scholarly journals The Effect of Giving Croton Leaf Crude Extract (Codiaeum variegatum) as an Alternative to The Antibacterial of Edwardsiella tarda in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Annisa Isti Fauziyyah ◽  
Arief Prajitno ◽  
Mohammad Fadjar ◽  
Arif Syaifurrisal ◽  
Farid Muchtar Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Codiaeum Variegatum ◽  
Production Problems

Production problems related to aquaculture cannot be separated from diseases that can cause death in fish. Efforts to overcome the bacterial disease Edwardsiella tarda can be done by using natural materials such as the leaves of croton (Codiaeum variegatum). This study aimed to analyze the content of active compounds contained in croton leaf extract which is antibacterial against E. tarda bacteria. Inhibition test was performed by dilution method Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC test) and agar diffusion (disc test). The MIC test used five concentrations: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L on Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) media, while the disc test used five doses of croton leaf extract, namely: A (100 mg/L), B ( 200 mg/L), C (300 mg/L), D (400 mg/L) and E (500 mg/L), 2 controls (positive and negative), and three replications on Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA) media and incubated for 2x24 h. The positive control used chloramphenicol (5 mg/L) antibiotic. Croton leaf extract contains several compounds, namely saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and polyphenols, which are antibacterial and could kill the test bacteria with the highest average inhibition zone results obtained at a dose of E (500 mg/L) of 6.34 mm, while the lowest results were obtained at dose A (100 mg/L) of 3.12 mm.

scholarly journals Inhibition potency of drumstick leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) towards Aeromonas hydrophila: Preliminary Study for Aeromoniasis Treatment.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hapsari Kenconojati ◽  
Nina Rofi’ Rukman
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Potency ◽  
Tube Dilution Method

The aim of this study was to know antibacterial potency of ethanolic extract of drumstick leaf against Aeromonas hydrophila in vitro. Total flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin and saponin of the ethanolic drumstick leaf extract were analyzed using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by disk diffusion and tube dilution method. Ethanolic extract of drumstick leaf contained flavonoids total as 71.9 mg quercetine equivalent/g, alkaloids total as 3 mg quinine equivalent/g, tannin as 24.7 mg tannic acid equivalent/g and saponin as 44.4 mg/g. The result of antibacterial test showed significant inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila by drumstick leaf extract (P<0.05). The highest inhibition zone was produced by drumstick leaf extract with concentration of 100% which is 9.9± 0,162 mm. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of drumstick leaf extract is 3.125%, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is 6.25%. Based on this study, it can be concluded that drumstick leaf can be used as an alternative natural product of antibacterial agent which can be applied especially in aquaculture.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (ANNONA MURICATA LINN.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Yurlina Zai ◽  
Agnes Yohana Kristino ◽  
Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution ◽  
Oliviti Natali
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Negative Controls

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the antibacterial soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.). The method used is the agar diffusion method. The leaves were extracted by maceration method, using ethanol as a solvent. The soursop leaf extract obtained was then diluted using ethanol 96% at a concentration of 20%, 40%,60%, 80%. Positive control using clindamycin and negative controls using sterile aquadest. The research model used in this study is an experimental research model In Vitro of type. The results showed that soursop leaf extract had antibacterial effectiveness against Propionibacterium acnes with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9,7 mm; 13,7 mm; 15,7 mm; 16,3 mm; positive control (clindamysin) 21,0 mm; and negative control (aquadest) have no value tobe able to inhibit bacterial growth.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Chinese Leaf Extract and Leaf Plants (Jatropha Multifida L.) As Antibacterial to Bacterial Growth Staphylococcus Aureus In Vitro

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Dwi Anggita ◽  
Yusriani Yusriani ◽  
Dian Amelia Abdi ◽  
Vivin Desiani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Jatropha Multifida

Jatropha multifida L. contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids that differ from each part of the plant and the content of these substances is what makes L. multifida Jatropha has a function as an antibacterial so that the leaf extract and the gap of chinese distance ( Jatropha multifida L.) allegedly capable of inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The aim of this research was to know the effectivity of leaf extract and gum of Jatropha multifida L. to the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro.Penelitian used true experimental post test design. Using disc diffusion method with concentration 25; 50; 75; and 100% v / v leaf and gum china distance. Positive control was used Clindamycin 5μg drip antibiotic paper disc. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result of the research showed the difference of different inhibition zone between treatments. In chinese leaf extracts showed different mean diameters, at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% with inhibit zone formed respectively 0 mm, 9.32 mm, and 17.48 mm and the highest inhibition zone at concentration of 100% with an average diameter of 22.24 mm. In the gap of chinese distance showed a different mean diameter, at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% with the inhibit zone formed respectively 16.08 mm, 18.15 mm, and 18.63 mm and the highest inhibition zone at a concentration of 100% with an average diameter of 21.91 mm. Clindamycin positive controls show an average inhibit zone of 23.31 mm. It was concluded that there was an effect of leaf extract and resin of chinese distance plant (Jatropha multifida L.) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and the best concentration was 100% concentration and almost closer to the inhibitory zone of Clindamycin antibiotics as positive control.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Secara In Vitro (ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOURSOP (ANNONA MURICATA) LEAF EXTRACT ON GROWTH OF BACTERIA PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN VITRO)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Faisal Fikri ◽  
Imas Hapsari Rahmaningtyas ◽  
Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽  
Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Bacterial Growth Inhibition

The aim of this study was to measure antibacterial activity of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) on bacterial growth inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by diffuse disc method. The result of the inhibition zone was analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed using Duncan test, to show highly significantly different (p<0.01). The inhibition number of negative control (C-) was 0.00e±0.00 and the positive control (C+) was 31.31a±0.57. The result of concentration 1 (T1) was 14.49b±4.96; concentration 2 (T2) 8.98c±1.29; concentration 3 (T3) 5.84cd±1.85; concentration 4 (T4) 5.56cd±1.58; concentration 5 (T5) 2.85de±0.28; concentration 6 (T6) 2.98de±0.53; concentration 7 (T7) 2.82de±1.59; concentration 8 (T8) 2.41de±1.10; concentration 9 (T9) 2.20de±0.34; concentration 10 (T10) 1.10e±0.19; and concentration 11 (T11) 0.00e±0.00. The increase of soursop leaf extract concentration showed high inhibition diameter of bacterial growth. It concluded that soursop leaf extract have an antibacterial activity to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 125 ppm.

scholarly journals In Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Activities of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii) Extract Towards Bacteria Edwardsiella tarda

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Arif Syaifurrisal ◽  
Arief Prajitno ◽  
Mohamad Fadjar ◽  
Farid Mukhtar Riyadi ◽  
Annisa Isti Fauziyyah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Tryptone Soya Agar ◽  
Vitro Analysis

This study analyzed the antibacterial activity of curry leaf extract (Murraya koenigii) on the growth of Edwardsiella tarda bacteria. This study aims to determine the bioactivity and antibacterial effectiveness of M. koenigii leaf extract against the growth of E.tarda bacteria. Inhibition test was carried out by delusion (MIC test) and diffusion (disc test) methods. MIC test used 5 variations of concentration: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L on TSB (Tryptone Soya Broth) media; it was incubated for 24 hours. While the disc test used 5 variations of concentration: 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 400 mg/L and 500 mg/L on TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) media and incubated for 2x24 hours. Chloramphenicol (5 mg/L)  was used as a positive control, and distilled water was used as a negative control.                    M. koenigii leaf extract contains natural bioactive; it was bacteriostatic antibacterial due to bacteria's growth after 48 hours incubation. The highest inhibition diameter of E.tarda was 7,20 mm at a concentration of 500 mg/L after 24 hours incubation. The highest inhibitory effectiveness was at a concentration of 500 mg/L with effectivity 56.3%, while it declined to 46,44% after 48 hours incubation.

Antibacterial properties in-vitro of Mexican serviceberry extracts against dental biofilm species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Erika-Alejandra Salinas-Peña ◽  
Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽  
Claudia Velázquez-González ◽  
Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis ◽  
América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

BACKGROUND: The Mexican serviceberry, Malacomeles denticulata, have been used as a successful oral therapy by Mexican communities without enough scientific support. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the M. denticulata extracts with selective antibacterial properties over dental biofilm bacteria. METHODS: Fruit, Leaf, and Stem of M. denticulata extracts were evaluated with micro-broth dilution method using ATCC bacteria. OD600 values had compared against each positive control (T-student-test). Anaerobically viability had confirmed by Colony-Forming-Units. Thin-Layer-Chromatography was used to identify the number of compounds and phytochemicals to identify secondary metabolites of the selected extracts. RESULTS: Streptococcus mutans showed Minimum-Bactericidal-Concentrations_(MBC) at 30 mg/mL to Fruit, Leaf, and Stem extracts. Periodontal-pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p <  0.01); Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p<0.001); Parvimonas micra_(MBC = 15 mg/mL_NS); Porphyromonas gingivalis_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); and Prevotella intermedia_(MBC = 3.75 mg/mL_NS) presented higher sensitivity to Leaf-Methanol, than the primary colonizers. Phytochemicals showed positive results to anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, saponins steroids/triterpenoids, steroids/triterpenes, and tannins/phenols. CONCLUSION: We suggest the natural extracts of fruit and leaf of the Mexican serviceberry for the preventive use over the oral cariogenic or periodontal biofilm species, by their selective antibacterial properties against pathogenic species evaluated in-vitro, and due to the presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites identified as flavonoids and saponins of M. denticulata leaf extracts.

scholarly journals STUDI BACILLUS FIRMUS SEBAGAI KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK DALAM MENGHADAPI Aeromonas hydrophila PADA MEDIA BUDIDAYA The Study of Bacillus firmus as Probiotic Candidate in Supressing Aeromonas hydrophila in Culture Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Alfabetian Harjuno Condro Haditomo ◽  
Angela Mariana Lusiastuti ◽  
Widanarni Widanarni
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Bacillus Firmus ◽  
Culture Methods

ABSTRAK   Pengendalian penyakit bakterial yang umum dilakukan dengan pemakaian antibiotik atau  bahan kimia sudah tidak diperbolehkan lagi karena menimbulkan patogen yang resisten  terhadap bahan kimia tersebut, terlebih jika penggunaan tidak sesuai dengan anjuran yang diberikan. Dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan konsumen berupa residu antibiotik juga menjadi pertimbangan yang harus diperhatikan. Manipulasi terhadap populasi mikroba yang berada di perairan guna pencegahan sebelum terjadinya serangan bakteri yang bersifat mematikan perlu dilakukan sebagaimana konsep probiotik sebagai biokontrol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji kandidat probiotik dalam menekan atau menghambat bakteri patogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini dilaksananakan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah tahap pengujian bakteri kandidat probiotik secara in vitro menggunakan metode zona hambat dan kultur bersama pada media agar.  Tahap kedua adalah uji tentang bakteri kandidat probiotik dengan patogen pada media budidaya. Hasil terbaik penelitian tahap pertama pada  uji kultur bersama antara kandidat probiotik B. firmus dengan A. hydrophila pada skala in vitro adalah dengan penambahan probiotik  B. firmus sebanyak 108 cfu/ml. Sedangkan pada penelitian tahap kedua didapatkan hasil berturut-turut perlakuan D dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (SR) mencapai 90%, perlakuan C dengan SR 75%, perlakuan A dengan SR 50% dan perlakuan K dengan SR 50%.   Kata kunci: Bacillus firmus, probiotik, Aeromonas hydrophila, media budidaya   ABSTRACT  Controlling bacterial disease with the use of antibiotics or chemicals is no longer allowed as it results in pathogens that are resistant to the chemicals, especially when not in accordance with the recommendations provided. The negative impactsof the antibiotics residues on the consumers’ health  also need to be considered. Manipulation of microbial populations present in the waters as preventation before the lethal attack of bacteria needs to be done which is in accordance with the concept of probiotics as biocontrol.The purpose of this study was to test the probiotic candidates in suppressing or inhibiting pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. This study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was to test a candidate probiotic bacteria in vitro using culture methods and inhibition zone on the media together. The second stage wasto test candidate probiotic bacteria to pathogens on the cultivation media. The best results in the first phase of the research is shared culture test between probiotic candidate B. FIRMUS with A. hydrophila on vitro scale is the addition of the probiotic B. FIRMUS 108 cfu / ml. While in the second phase of the research results obtained successively: treatment D with a survival rate (SR) reaches 90%, treatment C with SR 75%, treatment A with SR 50% and treatment K with SR 50%. Keywords: Bacillus FIRMUS, probiotics, Aeromonas hydrophila, media cultivation

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KAPULAGA JAWA (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) TERHADAP Streptococcus pyogenes

EKOLOGIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Oom Komala ◽  
. Ismanto ◽  
Muhammad Alan Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Amomum Compactum

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes pharyngitis. Natural treatment to overcome these problems is to use cardamom seeds. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity, determine the concentration of inhibitory zone and phytochemical compounds from  ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Soland. Ex Maton) against Streptococcus pyogenes. The method is used   solid dilution and paper disc diffusion method. The solid dilution method is used for the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with a concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% while the paper diffusion method is used for the Inhibition zone Diameter (IZD)  using five treatments namely three concentrations of ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (7.5%, 10% and 12%), one positive control of amoxicillin 0.01 mg/mL and one negative control of sterile distilled water. IZD data were  analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% and α = 0.05 and Duncan's further tests to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the MIC  was at a concentration of 7.5% while for the IZD test which had the highest activity there was a concentration of 12% with an average inhibition diameter of 12.03 ± 0.14 mm. In addition, ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins which function in antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extract on Pathogenic Agents Dragon Fruit Plant

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Trio Ageng Prayitno ◽  
Nuril Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

The use of antimicrobials from plant extracts has not been used optimally to control pathogenic agents in dragon fruit plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaf extracts on pathogenic agents of dragon fruit plants in vitro. The research method is laboratory research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The antimicrobial concentrations of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract used six types including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with four replications. The research sample was the leaf of zodia (E. suaveolens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum strain Malang. Test the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extracts on the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum using the disc-diffusion method and wells method. The research instrument was used the observation sheet of the diameter of inhibition zone indicated by the clear zone. The diameter of inhibition zone data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum (P <0.05). These results recommend zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for dragon fruit plant pathogens.

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