Analysis of anti-Streptococcus sanguinis IgY ability to inhibit Streptococcus sanguinis adherence

Background: Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), an oral commensal bacterium, is often implicated in infective endocarditis. Its adherence to the tooth surface is the initial step in dental plaque formation. In addition to the important role of S. sanguinis in systemic disease and antimicrobial resistance, it is necessary to develop methods to control dental plaque formation. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has been used to prevent bacterial infection. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the ability of anti-S. sanguinis IgY antibodies to inhibit S. sanguinis adherence to hydroxyapatite (HA) discs as a model of the tooth surface. Methods: Antibodies were produced by immunizing hens with S. sanguinis suspension. Boosters were given three times following the first injection. An agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) was used to detect the presence of anti-S. sanguinis IgY. A bacterial adherence assay was performed twice to analyze the ability of IgY and the optimal concentration required to inhibit bacterial adherence. Results: The formation of a precipitation line using AGPT confirmed the presence of the antibody. In addition, it was shown that the anti-S. sanguinis IgY antibody could inhibit bacterial adherence to HA. Statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the optical density (OD) value between the groups (p<0.05). The results of electron microscopy scanning confirmed the quantitative analysis by means of a bacterial adherence test. Conclusion: Anti-S. sanguinis IgY has the ability to inhibit adherence of S. sanguinis to HA discs at an optimal concentration of 30%. The inhibitive effect was stronger in the presence of saliva.

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Effectiveness and safety of a new dental plaque removal device utilizing micro mist spray for removing oral biofilm in vitro

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01647-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroki Hihara ◽

Ryo Tagaino ◽

Jumpei Washio ◽

Kittipong Laosuwan ◽

Dimas Prasetianto Wicaksono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Oral Biofilm ◽

Plaque Removal ◽

Treated Area ◽

Biofilm Removal ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Removal of oral biofilm from the oral mucosa is essential for preventing risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infection in elderly people. Currently, no device is available which can remove oral biofilm from oral mucosa effectively and safely. Therefore, the effectiveness and safety of the Micro Scale Mist UNIT (MSM-UNIT), a newly developed dental plaque removal device utilizing high speed sprays of fine water droplets, were evaluated for biofilm removal, including the rate and surface roughness for simulated tooth surface and mucous membrane. Methods Simulated tooth and oral mucosa coated with an artificial biofilm of Streptococcus mutans were used for evaluation of effectiveness, with uncoated substrates as the controls. The MSM-UNIT and a conventional air ablation device were operated under recommended instructions. The effectiveness was evaluated from the rate of removal of the biofilm, and the safety was evaluated from the damage observed by scanning electron microscope and surface roughness. Results The biofilm removal rate of the MSM-UNIT was significantly higher than that of AIRFLOW. Little damage was observed in the area treated by the MSM-UNIT. The surface roughness of the MSM-UNIT treated area on simulated tooth surface and oral mucosa showed no significant difference to the control area. In contrast, cracks and powder were observed in the area treated by AIRFLOW. In particular, the surface roughness of the AIRFLOW treated area for Toughsilon was significantly larger than that of the control. Conclusions The MSM-UNIT could be used safely and effectively for removing biofilm not only on simulated tooth surfaces but also simulated mucous membrane. The MSM-UNIT has no harmful effect on teeth or oral mucosa, and may be used for comprehensive oral care for patients during nursing care and the perioperative period.

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Comparison of Polishing Methods Used in Extrinsic Discolouration of Primary Teeth in Terms of Surface Roughiness

10.21203/rs.3.rs-153735/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Burcu Duman ◽

Salih Doğan

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Primary Tooth ◽

Average Roughness ◽

Primary Molar ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Tooth Discoloration ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract BackgroundSurface roughness is one of the main factors affecting bacterial adhesion, biofilm growth, plaque formation and coloration on the tooth surface. Improper polishing may increase roughness or not contribute to a reduction in roughness while removing biofilms on tooth surfaces. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of different polishing pastes applied to the enamel of primary teeth on the surface roughness through AFM, which enables a more detailed examination of the measurements, and to evaluate the roughness changes created by the paste on the surface. MethodsIn the present study, in order to compare polishing made using Septodent Détartrine, Kerr Cleanic, Shofu Mersaage Regular under the recommendations of the companies in addition to the application of pumice with a rubber brush, a total of 88 samples with 22 samples in each group were created using 88 primary molar teeth. Before and after polishing, roughness measurements and visualizations were performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). After polishing, Ra (average roughness) values, which express the surface roughness of the re-scanned samples, were calculated so that the samples were the same as the first scanning. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk normality test and generalized linear models tests were applied and p <0.05 was considered as statistically significantResultsIn the groups; while there was no significant difference in terms of roughness values (Ra) within the group (p> 0.05), a statistically significant reduction in roughness (Ra) was observed on the sample surfaces after polishing in all groups compared to the baseline (p <0.05). According to the data obtained; all polishing methods used in the treatment of primary tooth discoloration can reduce the plaque formation and thus the amount of recoloring by reducing the surface roughness at a similar level.ConclusionAccordingly, it has been observed that the current polishing pastes do not provide a significant advantage over the traditional polishing method (polishing brush with pumice) in terms of surface roughness in removing discoloration in primary teeth.

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Dental caries and plaque formation from diets containing sucrose or glucose in gnotobiotic rats infected with Streptococcus strain IB-1600

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19730097 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 221-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. H. Grenby ◽

Frances M. Paterson ◽

R. A. Cawson

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Small Scale ◽

Single Strain ◽

High Sugar ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Significant Difference

1. Techniques were devised for the operation of a new small-scale gnotobiotic rat unit.2. The unit was then used to compare the cariogenicity of sucrose and glucose under carefully controlled conditions in the presence of a single strain of a streptococcus, as gnotobiotic experiments by other workers had given conflicting results.3. Streptococcus IB-1600 was implanted into thirty-four rats, which were then fed on high-sugar diets under gnotobiotic conditions for 5 or 8 weeks from weaning. The level of caries was significantly higher on the sucrose than on the glucose diet, but there was no significant difference in the extent of soft coronal dental plaque.

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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF KASTURI LEAF EXTRACT (Mangifera casturi) AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus sanguinis BACTERIA

Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.20527/dentino.v5i1.8118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Dita Puspita Sari ◽

Didit Aspriyanto ◽

Irham Taufiqurrahman

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova

Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.

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The activity of polyclonal IgY derived from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in inhibiting colonization of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguinis

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i2.p81-85 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Oktaviani Suci Lestari ◽

Rini Devijanti Ridwan ◽

Tuti Kusumaningsih ◽

S. Sidarningsih

Keyword(s):

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Surface Element ◽

Dilution Ratio ◽

Precipitation Line ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

Made In

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) play a role in dental plaque formation which leads to periodontitis. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is present in both serum and egg yolk and can bind to the surface components of bacteria. F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis feature the same type of IV pili as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans). Saliva binding protein (SsaB) in S. sanguinis is a FimA homolog. FimA constitutes a surface element of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis possess the same outer membrane protein (OMP) molecular mass. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis polyclonal IgY present in serum and egg yolk that can inhibit colonization of F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis. Methods: IgY samples were diluted with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Several holes were made in the nutrient medium with 10 μl antigen (F. nucleatum/S. sanguinis) being inserted into the center hole. 10 μl PBS, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis polyclonal IgY were subsequently introduced into the surrounding holes. The results of incubation at 37°C were observed after 24-48 hours. Kruskal Wallis and MannWhitney tests were administered to analyse the data. Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis polyclonal IgY groups in serum showed a precipitation line at dilution ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, whereas in egg yolk this occurred only at a 1:1 dilution ratio with F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis bacteria in this study. No significant differences were evident between each dilution (p>0.05) and none existed between serum and egg yolk (p>0.05). Conclusion: IgY polyclonal of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in both serum and egg yolk initiate activities that can inhibit colonization of F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis.

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Sari Buah Naga Super merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) Sebagai Pewarna Alami Plak Gigi

Jurnal Material Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.32793/jmkg.v7i1.278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Betrik Sefyana Mangiri ◽

Sinar Yani ◽

Silvia Anitasari

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

T Test ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Second Period ◽

Paired T Test

Dental plaque is a colorless thin layer, is not easily visible on the tooth surface and it causes caries. Disclosing solution is the material that can help us to see dental plaque. Chemical disclosing solution, which now exists, has several disadvantages so we need to develop natural disclosing solution. One of the ingredients in natural disclosing solution that has been studied for its effect is betacyanin, which is contained in super-red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). This study aim to observe the coloring effect of super-red dragon fruit juice. The experimental was conducted by measuring plaque index of 20 people, who were not to clean their teeth for 24 hours (two periods), and were eaten the same foods in each period. Examination of plaque index at the end of the first period used chemical disclosing solution contains of erythrosine (FDC Red #3) and the second period used super-red dragon fruit juice. The datas were analyzed by Paired T-test. The results of the plaque index score at the first (2.47815 ± 0.811497), the second (2.7731 ± 1.0512) and did not find a significant difference (p > 0.05). The ability of super-red dragon fruit to coloring dental plaque has no difference with chemical disclosing solution, so it can be used as a natural disclosing solution.

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Anti-plaque efficacy of Siwak as a mechanical tooth stick

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v11i3.1329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 559-562

Author(s):

Mahdieh Zarabadipour ◽

Reihaneh Saffari ◽

Monirsadat Mirzadeh

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Active Form ◽

Study Groups ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Base Line ◽

Salvadora Persica ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Dental plaque removal is an important goal in oral hygiene program. The public interest in herbal medicine and natural products has grown in the past few years. Siwak (Salvadora persica L. (kharijal)) is an ancient tooth stick that has preventive and therapeutic effects on oral cavity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of siwak chewing sticks on plaque accumulation on tooth surface. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study 80 volunteer was selected randomly for complete the study chart. They were enrolled in the study for being in the one of the four study groups: active siwak, inactive siwak, usual tooth brush and no-oral hygiene. The participants wanted to use their instruction for 6 days. Base line (PI-1) and 3-day (PI-2) and 6-day (PI-3) plaque indexes was recorded by Sillness and Loe method. Data evaluation was done using SPSS-22 and Kruskal Wallis Test, Chi-Square Tests. Results: There was a significant reduction of the plaque index in PI-3 (p= 0.029). But in the others, there was no significant difference in the change of plaque index between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that siwak were able to reduce dental plaque as a mechanical tooth brush and if it uses in active form (fresh plant), the reduction of plaque accumulation is more prominent and effective.

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Identification of Initial Colonizing Bacteria in Dental Plaques from Young Adults Using Full-Length 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00360-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yukari Ihara ◽

Toru Takeshita ◽

Shinya Kageyama ◽

Rie Matsumi ◽

Mikari Asakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Dental Caries ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Full Length ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACT Development of dental plaque begins with the adhesion of salivary bacteria to the acquired pellicle covering the tooth surface. In this study, we collected in vivo dental plaque formed on hydroxyapatite disks for 6 h from 74 young adults and identified initial colonizing taxa based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences. A long-read, single-molecule sequencer, PacBio Sequel, provided 100,109 high-quality full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence reads from the early plaque microbiota, which were assigned to 90 oral bacterial taxa. The microbiota obtained from every individual mostly comprised the 21 predominant taxa with the maximum relative abundance of over 10% (95.8 ± 6.2%, mean ± SD), which included Streptococcus species as well as nonstreptococcal species. A hierarchical cluster analysis of their relative abundance distribution suggested three major patterns of microbiota compositions: a Streptococcus mitis/Streptococcus sp. HMT-423-dominant profile, a Neisseria sicca/Neisseria flava/Neisseria mucosa-dominant profile, and a complex profile with high diversity. No notable variations in the community structures were associated with the dental caries status, although the total bacterial amounts were larger in the subjects with a high number of caries-experienced teeth (≥8) than in those with no or a low number of caries-experienced teeth. Our results revealed the bacterial taxa primarily involved in early plaque formation on hydroxyapatite disks in young adults. IMPORTANCE Selective attachment of salivary bacteria to the tooth surface is an initial and repetitive phase in dental plaque development. We employed full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis with a high taxonomic resolution using a third-generation sequencer, PacBio Sequel, to determine the bacterial composition during early plaque formation in 74 young adults accurately and in detail. The results revealed 21 bacterial taxa primarily involved in early plaque formation on hydroxyapatite disks in young adults, which include several streptococcal species as well as nonstreptococcal species, such as Neisseria sicca/N. flava/N. mucosa and Rothia dentocariosa. Given that no notable variations in the microbiota composition were associated with the dental caries status, the maturation process, rather than the specific bacterial species that are the initial colonizers, is likely to play an important role in the development of dysbiotic microbiota associated with dental caries.

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