scholarly journals Analysis of root canal organic tissue dissolution capacity according to the type of irrigation solution and agitation technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Kiany Scarssi Nunes ◽  
Letícia Feron ◽  
Francisco Montagner ◽  
Tiago André Fontoura de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Organic Tissue

Aim: To analyze the root canal organic tissue dissolution capacity promoted by irrigating solutions, with or without the use of different agitation techniques. Methods: Bovine pulp tissue fragments were initially weighed. The following irrigating solutions were tested: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution, and distilled water. The irrigating protocols were: immersion, mechanical agitation with endodontic files, and ultrasonic or sonic systems (Endoactivactor® and Easy Clean®). At the end of the protocols, the pulps were weighed to determine their final weight. For comparison, the average percentage of tissue dissolution in relation to the groups was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test complemented by multiple comparisons test. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Among the irrigation solutions, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite showed a higher dissolving power than 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and distilled water. Furthermore, ultrasonic and sonic systems were more effective irrigating protocols than immersion and mechanical agitation with endodontic files. Conclusions: The combination of sodium hypochlorite with an agitation system promotes a greater degree of tissue degradation.

Effectiveness of Root Canal Debris Removal Using Passive Ultrasound Irrigation with Chlorhexidine Digluconate or Sodium Hypochlorite Individually or in Combination as Irrigants

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Brandao Ferreira ◽  
Melissa Andreia Marchesan ◽  
Yara Teresinha Silva-Sousa ◽  
Manoel Sousa-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cleaning capacity of different auxiliary chemical substances energized with ultrasound in radicular dentin using morphologic analysis. Methods and Materials Twenty-eight single-canal, mandibular incisors were prepared with the Hero 642 canal preparation system following the sequence: 25/12, 30/06, 35/02, and 40/02, 1 mm from the apex. The specimens were then divided into four groups of seven teeth. During biomechanical preparation the teeth were irrigated with 2 ml of distilled water between files. Each group of specimens (n=7) received a final irrigation with 100 ml of the following irrigants that were activated with ultrasound for 3 minutes: Group 1- distilled water; Group 2- 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX); Group 3- 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); and Group 4-the filtrate obtained after combining 0.2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl. The apical portions of the root canals from each group were then submitted to histological processing and analyzed using optical microscopy. Results Results showed statistical differences between the groups (p<0.01). Groups 1 and 2 (distilled water and 0.2% CHX respectively) were statistically similar in terms of a greater amount of debris, whereas 2.5% NaOCl and the filtrate were more efficient in removal of debris. Conclusion There is no additional benefit in terms of debris removal from root canal walls by irrigating with the filtrate obtained from the combination of NaOCl and CHX when compared to using NaOCl alone. Clinical Significance The findings of this study suggest the time and expense of preparing and using a combination of NaOCl and CHX is not warranted compared to using NaOCl alone for root canal irrigation. Citation Ferreira RB, Marchesan MA, Silva-Sousa YT, Sousa-Neto M. Effectiveness of Root Canal Debris Removal Using Passive Ultrasound Irrigation with Chlorhexidine Digluconate or Sodium Hypochlorite Individually or in Combination as Irrigants. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:068-075.

scholarly journals Effect of a Surfactant on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rodolfo Bolfoni ◽  
Marcelo dos Santos Ferla ◽  
Otávio da Silva Sposito ◽  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Rogério de Castilho Jacinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Period Data

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with a surfactant. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days (37 °C). The groups were distributed according to the irrigation solution used during root canal preparation: 5%, 2.5% and 1% NaOCl; 5%, 2.5% and 1% Hypoclean(r), a solution containing a surfactant (cetrimide) associated with NaOCl. Three microbiological samples were collected from each tooth: S1 - before instrumentation; S2 - immediately after instrumentation; and S3 - after a seven-day period. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. The results showed that immediately after root canal preparation (S2), E. faecalis was eliminated in all the experimental groups. However, after 7 days (S3), only the groups in which Hypoclean was used, remained contamination-free, including Hypoclean associated with 1% NaOCl, while the root canals irrigated with 1% NaOCl only, presented the highest percentage of bacterial growth. In conclusion, the addition of surfactant increased the antimicrobial activity of 1% NaOCl to levels similar to 5% NaOCl.

scholarly journals Surface tension of calcium hydroxide associated with different substances

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo Estrela ◽  
Luiz Fernando Guimarães ◽  
Reginaldo Santana Silva ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
High Surface Tension ◽  
Lauryl Ether

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface tension of calcium hydroxide (CH) associated with different substances (deionized distilled water, camphorated paramonochlorophenol, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, Otosporin, 3% sodium lauryl ether sulphate; Furacin, PMC Furacin) using tensiometer. The action of the substances studied on the dentinal structure enhances the property of surface tension. This method consists in the application of force to separate a platinum ring immersed in the substances. Thus, torsion was applied to the screw until the platinum ring separated during substances testing. Considering the methodology applied, the following can be concluded: distilled water alone or associated with CH presented a high surface tension (70.00 and 68.40 dynes/cm); calcium hydroxide in association with anionic detergent showed low surface tension (31.60 dynes/cm); camphorated paramonochlorophenol plus CH presented low surface tension (37.50 dynes/cm); 2% chlorhexidine associated with calcium hydroxide showed high surface tension values (58.00 dynes/cm); Otosporin plus calcium hydroxide showed low surface tension (35.40 dynes/cm); paramonochlorophenol Furacin mixed with calcium hydroxide presented surface tension equal to 45.50 dynes/cm; sodium hypochlorite presented high surface tension (75.00 dynes/cm). Antimicrobial agents more indicated in endodontics, i.e. CH, chlorhexidine and hypochlorite, presented the highest surface tension.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of the effectiveness of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite associated with rotary instrumentation for root canal cleaning

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flares Baratto-Filho ◽  
Jacy Ribeiro de Carvalho Jr. ◽  
Luiz Fernando Fariniuk ◽  
Manoel D. Sousa-Neto ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Histological Preparation ◽  
Group I

This study evaluated the cleaning capacity of Profile .04 instruments with different concentrations of NaOCl solutions on flattened root canals. Twenty central mandibular incisors were divided into 4 groups: Group I: 0.5% NaOCl; Group II: 1% NaOCl; Group III: 5% NaOCl; Group IV: distilled and deionized water. After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth were submitted to histological preparation and morphometric analysis. Morphometric analysis showed that the 5% NaOCl was significantly more efficient in cleaning the root canal than 0.5% NaOCl and distilled water, which had the lowest levels of cleaning of the root canals (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Actual Chlorine Concentration and the Required Time for Pulp Dissolution Using Different Naocl Irrigating Solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Alberto Dagna ◽  
Riccardo Beltrami ◽  
Claudio Poggio ◽  
Mariano Malvano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Pulp Sample ◽  
Plastic Containers

INTRODUCTION The goal of root canal treatment is to shape and clean the endodontic space, reducing the bacterial load and removing the pulp tissue. Obviously, the action of the endodontic instruments is limited to the main canals, regardless of the complexity of the endodontic space. Consequently, finding the best possible cleaning technique, which can be obtained chemically using irrigation solutions, is a fundamental aid in the endodontic therapy. One of the most commonly used root canal irrigant is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), available in various commercial formulations. The effectiveness of NaOCl is undeniable. However, the action of dissolution of the pulp tissue is merely dependent on the concentration and the characteristics of the irrigant itself. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the effective concentration of different commercial formulas of sodium hypochlorite, by evaluating the percentage of total chlorine in each product. The dissolution capacity of the pulp tissue of each of the tested products was then analyzed by measuring the required time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three commercial types of sodium hypochlorite were selected for this study: 5% NaOCl (ACE, Procter &amp; Gamble), 5% NaOCl (N5, Simit Dental) and 6% NaOCl (CanalPro, Coltene). For each product, 10 packages were used, from which samples of the product were taken and 30 x 5 ml tubes were filled. All samples were divided into 3 groups and were analyzed using the DIN EN ISO 7393-2 method and the percentage of total chlorine (expressed as a percentage) was calculated. 40 samples of vital pulp were obtained from teeth freshly extracted for periodontal reasons and stored in physiological solution. In order to unify the size and weight of the samples (0.0001 mg), a microtome and a precision balance (Pro Explorer Ohaus) were used. Each sample, carefully examined by stereomicroscope (40x), was placed in artificial plastic containers and submerged in 0.1 ml of irrigating solution at room temperature (26 &deg; C). A fourth control group used saline solution as irrigant. Simultaneously with the insertion of the irrigating solution, a digital stopwatch was activated and the time necessary for the complete dissolution of the pulp sample was measured. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The average percentages of chlorine detected for each group were: 4.26% (ACE), 5.16% (N5) and 5.97% (CanalPro). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences between the different commercial formulations of hypochlorite (P &lt;0.05). CanalPro showed the lowest values, while ACE showed the highest values of dissolution time of the pulp. DISCUSSION The analysis of the total chlorine percentage found that the actual concentration of the sodium hypochlorite in the samples is close to the values declared by the manufacturers both in the case of N5 and CanalPro. On the contrary, the concentration detected in the samples of common bench bleach (ACE) is significantly lower, which has average values less than 5%. This explains the longer time taken for the complete dissolution of the pulp tissue. The average dissolution time of the pulp samples was in fact inversely proportional to the concentration detected in the tested irrigants, so that a lower time corresponds to a higher concentration.

scholarly journals Debris Apically Extruded by Two Reciprocating Systems: A Comparative Quantitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Pinho Amaral ◽  
Patrícia Bastos Oliveira Conceição Limongi ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽  
Alexandre Sigrist De Martin ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Da Silveira Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Reciprocating Systems

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of debris apically extruded after instrumentation with two reciprocating systems. Materials and Methods Forty-two single-rooted mandibular premolars with only one straight root canal and apical diameter compatible with a no. 15 K-file were randomly divided into two groups (n = 21) according to the instrument used: ProDesign R (Easy Equipamentos; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil) and Reciproc Blue (VDW; Munich, Germany). Dry Eppendorf tubes were weighed three consecutive times for the initial mean weight. A silicone stopper was then fitted into the mouth of the tube. Each tooth was inserted through the stopper up to the cementoenamel junction and instrumented with one of the two systems to the predetermined working length (18 mm). The root canals were instrumented per root thirds. At each instrumented root third, the canal was irrigated with 3 mL of double-distilled water, followed by patency control. Each stopper was then separated from the tube and tubes were incubated at 70°C for 5 days. Tubes were again weighed, and the amount of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial mean weight from the final mean weight. Statistical Analysis Results were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test at a 5% significance level. Results No significant difference was observed in debris extrusion between the ProDesign R and Reciproc Blue systems (p = 0.7557). Conclusions The two reciprocating systems tested produced similar amounts of postinstrumentation apically extruded debris.

scholarly journals Pulp Tissue Dissolution Capacity of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Cetrimide and Polypropylene Glycol

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Helena Silva de Almeida ◽  
Natália Gomes e Silva Leonardo ◽  
Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes ◽  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Erick Miranda Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Concentration Of Solutions ◽  
Univariate Anova

This study evaluated the influence of the addition of cetrimide and polypropylene glycol to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on its capacity to dissolve pulp tissue. Bovine pulp fragments with standardized weight and volume were immersed for 5, 15 and 30 min in 2 mL of NaOCl and Hypoclean (NaOCl added with cetrimide and polypropylene glycol) solutions at 5.25%, 2.5%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.25% and afterwards re-weighted. Distilled water was used as a control. The percentage of tissue loss was considered for statistical analysis (univariate ANOVA, SPSS, v. 17.0) at 5% significance level. There was no tissue dissolution in the control group. NaOCl added with surfactants (Hypoclean) dissolved more pulp tissue (p<0.05) than NaOCl alone. Tissue dissolution was directly dependent on the concentration of solutions (p<0.05), and also on the time range (p<0.05). The combination of NaOCl at high and low concentrations with the surfactants cetrimide and polypropylene glycol increased significantly its capacity to dissolve pulp tissue.

scholarly journals Consideration of the Therapeutic Potential of Irrigants in Endodontic Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dajana Nogo-Zivanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Bjelovic ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovic ◽  
Tatjana Kanjevac ◽  
Irena Tanaskovic
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

AbstractThe main objective of endodontic treatment is to remove vital and necrotic remnants of pulp tissue and microorganisms and their toxic products from the root canal. During chemo-mechanical endodontic preparation, a smear layer is formed on the wall of the canals. Due to an inability to remove all tissue remnants and the smear layer from the root canal by mechanical instrumentation, it is necessary to use irrigation to ensure sufficient cleaning and disinfection of the largest part of the root canalicular system. The most commonly used irrigants are sodium hypochlorite (Na-OCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid and chlorhexidine (CHX). Recently, the irrigants QMix and MTAD have been introduced to the market. They are a mixture of different components having antimicrobial, organolytic and mineralytic effects on canal detritus and the smear layer. This review article investigates irrigants in terms of the nature of their effect, their efficiency, optimal concentration, and method of use, and the interactions between the irrigants most commonly used in endodontic therapy are discussed, with special emphasis on QMix and MTAD.

scholarly journals A Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Various Root Canal Irrigating Solutions on Endodontic Pathogens: An in vitro Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Misuriya ◽  
Archana Bhardwaj ◽  
Sanjay Aggrawal ◽  
PS Pawan Kumar ◽  
Satyanarayana Gajjarepu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Micro Organisms

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Evolution in understanding the poly-microbial environment of both endodontic infections and that of failed root canal treatments has been debatable over the years. The present study was designed to compare and analyze the effect of various root canal irrigation solutions on certain endodontic pathogens in vitro. Materials and methods To analyze in vitro the zone of inhibition of the micro-organisms the following irrigating solutions were employed: a. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5% b. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 3% c. Chlorhexidine 2% d. Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% e. Doxycycline 0.01% f. Doxycycline 0.005% g. MTAD. An agar culture plate inoculated with four endodontic pathogens was used namely 1. Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC-439) 2. Candida albicans (MTCC-183) 3. Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC-25586) 4. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC-27337) The inoculums were streaked out on the trypticase soy agar plate for discrete colonies with a wire loop using standard method. The inoculated plates carrying the antibiotic disks were incubated in an anaerobic jar in the following way–Anaerobic incubation–the following procedure was used to provide anaerobiosis with an increased concentration of carbon dioxide. By this method the zone of inhibition obtained by different irrigating solutions against different pathogens could be compared. Results MTAD showed maximum antibacterial activity. In case of C. albicans MTAD was less effective than 5% NaOCl, 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX, 0.12% CHX. However, it was more effective against E. faecalis, F. nuleatum and P. anaerobicus. In any case, antimicrobial activity is not the only prerequisite for an endodontic irrigant. E. faecalis strain used in this study showed resistance to doxycycline; also doxycycline was ineffective against C. albicans at 0.01% and 0.005% concentrations. Conclusion It was found that MTAD was more antimicrobial than 5% NaOCl for some of the test micro-organisms; however the ability of MTAD to dissolve pulp tissue is not comparable to 5% NaOCl. In addition, 5 and 3% NaOCl showed significant antimicrobial activity against all test micro-organisms. The best option for a primary endodontic irrigant therefore is 5% NaOCl. How to cite this article Misuriya A, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj A, Aggrawal S, Kumar PSP, Gajjarepu S. A Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Various Root Canal Irrigating Solutions on Endodontic Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):153-160.

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