskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Screening Study

Aim. To assess the neurohumoral state, specifics of clinical presentation, prevalence and prominence of cardiovascular and behavioral risk factors in males of young age with masked arterial hypertension (MAH).Material and methods. To the full coverage screening study, 643 participants included, age 18-30 y. o. (mean age 22). Complete clinical and laboratory, instrumental assessments performed, with analysis of neurohumoral activity by the levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, angiotensin II. All participants were selected to groups: MAH (n=61), manifest AH (n=46), normotonics (n=536). Diagnostics of MAH was done in case of positive test of 30 second respiration pause and 24 hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring.Results. In males, MAH was found in 9,5% cases, manifest AH in 7,1%, normotonia in 83,4%. In MAH and manifest AH participants the level of adrenaline was higher than in normotonics: 4,55 pM/L [3,53; 5,1], 6,25 pM/L [4,75; 8,65] and 2,1 pM/L [1,2; 4,5], respectively. Males with MAH had almost 2 times higher level of noradrenaline (19,5 pM/L [18,8; 22,8]) comparing to “normotonics” (8 pM/L [6; 12,1]) and 1,5 times higher than in manifest AH (13,1 pM/L [11,5; 14,4]). Angiotensin II assessment showed that in MAH males it was higher (18,5 pM [15,75; 21,9]), than in normotonics (15,7 pM [13;18,3]), but lower than in manifest AH (20,15 pM [18,9; 21,9]). Food related behavior assessment as of a factor of sodium overconsumption, the higher values were found in MAH patients and in manifest AH (50% and 50%) comparing to normotonics (25%). Early age of smoking beginning found in 28% of MAH males, more prevalent than in normotonics (24%) and manifest AH (15%).Conclusion. In young males MAH is revealed more often than manifest AH. Development of MAH in young males is related to hypersympathicity with raised catecholamines level, disordered 24 hour rhythm “non-dipper”, disorder of BP variability and higher smoking level, than in normotonics.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Fifth Military Sector Health Center, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon: Observational Study

10.2196/18567 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e18567
Author(s):  
Williams Bell Ngan ◽  
Lawrence Essama Eno Belinga ◽  
Alain Serges Patrick Essam Nlo'o ◽  
Frederic Roche ◽  
Luc Goethals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
World Health ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
The Military

Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. They were responsible for 40 million of the 57 million deaths recorded worldwide in 2016. In Cameroon, epidemiological studies have been devoted to NCDs and their risk factors. However, none provides specific information on their extent or the distribution of their risk factors within the Cameroonian defense forces. Objective The objective of our study was to assess the cardiovascular risk of a Cameroonian military population compared with that of its neighboring civilian population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved subjects aged 18 to 58 years, recruited from October 2017 to November 2018 at the Fifth Military Sector Health Center in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. Data collection and assessment were done according to the World Health Organization (WHO)’s STEPS manual for surveillance of risk factors for chronic NCDs and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Five cardiovascular risk factors were assessed: smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, obesity/overweight, hypertension, and diabetes. The risk was considered high in subjects with 3 or more of the factors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were carried out according to their indications. Results Our study sample of 566 participants included 295 soldiers and 271 civilians of the same age group (median age 32 years versus 33 years, respectively; P=.57). The military sample consisted of 31 officers and 264 noncommissioned officers (NCOs). Soldiers were more exposed to behavioral risk factors than civilians, with a prevalence of smoking of 13.9% versus 4.4% (P<.001) and excessive alcohol consumption of 61.7% versus 14.8% (P<.001). They also presented with a higher cardiovascular risk than civilians (odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.50-4.81; P<.001), and among the military participants, the cardiovascular risk was higher for officers than for NCOs (51.6% versus 14.0%, respectively; P<.001). Conclusions Cameroonian soldiers are particularly exposed to cardiovascular behavioral risk factors and consequently are at higher risk of NCDs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04315441; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04315441

scholarly journals Association between Self-Reported Eating Rate, Energy Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pey Sze Teo ◽  
Rob M. van Dam ◽  
Clare Whitton ◽  
Linda Wei Lin Tan ◽  
Ciarán G. Forde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk

Eating faster is associated with greater body mass index (BMI), but less is known about the relationships between eating rate, energy intake, body composition, and cardio-metabolic risk factors in different Asian ethnic groups. Using data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (n = 7011; 21–75 y), we investigated associations between self-reported eating rate (SRER), with energy intake, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids. SRER and lifestyle was assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multivariable models were used to examine the associations of SRER with energy intake, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids after adjusting for covariates. General and abdominal overweight were defined as BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and waist circumference >90 cm (men) and > 80 cm (women), respectively. On average, faster eaters (vs. slower eaters) consumed 105 kcal/day more (p = 0.034), had ~5 kg higher body weight (p < 0.001), 1.3 kg/m2 higher BMI (p < 0.001), and 3.1 cm larger waist-circumference (p < 0.001). Faster eaters had significantly higher blood pressure, circulating triglycerides, and total-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio than slower eaters. Faster eaters were twice as likely to develop general (multivariable-OR: 2.2; 95% CI, 1.8–2.6; p < 0.001), and abdominal (OR: 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5–2.2; p < 0.001) overweight than slower eaters. This association was observed across all subgroups by age, sex, and ethnicity. Findings suggest that SRER is a robust behavioral marker for increased risk of higher energy intake, obesity, and poor cardio-metabolic health, and a modifiable behavioral risk-factor for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in adolescents: Prevalence and associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Silva Dias de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Naiara Ferraz MOREIRA ◽  
Anelise Bezerra de Vasconcelos de MORAES ◽  
Rosangela Alves PEREIRA ◽  
Glória Valeria de VEIGA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Private School ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
School Students ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Clustering Of Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the prevalence of the behavioral risk factors – both isolated and clustered – for chronic diseases, among adolescents. Additionally, its association with various social and demographic variables was estimated. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 1,039 high school students, from public and private schools, elected for convenience, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, as well as crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression were used to assess the association between the variables. Results The most frequently observed risk factors were sedentary behavior (68.8%), alcohol consumption (36.8%), and overweight (26.8%). The clustering of risk factors was observed in 67.5% of the students. Being a girl (OR=1.28; 95%CI=1.01–1.63), Caucasian (OR=1.35; 95%CI=1.06–1.72) or private school student (OR=1.46; 95%CI=1.12–1.88) increased the chance of the clustering of risk factors. The co-occurrence of risk factors was predominantly observed in the case of smoking (OR=4.94; 95%CI=1.46–16.75), alcohol consumption (OR=1.43; 95%CI=1.09–1.88), high consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR=1.57; 95%CI=1.19–2.07), and sedentary behavior (OR=1.40; 95%CI=1.07–1.82). Conclusion The co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors was observed to be higher among girls, Caucasian adolescents, and private school students, as well as, among smokers, alcohol users and adolescents with sedentary habits and a high consumption of ultra-processed foods.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS OF SCHOOL SENIORS IN MOSCOW AND MOSCOW REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
N.I. Sheina ◽  
Z.A. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
School Students ◽  
Different Types

The prevalence of behavioral risk factors according to the survey of pupils of educational and biomedical classes in Moscow and the Moscow region. Tobacco and alcohol consumption is not common among the studied contingent of high school students. 9–11 % of pupils smoke every day, and 35–47 % have tried alcoholic beverages. No significant differences in the spread of harmful habits among schoolchildren of different types of training has been established.

scholarly journals Behavioral Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases Among Medical and Nonmedical Undergraduate Students of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Rajib Mondal ◽  
Rajib Chandra Sarker ◽  
Palash Chandra Banik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background and aims: Behavioral risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are established during early age and continued into adulthood. In Bangladesh, the scenario of NCD risk factors among students was inadequately studied. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of behavioral risk factors of NCDs between undergraduate medical and nonmedical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 undergraduate students (equal number of students from medical and nonmedical backgrounds). Respondents were selected purposively from 5 purposively-selected institutions. Modified WHO STEPS instrument was used for data collection. Respondents were asked about their behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, and alcohol consumption) by face-to-face interviews. Results: Men students were more in both groups. The mean age of the medical and nonmedical students was 22.1±2.0 and 21.8±1.9 years, respectively. Tobacco use was more among nonmedical students than that among the counterpart (22.1% vs. 15.7%). Medical students were more used to take insufficient fruits and vegetables compared to nonmedical students (97.9% vs. 93.6%). Equal proportions (71.4%) of students in both groups were used to perform inadequate physical activity. Alcohol consumption was observed more among nonmedical students (12.9% vs. 8.6%). Conclusion: Behavioral risk factors of NCDs were remarkable among students of both groups, mainly among nonmedical students.

scholarly journals Rapid screening for behavioral risk factors in adolescents in North India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3343
Author(s):  
Poonam Banga ◽  
Tarundeep Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
North India ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Habits get established during the transitional age of adolescence making it important to conduct surveillance to detect high risk behaviours at an early age. Feasibility of such a surveillance system was tested for monitoring the risk factors in schools.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in randomly selected schools of Chandigarh in India, by enrolling 226 students of class V to XII. A pretested structured questionnaire on dietary pattern, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, drug abuse, mental health, sexual behaviour etc., was administered after ensuring privacy and confidentiality.Results: A total of 226 students with a mean age of 14years (range 10 to 19years) participated in the study. The prevalence of tobacco use was 8%, alcohol consumption was 3%, and drug abuse was 4%. About 47% were involved in a physical fight. Around 7% students were overweight. About 50% of the students skipped breakfast during previous week, and 6% had no intake of fruits and vegetables in last one month. Only 53% reported consistent use of seat belts.Conclusions: Several behavioral risk factors were prevalent among school children in Chandigarh. Behaviour surveillance to monitor trends should be conducted at regular intervals.

scholarly journals Fatores de risco para vigilantes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Maria Evani Souza Borges ◽  
Jefferson De Sousa Melo ◽  
Luiza Chayanne Da Silva Soares ◽  
Adélia Dalva Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Sávia De Souza Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus em vigilantes. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado com 23 vigilantes, por meio de um questionário analisado pelo software SPSS e apresentado em tabelas. Resultados: predominou os que praticam atividade física; não fumam; não consomem bebida alcóolica; consomem vegetais, frutas, legumes ou grãos; consomem frituras, salgados ou carnes gordas; têm antecedentes pessoais e familiares de hipertensão e diabetes, com maior ocorrência de hipertensão. A maioria obteve pressão arterial ótima e risco aumentado e muito aumentado para obesidade abdominal. Conclusão: apesar da atividade exercida ser considerada fator predisponente para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus, os pesquisados demonstraram hábitos de vida saudáveis e níveis pressóricos dentro do padrão de normalidade. Descritores: Saúde Pública; Diabetes Mellitus; Hipertensão; Trabalho em Turnos; Fatores de Risco; Enfermagem.                                                                                                                    ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the risk factors for systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in vigilantes. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross - sectional study with 23 vigilantes, through a questionnaire analyzed by SPSS software and presented in tables. Results: predominantly those who practice physical activity; do not smoke; do not consume alcoholic beverage; consume vegetables, fruits, vegetables or grains; eat fried foods, salty foods or fatty meats; have a personal and family history of hypertension and diabetes, with a higher occurrence of hypertension. Most had optimal blood pressure and increased and greatly increased risk for abdominal obesity. Conclusion: although the activity was considered a predisposing factor for systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the subjects showed healthy habits and blood pressure levels within the normal range. Descritores: Public Health; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Shift Work; Risk Factors; Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para la hipertensión arterial sistémica y la diabetes mellitus en vigilantes. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado con 23 vigilantes, por medio de un cuestionario analizados por el software SPSS y presentados en tablas. Resultados: predominó los que practican actividad física; no fuman; no consumen bebida alcohólica; consumen vegetales, frutas, legumbres o granos; consumen frituras, salados o carnes gordas; tiene antecedentes personales y familiares de hipertensión y diabetes, con mayor ocurrencia de hipertensión. La mayoría obtuvo una presión arterial óptima y un riesgo aumentado y muy aumentado para la obesidad abdominal.  Conclusión: a pesar de la actividad ejercida como factor predisponente para la hipertensión arterial sistémica y diabetes mellitus, los encuestados demostraron hábitos de vida saludables y niveles de presión dentro del patrón de normalidad. Descritores: Salud Pública; Diabetes Mellitus; Hipertensión; Trabajo en Turnos; Factores de Riesgo; Enfermería.

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