Chinese Intellectuals’ Bianfa Reform Movement and the Nationalistic View of Administrating the World from the Perspective of Modern China Discourse - Focusing upon Kang Yu-wei’s Datong World -

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 365-389
Author(s):  
Yon-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reform Movement ◽  
Modern China ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals

Rashid Rida’s Struggle to Establish A Modern Islamic State

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Assad N. Busool
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Presence

Reform movements are important religious phenomena which haveoccurred throughout Islamic history. Medieval times saw theappearance of religious reformers, such as al-Ghazali, Ibn Taimiyah,Ibn Qayim al-Jawziyah and others; however, these reform activitiesdiffered significantly from the modern reform movement. The medievalreformers worked within Muslim society; it was not necessary to dealwith the external challenge presented by Europe as it was for themodern Muslim reformers after the world of Islam lost its independenceand fell under European rule. The powers of Europe believed that Islamwas the only force that impeded them in their quest for world dominanceand, relying on the strength of their physical presence in Muslimcountries, tried to convince the Muslim peoples tgat Islam was ahindrance to their progress and development.Another problem, no less serious than the first, faced by the modernMuslim reformers was the shocking ignorance of the Muslim peoples oftheir religion and their history. For more than four centuries,scholarship in all areas had been in an unabated state of decline. Thosereligious studies which were produced veered far from the spirit ofIslam, and they were so blurred and burdened with myths and legends,that they served only to confuse the masses.The ‘Ulama were worst of all: strictly rejecting change, they still hadthe mentality of their medieval forebearers against whom al-Ghazali,Ibn Taimiyah and others had fought. Hundreds of years behind thetimes, their central concern was tuqlid (the imitation of that which hadpreceeded them through the ages). For centuries, no one had dared toquestion this heritage or point out the religious innovations it impaired.In conjunction with their questioning of the tuqlid, the modernreformers strove to revive the concept of ijtihad (indmendentjudgement) in religious matters, an idea which had been disallowedsince the tenth century. The first to raiseanew the banner of $tihad inthe Arab Muslim world was Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani; after himSheikh Muhammad ‘Abduh in Egypt, and after him, his friend and ...

FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION ON THE BASIS OF THE INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Elena Lytvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Business Structures

The article discusses the key issues of achieving the goals of modernization, namely, China's interaction with the world economy. Chinese economists believe that the process of globalization cannot be stopped, but it can be radically changed and directed to the benefit of China's economy, most likely with the help of transnational corporations. The revitalization of integration processes among developing countries has been observed against the backdrop of the successful development of the Western European model of economic integration. In this way, integration first affected the sphere of production and then the sphere of mutual trade. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of adaptation to the changing economic conditions and innovative development of business structures operating in international business and the proposal of specific schemes for their construction in accordance with the world markets requirements. Notice that, there is a change in the principles of regional integration development at the present stage. Developing countries are actively seeking to participate in integration processes, since the leading powers prefer to use territorial disputes in their foreign policy and there is a risk of potential threats from border states. For centuries, China has held the leading position in the world in terms of quality of life. However, modern China is not one of the developed countries in any of the established classifications, and therefore the current work explores the modernization theories of the economies of developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the entire world trade, production, trade and logistics chains have been destroyed, stock indices are declining, industrial production has been suspended, oil prices have collapsed, demand for goods is reorienting. Since China is the main trade partner of Ukraine and many Ukrainian enterprises are associated with the PRC by purchasing both goods or components for their production, it clearly will not affect our trade relations for the better.

scholarly journals THE EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION OF PUJA TRI SANDHYA FROM INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Inten Mayuni
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Dynamic Equivalence ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
The Government

Puja Tri Sandhya is Hindus prayer known in all countries. The original prayer came in Sanskrit language, but every Hindus believer already translate the prayer into their native language. In 1950, Balinese Hindus used Puja Tri Sandhya to get the recognition from the government allowing Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia (PHDI)—the major reform movement and Hindus organization in Indonesia—to translate Puja Tri Sandhya into Indonesian. This translation aimed to make every Hindus believer in Indonesia knows about the meaning of the mantras. Besides Indonesian, Puja Tri Sandhya is also translated into the universal language that 20 percent of the world spoke, English. English is believed to give the best medium to other people who want to learn more about Hindus or simply just curious. As a reminder, in this paper Indonesian will be the source language (SL) and English will be the result of the translation so we shall call it target language (TL). In translation, equivalency will be the point to show if the translation is well translated or not. In their book The Theory and Practice of Translation (1959), Nida and Taber state two kinds of equivalency that the translator can use as their reference they are: formal and dynamic equivalence. Here, Puja Tri Sandhya in Indonesian and English versions will be analyzed using 2 kinds of equivalences by Nida and Taber.

scholarly journals Reflections on Contrasting Views on Themes in Chinese Civilization

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Haaland
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Yuan Dynasty ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Yuan Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Empire

CORRECTION: On Page 9, Paragraph 3, Line 7, the date of the Yüan dynasty (1279 – 1368) has been changed to Yüan dynasty (1271 – 1368). Like any complex civilization, China contains the confluence of range of traditions of knowledge that people draw on in their interpretations of and reactions to events in the 'world' they are exposed to. However traditions of knowledge serve multiple purposes and may lead to contradictory views on important issues. Chairman Mao when reflecting on two dominant cultural traditions – the Confucian school and the Legalist school - stated that in China there is always two opposite viewpoints. The traditions of knowledge expressing such divergent viewpoints had for more than 2000 years been nurtured and elaborated in the organizational context of the Chinese Empire. An important concern in these traditions is their emphasis on lessons to be drawn from past historical experiences. In the present situation the historical consciousness allows for alternative guidelines for interpreting events taking place on national as well as on global arenas. Keywords: modern China; Leninist capitalism; Confucian superstructure; guanxi; corruption; mianzi (face) DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4510 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.1-20

Liu Xiaobo, Charter 08 and the Challenges of Political Reform in China

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Nobel Peace Prize ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals

In December 2008 some 350 Chinese intellectuals published a manifesto calling for reform of the Chinese constitution and an end to one-party rule. Known as “Charter 08,” the manifesto has since been signed by more than 10,000 people. One of its authors, Liu Xiaobo, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010 but has remained in prison since 2009 for subversive crimes. This collection of essays—the first of its kind in English—examines the trial of Liu Xiaobo, the significance and impact of Charter 08, and the prospects for reform in China. The essays include contributions from legal and political experts from around the world, an account of Liu's trial by his defence lawyers, and a passionate—and ultimately optimistic—account of resistance, repression and political change by the human rights lawyer Teng Biao.

Enlightenment and Unity: Language Reformism in Late Qing China

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Modern China ◽  
New Culture Movement ◽  
Language Reform ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Late Qing China ◽  
May Fourth ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals

The movement to create a phonetic script for the Chinese language was arguably one of the most arresting and exciting engagements in modern China. While generations of Chinese intellectuals tirelessly applied themselves to sorting out the linguistic technicalities in devising a Chinese phonetic system, what made language reform—or, depending on the perspective taken, revolution—historically so intriguing was that it had been a fiercely contested domain where a fascinating array of ideological positions was staked and contended. As John de Francis has observed, there had always been ‘a significant correlation between attitudes toward social change and attitudes toward linguistic reform in China’. Indeed, Qian Xuantong insisted at the height of the May Fourth New Culture Movement that to destroy Confucianism, one must ‘first dispose of the Chinese language’, whereas the Communist-led latinization movement of the 1930s, for its part, was meant to create a medium for the emergence of a true proletarian culture.

scholarly journals A cross-cultural perspective on musealization: the museum’s reception by China and Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Wan-Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
The West ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals

Historically museums emerged in the West and were subsequently taken up by people in other regions of the world, including the Far East, where the museum was adopted with alacrity by Japanese and Chinese intellectuals. This article explores how China and Japan imagined museums when they first encountered them in the West. It sketches how intellectuals in these two nations began to conduct ‘musealization’, and suggests that the museum in China and Japan was a product of appropriation of Western formats that was, however, deeply influenced by traditional attitudes to cultural preservation and display.

scholarly journals CHINESE CULTURAL VALUES AS A PART OF "BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE" PROJECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Fei Xie ◽  
Nataliia Kalashnyk ◽  
Zhenxuan Fan ◽  
Oksana Mkrtichan ◽  
Valeriia Hryhorenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a global development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013. Some experts believe that this project is an attempt to spread Chinese dominance in the region and adjacent territories through the economical initiative. But together with the economic purposes, the BRI aims spreading the Chinese cultural and citizenship values over the local cultures of the countries involved by forming a common cultural space. This article aims to show how the Chinese government uses the BRI Project to demonstrate the achievements of Chinese society in social and cultural life, introduce the modern China to the world, level stereotypes about the Chinese worldview and lifestyle, which were formed in the world due to a certain isolation of China, lack of reliable information about China in the world and some other reasons. At the article the following methods, typical for theoretical research, were used: observation, analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparing, narration, conclusion making etc. The result of the research is the summation of implicit information and the confirmation of the hypothesis that this project is of great cultural importance (to familiarize the world with modern China and its socio-cultural achievements more than in the opposite direction) and uses a wide range of tools to achieve goals.  

scholarly journals THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19: ISLAM’S STAND BASED ON THE H’ADITH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Al Kafil Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

The appearance of COVID-19 as a pandemic has shocked the whole world recently since the ending part of 2019. Although different views are found available from different religious viewpoints, the subject has attracted the whole world with the exercise of communal dialogue in India particularly when some cases have been reported to be found in the participants of Tablighi Jamaat (an unorganized Islamic reform movement) gathered at Nizamuddin Markaz (center) in Delhi. Whatever may be the purpose of those communal talks amongst people trying to make either the conservative Muslims responsible or the government administration concerned, it is the duty of a Muslim to make it clear in front of the world the views concerning pandemic based on the hadiths. The hadiths are the collection of Islamic traditions that contain the sayings, advice, or instructions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The paper is an effort to present the stand of Islam on pandemic and infectious diseases and how a Muslim should react to a COVID-19 like circumstances.

scholarly journals To Win at Life: Tradition and Chinese Modernities in EVE Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Page
Keyword(s):  
Modern China ◽  
Single Server ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
The World ◽  
Liberal Economy ◽  
Conservative Attitude ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Server Design ◽  
Radical Freedom

EVE Online is well-knowns for allowing bad behavior like scamming, stealing and betraying, and previous research has explored how that behavior is enabled and governed by the affordances of the game. Comparatively little attention has been paid to the “community norms” that are often contrasted with the developer’s management. Here, I consider the influence of culture in China on the play of EVE. Where the narrative of globalization suggests that the world is becoming more homogenous, anthropologists look at the micro-level to see how new forms of modernity are created. EVE’s (intended) single-server design, liberal economy, and radical freedom are particularly characteristic of an assemblage of global flows, and the game’s neoliberal fantasy is transformed in play.In EVE, tradition is used by Chinese people to make sense of their modern situation, explaining to themselves why Chinese players play more conservatively than others. Without suggesting that Chinese players are universally or essentially different from players in the rest of the world, these differences can be at least partly attributed to the culture of modern China. I consider the lifeworld of a typical EVE player in China, who are over 95% young men, focused on the need to save money and provide for their family, both their parents and their potential children. Players frequently compared the conservative attitude toward money in the actual world with their own conservative play of EVE, or their perceived conservative play of other players.

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