scholarly journals RISK FACTOR OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY BY USING LITERATURE REVIEW METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Winda Fatma Sari ◽  
Adityawarman Adityawarman ◽  
Budiono Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pregnancy History ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
History Of

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy outside the uterus, embryo could attached to thefallopian tube, ovary cervix or cervix. Around 85-90% incidence of ectopic pregnancy is found inmultigravid women. According to data from the Health Office, maternal mortality in 2017 tendsto increase in the last two years. Not only it is a major predictor of mortality and morbidity inpregnant women, but individuals with a history of ectopic pregnancy have a greater risk. Thepurpose of this research was to determine the risk factors that cause ectopic pregnancy by usingliterature studies review. Method:This study used a systematic review of articles that publishedbetween 2013-2020 in the Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. 10 articles that meet theinclusion and exclusion criteria, included as a sample for further review. The results regarding torisk factors that caused ectopic pregnancy in each article were systematically synthesized. Results:Risk factors found to be significantly associated with the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in thearticle were age (2), infertility (2), IUD (3), PID (3), Ectopic Pregnancy History (5), Progestine Pills (2), History of Abortion (1), Smoking (3). Conclusions: age, infertility, IUD, PID, history of ectopic pregnancy, progestine pill, History of abortion, and smoking were risk factors that hadsignificant relationship with the incidence of ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals What Really Causes Necrotising Enterocolitis?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Peter Fox ◽  
Charles Godavitarne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Abdominal Emergency ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Single Well

Background. One of the most serious gastrointestinal disorders occurring in neonates is necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). It is recognised as the most common intra-abdominal emergency and is the leading cause of short bowel syndrome. With extremely high mortality and morbidity, this enigmatic disease remains a challenge for neonatologists around the world as its definite aetiology has yet to be determined. As current medical knowledge stands, there is no single well-defined cause of NEC. Instead, there are nearly 20 risk factors that are proposed to increase the likelihood of developing NEC. Aims and Objectives. The aim of this project was to conduct a comprehensive literature review around the 20 or so well-documented and less well-documented risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis. Materials and Methods. Searches of the Medline, Embase, and Science direct databases were conducted using the words “necrotising enterocolitis + the risk factor in question” for example, “necrotising enterocolitis + dehydration.” Search results were ordered by relevance with bias given to more recent publications. Conclusion. This literature review has demonstrated the complexity of necrotising enterocolitis and emphasised the likely multifactorial aetiology. Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which each risk factor is implicated in necrotising enterocolitis.

Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Multi-center Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooria Atta ◽  
Fahima Aram ◽  
Nafisa Naseri ◽  
Mahbooba Sahak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy in which fertilized oocyte implants outside the endometrial cavity. Although there is no known etiology for ectopic pregnancy, some risk factors of EP have been determined. It has been evident that ectopic pregnancy can be of multifactorial origin. This multicenter research aims to study risk factors associated with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in women living in Kabul. Methods: A multicenter case control study was conducted in five tertiary maternity hospitals located in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 457 pregnant women were included in this study. In the case group, women with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy, while in control group women with intrauterine pregnancy were included. For each case in this study, two controls were enrolled. Results: The mean (SD) age of women in case group was 27.9 (6) years while in control group it was 26.4 (5.5) years. This difference was not statistically significant. We found a significant association between history of abortion and EP (Adj. OR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.42). Having history of abdominal/pelvic surgery was a risk factor for EP with adjusted OR 1.94 (95%CI: 1.15, 3.30). In this study we found an increasing risk of EP in women of 35 years or older compared to younger women (Crude OR=2.26; p= 0.024). In women reporting prior EP, the chance of its recurrence was increased (Crude OR= 9.64; 95%CI: 1.1, 83.2). No association of gravidity and parity was found with EP incidence. Conclusions: In this study we found a statistically significant association between history of abdominal/pelvic surgery and EP. In addition, history of abortion was suggested as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. In case of having a previous EP probability of its recurrence will be increased. Women with advanced age having other potential risk factors will be facing higher risk of EP.

scholarly journals Review of ectopic pregnancy at tertiary care center: 2 years analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4036
Author(s):  
Suman S. Sharma ◽  
Ashish V. Gokhale ◽  
Shonali Agarwal ◽  
Dimpi Modi ◽  
Kajal Gedia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Identifiable Risk Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is defined as any intra or extra-uterine pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants at an aberrant site which is inconducive to its growth and development. It is a catastrophic and life-threatening condition and one of the commonest acute abdominal emergencies affecting approximately 2% of all pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to review cases of ectopic pregnancy and determine: incidence, high risk factors, types of clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, management, morbidity and mortality.Methods: The present study, conducted over a period of 2-year, total number of deliveries was 16,144 and total number of ectopic pregnancies was 116. More than half of the cases (56.04%) had one or the other identifiable risk factor. Results: Amongst the various risk factors studied, history of previous pelvic surgery (15.43%), history of Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (12.9%), use of Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) (10.3%) and either spontaneous or induced abortion (7.76%) has been found. History of self-administered medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) pill was present in 3.45%. Repeat ectopic pregnancies were seen in 1.72%. There was no identifiable risk factor in 49.63% of cases.Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is a major challenge in obstetrical practice because of its varied clinical presentation. It can be diagnosed early by keeping a high index of suspicion. Undue delay in referral reduces significant morbidity and improves the chances of preserving future fertility. Mass education regarding safe abortion practices and post abortal care should be promoted. Unsupervised usage of MTP pill intake should be condemned. 

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes of ectopic pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4277
Author(s):  
Roopa Malik ◽  
Shaveta Jain ◽  
Nirmala Duhan ◽  
Daya Sirohiwal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Past History ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a life threatening gynaecological emergency, and a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, management strategies and outcome of the patients with EP.Methods: This was a prospective study of all cases of ectopic pregnancies admitted and managed at PGIMS Rohtak over a period of 1 year. All patients admitted through accident and emergency unit as well as the gynaecology clinic that were managed in gynaecological ward were included in the study. The diagnosis of EP was made by history, clinical examination, urinary pregnancy test and ultrasound examination. Patients were managed as per hospital protocol and relevant data on age, parity, clinical presentation, risk factors, management and findings at laparotomy, and the outcome of treatment were collected.Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in this study was 1.056%. The mean age of the patients was 27±3 years. Of the 102 ectopic pregnancies, 86 (84.31%) were ruptured ectopic pregnancies, while 16 (15.68%) were unruptured ectopic pregnancies. The commonest clinical complaint was abdominal pain (97 of 102, 95.09%) History of previous abortion (induced or spontaneous) was the commonest risk factor (92 of 102, 90.19%) followed by past history of pelvic inflammatory disease (56 of 102, 54.90%). History of tubal surgery was present in 27 of 102 patients (26.47%). commonest surgical procedure done was emergency laparotomy followed by salpingectomy (67 of 102, 65.68%).Conclusions: EP is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in early pregnancy and has remained a reproductive health challenge. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve reproductive outcomes. 

scholarly journals Systematic Review Of Risk Factor Of Intestinal Parasite Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Nur Afidah Novitasari ◽  
Mohammad Zainal Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection

Background: Intestinal parasites infection is a common problem in the world. Intestinal parasites infection causes morbidity, mortality, and complication. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the intestinal parasite infection risk factors by using a systematic review of intestinal parasite infection-related existing publications. Methods: This study used a systematic review method. A systematic review of intestinal parasite risk factors was then performed following PRISMA guidelines. The data source of this study was derived from the literature obtained through the internet in the form of research results from publications in journals that were conducted in Hindawi, PubMed, emedicalj, tandfonline, knepublishing, portalnepas, ojs unud, plos, jurnal.umsb, and publications were assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. The population is the research paper about prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasites infection from 2013-2019 and 35 studies were used. Inclusion criteria were researched that identifies risk factors intestinal parasites infection and uses primary data for the research. Exclusion criteria were review study and use secondary data for the study. Data are presented in tabular form. Univariate analysis to see the average, minimum and maximum values, and frequency and percentage distribution. Results: The results of the systematic study analysis are that the most risk factors for intestinal parasite infection are age, sex, residence, toilet, washing hand with soap before a meal, shoe-wearing habit, trimming nails, eating undercooked food, personal hygiene, and source of drinking water. Conclusions: Intestinal parasites can occur in children, adolescents, and adults who are affected by demographic factors, clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors and lifestyle. Cleanliness, health, and lifestyle are aspects that need to be improved to prevent intestinal parasites. Keywords:  intestinal parasites infection, lifestyle, risk factor, systematic review

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish K. M. ◽  
Shwetha N. ◽  
Nalini N.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy and its impact on women’s fertility in recent years need significant attention.Methods: A two years prospective study from January 2018 to December 2019 conducted to determine incidence, association of risk factors with ectopic pregnancy and find the most common risk factor of ectopic pregnancy in department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, a tertiary care Hospital in Pune.Results: During the study period 100 patients were diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy. Incidence was 5.29 per 1000 births. Majority were in the age group of 20-24 years (42%), multiparous (59%) and belong to low socioeconomic state (62%). In majority of the patients (22%) no risk factors was found. Among the patients who had risk factors, the main risk factors for ectopic pregnancy were history of history of pelvic inflammatory disease (20%), previous tubal/abdominal surgery (12%), history of Infertility (10%), previous termination of pregnancy (10%), contraception with mirena IUS or IUCD in situ (8%) and a history of prior ectopic pregnancy (4%).Conclusions: In majority (78%) of patients risk factors for ectopic pregnancy was present and pelvic inflammatory disease was found to be a major risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors for Mallory-Weiss syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Albalawi ◽  
Hasan Alabbadi ◽  
Tamim Almoqbell ◽  
Omar Alsayari ◽  
Abdulrahman Aljohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Hiatus Hernia ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Emerging Risk

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS), characterized by tearing and blood from mouth and stool, is a complication of gastro esophageal tract. The prevalence varies and there are a number of risk factors associated with MWS development. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and various risk factors associated with Mallory-Weiss syndrome development. We systematically searched literature using specified keywords, reviewed it, and selected articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative data was presented in tables and the quantitative data was used to draw forest plots. Percentage was used to determine overall effect size for prevalence and OR and 95% CIs was used to determine overall effect size of risk factors. Our analysis of 21 studies showed that the overall effect size for prevalence was 15.46% with 95% CI of 13.63-17.29. The pooled effect size for hiatus hernia as risk factor was found to be OR 1.96 with 95% CI of 1.96 (1.73-2.22). The pooled effect size for alcohol as risk factor OR 0.81 with 95% CI of 1.96 (0.63-1.05). Finally, we found the pooled effect size for hiccups as risk factor OR 1.04 with 95% CI of 1.96 (0.78-1.39). Mallory-Weiss syndrome is not widely prevalent in various populations. There are a number of risk factors for MWS and hiatus hernia is most significant. Alcohol consumption is not strong predictor and hiccups are an emerging risk factor. There is a need for new studies with large number of subjects and controlled conditions. 

scholarly journals Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after ambulatory arthroscopic knee surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and risk factors (109)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0025
Author(s):  
Brian Davis ◽  
Todd Phillips ◽  
Olivia Barron ◽  
Brett Heldt ◽  
Andrew Bratsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Knee Surgery ◽  
Arthroscopic Knee Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arthroscopic Knee

Objectives: Over 100,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are performed in the United States annually, yet the reported incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the use of VTE thromboprophylaxis after ACL reconstruction and other arthroscopic knee surgeries still varies widely. Current VTE risk assessment scores, for example the Caprini score, incorporate arthroscopic surgery as a known risk factor but were not developed for stratification of an outpatient ambulatory surgical patient population. There is no current consensus to guide the orthopedic surgeon in prescribing chemoprophylactic agents after arthroscopic knee surgery. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, efficacy, and risk factors for VTE specifically following knee arthroscopic procedures. The null hypotheses of this study was that previously defined risk factors for VTE after ambulatory knee arthroscopy (age over 60 years, BMI greater than 30 kg/m2, tobacco use, prior VTE, malignancy, coagulopathy, oral contraceptive use, family history of coagulopathy, and prolonged tourniquet time greater than 90 minutes) would not reach statistical significance when compared across multiple cohorts. Our hypothesis is that a systematic review and meta-analysis of these variables will reject the null hypotheses with a significance of level of p < .05. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using data collected from 30 cohort and therapeutic trials (721,005 patients) published between January 2000 and April 2020 to compare both the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) and associated risk factors after knee arthroscopy with or without thromboprophylaxis in adults. Ultrasound, venography, and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes were deemed acceptable detection methods for VTE. We also performed a meta-analysis of published patient characteristics and risk factors in developing VTE after arthroscopic knee procedures. Individual studies were not evaluated for symptomatic versus asymptomatic VTE detection criteria or methods. Results: Of 331 eligible articles, 6 therapeutic RCTs and 24 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall incidence of DVT and PE was found to be 0.97% and 0.03% respectively. Analysis of the RCTs was found to support the use of prophylactic anticoagulation in preventing DVTs (relative risk: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.44). After analysis of the cohort studies, age greater than 60 years was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for VTE (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.03 – 3.29; p=.04) while a history of malignancy (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 0.97 – 7.00; p=.06), and history of previous VTE (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 0.90 – 19.14, p=.07) trended toward significance. Other factors such as BMI greater than 30 kg/m2, tobacco use, tourniquet time, personal or family history of coagulopathy, and oral contraceptive use were not found to be statistically significant risk factors for VTE after knee arthroscopy, however there were limited studies (one to three studies per risk factor) available to distinguish of a majority of these variables. Conclusions: Our results show that the overall incidence of DVT in adults after arthroscopic knee surgery is approaching 1% and that of PE is exceedingly rare, however this may be underestimated if asymptomatic VTE is not identified. Despite a low incidence of VTE after knee arthroscopy, thromboprophylaxis is effective in preventing VTE and trends in risk factors exist in ambulatory sports medicine patients diagnosed with VTE post-operatively. The risk for adverse bleeding events while taking chemoprophylaxis and requires further research. Only rejection of the null hypothesis on age over 60 years was statistically significant, however other defined risk factors may be clinically significant. With these results, we conclude that a preoperative assessment may be warranted in identifying at-risk, high risk, or multi-risk patients for which prophylactic anticoagulation postoperatively after knee arthroscopic procedures may be beneficial. A modified version of the Caprini score specifically stratifying these risk factors in an ambulatory sports medicine population may be valuable to the practicing orthopedic arthroscopic surgeon. More research is warranted for identifying risk factors to better stratify this unique patient population.

The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Anhar Ullah ◽  
Jamal Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
History Of

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the Middle Eastern population. Several epidemiological studies have assessed CVD and its risk factors in terms of the primary prevention of CVD in the Middle East. Therefore, summarizing the information from these studies is essential. Aim: We conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of CVD and its major risk factors among Middle Eastern adults based on the literature published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar to identify literature published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. All the original articles that investigated the prevalence of CVD and reported at least one of the following factors were included: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of CVD. To summarize CVD prevalence, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 potentially relevant articles were included, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis (n=191,979). The overall prevalence of CVD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1-14.3%, p<0.001) in the Middle East. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (43.3%; 95% CI: 21.5-68%), hypertension (26.2%; 95% CI: 19.6-34%) and diabetes (16%; 95% CI: 9.9-24.8%), was observed. The prevalence rates of other risk factors, such as smoking (12.4%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.4%) and family history of CVD (18.7%; 95% CI: 15.4-22.5%), were also high. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD is high (10.1%) in the Middle East. The burden of dyslipidaemia (43.3%) in this region is twice as high as that of hypertension (26.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16%). Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed for the primary prevention of CVD in this region.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of delirium after percutaneous coronary intervention in individuals hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e044564
Author(s):  
Kaizhuang Huang ◽  
Jiaying Lu ◽  
Yaoli Zhu ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Dahao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

IntroductionDelirium in the postoperative period is a wide-reaching problem that affects important clinical outcomes. The incidence and risk factors of delirium in individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been completely determined and no relevant systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence or risk factors exists. Hence, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the incidence and risk factors of delirium among AMI patients undergoing PCI.Methods and analysesWe will undertake a comprehensive literature search among PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Google Scholar from their inception to the search date. Prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies that described the incidence or at least one risk factor of delirium will be eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome will be the incidence of postoperative delirium. The quality of included studies will be assessed using a risk of bias tool for prevalence studies and the Cochrane guidelines. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be assessed. Incidence and risk factors associated with delirium will be extracted. Incidence data will be pooled. Each risk factor reported in the included studies will be recorded together with its statistical significance; narrative and meta-analytical approaches will be employed. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis proposed systematic review and meta-analysis is based on published data, and thus there is no requirement for ethics approval. The study will provide an up to date and accurate incidence and risk factors of delirium after PCI among patients with AMI, which is necessary for future research in this area. The findings of this study will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184388.

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