scholarly journals Evaluating Marine Debris Trends and the Potential of Incineration in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Ariyanti Sarwono ◽  
Iva Yenis Septiariva ◽  
Chun-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Global Environmental Issue ◽  
Natural Beauty

Highlight Research:The potential calorific value of marine debris obtained from calculating the total waste is 12.05 MJ/kg, which still falls within the incinerator application's standard criteria. AbstractMarine debris, a global environmental issue today, is a major threat to Bali’s seas which are famous for its natural beauty and aggravated by the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of marine debris in Bali Island, especially in the southern region and to analyze the feasibility of incineration as one of the waste treatment processes. This research was conducted by utilizing secondary data and literature reviews from related previous studies. Water content and caloric value were measured directly using the ASTM E 790-15 and ASTM D 5865-11a standards. Marine debris generation from 2013 to 2019 tends to decrease from 1.22 kg/km.day to 0.46 kg/km.day. Organic waste (59.4%) comprised the largest marine debris followed by plastic waste (13.4%) and diapers (11.9%). Thermal technology such as incineration can be introduced to treat marine debris. The standard application of incinerator technology is moisture content and caloric value. The water content of marine debris is reportedly 54.56%, therefore, further preliminary processing is needed, especially for waste with high moisture content, such as diapers and organic waste. The potential calorific value of marine debris during the COVID-19 pandemic obtained from calculating the total waste was 12.05 MJ/kg which still did not meet the incinerator application's standard criteria.

Making Charcoal Briquettes from Corncobs Organic Waste Using Variation of Type and Percentage of Adhesives

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilih Sulistyaningkarti ◽  
Budi Utami
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Tapioca Flour

This study aimed to (1) make charcoal briquettes from corncobs organic waste; (2) determine the right type of adhesive to make a corncobs charcoal briquette to produce good quality briquettes; (3) determine the appropriate percentage of adhesive to produce corncobs briquettes to produce good quality briquettes; and (4) know the best characteristics of corncobs charcoal briquettes which include moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and caloric value. The sample used was corncob obtained from a corn farmer in Pasekan Village, Wonogiri regency. This research used experimental method in laboratory with several stages, namely: (1) preparation of materials; (2) carbonization; (3) crushing and sifting of charcoal (4) mixing charcoal with adhesive and water; (5) briquetting; (6) briquette drying; And (7) analysis of briquette quality. This adhesive types used in this research were tapioca flour and wheat flour and the percentage of adhesive material were 5%, 10% and 15% from total weight of charcoal powder. The result of the research were: (1) charcoal briquettes as alternative energy source can be made from biomass waste (corncobs organic waste); (2) charcoal briquettes from organic corncobs wastes using tapioca flour adhesives have better quality than using wheat flour adhesives; (3) the both charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive and 5% wheat flour adhesives have better quality than 10% and 15% in terms of moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and calorific value; and (4) the best characteristics obtained are for the charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive, which have water content of 3,665%; volatile matter amounting of 11.005%; ash content of 4.825%; fixed carbon content of 80.515%; and high heat value of 5661,071%.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Sampah Organik dan Limbah Biomassa dengan Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumbernya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Indradjaja M. Brunner ◽  
Arief Norhidayat ◽  
Satria M. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Biomass Pellet

Solid Waste Processing Technology at the Source (TOSS) is an alternative method in processing organic and biomass waste on a communal scale. The processing of organic and biomass waste material is carried out in three stages of the process: biodrying which utilizes the aerobic activity of microorganisms; chopping which is intended to refine the material, and pelletization to compact the material into biomass pellets. The biodrying process in bamboo boxes is able to reduce the water content in organic and biomass waste within 4-5 days. Sorting of non-organic materials can be done at an early stage before or after the biodrying process. Sorting is required before chopping and pelletizing process to avoid unnecessary machine break down. The biomass pellet which is the final product has a diameter of about 10 mm with a length between 10-40 mm, a calorific value between 3000-4000 kcal/kg, and a moisture content of up to 15%. Compared to coal, biomass pellets tend to have higher volatile and ash content, while lower ash and sulfur content.

scholarly journals Penurunan Nilai Kadar Air Dan Laju Pembakaran Pada Biobriket Limbah Kayu Sengon Dengan Variasi Tekanan

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feta Kukuh Pambudi ◽  
Wahidin Nuriana ◽  
Hantarum
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Burn Rate

Bio-briquette is a solid fuel made from organic waste and mixed with other materials and then printed using a certain pressure to get the desired shape and characteristics. This research is focused to know the influence of variation of pressure on the density, moisture content and combustion rate on the bio-briquette of sengon wood waste with variation of pressure 45 kg / cm2, 80 kg/cm2, 115 kg /cm2, 150 kg/cm2. Use of this research obtained the highest density 0.47 g/cm3 on the bacon of sengon wood  bio-briquette with the pressure of 150 kg/cm2, the highest moisture value is 6.6 % in the bacon of sengon wood bio-briquette with pressure 150 kg/cm2 and burning at an average of 0,35 g /min of sengon wood waste with a pressure of 150 kg /cm2. The greater the pressure the higher the density, the lower the water content and the lower the burn rate.

scholarly journals Mechanical Dewatering and Thermal Drying Characteristics of Pulp Mill Sludge Cake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Prawiranto ◽  
Syamsudin ◽  
Herri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Coal Powder ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Sludge Cake

Sludge cake is a type of solid waste in pulp and paper mills which may harm the environment if disposed without treatment. Its proximate analysis (adb) are: ash 26.74%; volatile matter 59.09%; fixed carbon 11.04%; moisture 3.13%, while its ultimate analysis (adb) are: C 33.46%; H 4.5%; N 1.14%; S 0.35%; O 33.81%. Having a calorific value of 3000 cal/g (adb), sludge cake may be used as renewable fuel. Unfortunately it has a high water content, so reduction of water content become a main concern in utilizing sludge cake. A combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying has been considered for water removal with a minimum energy consumption. Moreover, the application of pressurized mechanical dewatering may also play a role in formation of briquettes.Experiments on mechanical dewatering and thermal drying were carried out using 50 g sludge cake with initial water content 73%. With a pressure of 400 kg/cm2 for compression, water content at the end of mechanical dewatering was 57%. This dewatered slugde was subsequently treated using thermal drying to a moisture content of 15%. Calculated total energy for this combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying was about 1080 J/g. This value was lower than the energy consumption of 1520 J/g required for direct thermal drying from its moisture content of 73% down to 15%. Experiments on the use of coal powder as compression aid were also trial to improve sludge dewaterability and briquettes calorific value. Mechanical dewatering of slugde with addition of 20%-w/w coal powder resulting a briquette with moisture content of 38% at compression pressure of 400 kg/cm2. The drying curves of briquette did not affected with its size if its diameter was less than 0.5 cm. Briquette with 1 cm thickness took significantly more time to remove its water content.

scholarly journals Effect Of Water Content On Characteristics Fuel From The Municipal Solid Waste Through The Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Imron Rosyadi ◽  
Ni Ketut Caturwati ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Rice Samples

The increase in the population of Indonesia is proportional to the increase in the amount of waste produced. Municipal solid waste (MSW) especially organic waste, can be used as solid fuel by means of the torefaction process. Torefaction is a thermo-chemical heat treatment method for biomass conversion that takes place at a temperature of 200oC to 300oC under conditions of atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moisture content on calorific, proximate and ultimate values ​​of torefaction samples using municipal solid waste. Setting the water content in the mixed sample (30% rice + 70% wood) with variations in moisture content of 30%, 40%, and 50%; and rice and wood samples with variations in moisture content of 40% and 50%. The torefaction was carried out at a temperature of 300oC for one hour and  inert gas  N2. Torefaction products have been tested contain of the calorific value, proximate testing, and ultimate testing. The results obtained were the best calorific value in the rice sample, the moisture content of 40% was 6351.1 cal / g or equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. The proximate and ultimate results of the best heating value are rice samples with 40% moisture content, fixed carbon 62.95%, volatile matter 27.85%, moisture 7.06%, ash 2.14%, carbon 71.85%, hydrogen. 2.80%, nitrogen 3.17%, and sulfur 0.05%. The calorific value calculation method that is almost close to the test results is the Dulong method, with an average error percentage of 1.63%.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DE PODER CALORÍFICO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO PARA USO ENERGÉTICO DE RESÍDUOS DA COLHEITA E DO PROCESSAMENTO DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Moura de Souza ◽  
Dimas Agostinho Silva ◽  
Roberto Rochadelli ◽  
Rosimeire Cavalcante dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Power Estimate ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar, mediante caracterização, o aproveitamento de resíduos florestais e madeireiros para fins energéticos. A obtenção dos materiais foi feita em uma empresa que realiza a colheita e o processamento da madeira de Pinus taeda L. situada no município de Tunas do Paraná, PR. Foram identificadas as fontes geradoras dos resíduos do processamento e procedeu-se à coleta dos materiais e do resíduo proveniente da colheita florestal. Os resíduos foram caracterizados de acordo com a umidade, poder calorífico, densidade e teores de carbono fixo e cinzas. Foi feito um ajuste de modelos matemáticos que pudessem expressar a relação entre umidade e poder calorífico para os materiais. As costaneiras e o resíduo da colheita apresentaram elevados teores de umidade e as costaneiras maior densidade e maior teor de carbono fixo. O teor de cinzas foi estatisticamente igual para todos os materiais. O poder calorífico superior se apresentou na faixa de 4.550 e 4.950 kcal/kg, e o poder calorífico útil (material úmido) para as costaneiras e os resíduos da colheita apresentou uma relevante queda, visto o elevado teor de umidade. O modelo de regressão selecionado pôde expressar em mais de 97% a relação entre poder calorífico e teor de umidade.Palavras-chave: Resíduos de madeira; uso energético; teor de umidade. AbstractCalorific Power estimate and characterization of residues from harvesting and processing of Pinus taeda for energy purposes. This study aimed to evaluate, by characterization, the use of forest and woody residues for energy purposes. The material was collected from a company engaged in wood harvesting and processing of Pinus taeda L., the sources of waste processing have been identified and  then it was collect the materials, as well as the residues from forest harvesting. The residues were characterized according to moisture, calorific value, density and levels that fixed carbon and ash. It was done a mathematical adjustment of models that could express the relation between moisture and caloric value for the materials. The slabs and crop residues presented high levels of humidity and the slabs had higher density and higher fixed carbon content. The ash content was statistically equal for all materials. The calorific value was between 4550 and 4950 kcal/kg; the useful calorific value for slabs and crop residues revealed an important decrease caused by high moisture content of these materials. The model of regression selected could express in more than 97% the relation between caloric value and of moisture content.Keywords: Forest residues; energetic use; moisture content.

scholarly journals Fuel Gas Production From Self-Sustaining Smouldering Combustion of Lignocellulosic Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hons K Wyn ◽  
Muxina Konarova ◽  
Greg Perkins ◽  
Luis Yermán
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Smouldering Combustion

Abstract Smouldering combustion has shown to be an effective application for soil remediation and as a waste treatment method for solids with high moisture content. The experimental set-up of smouldering combustion reactors is similar to autothermal fixed-bed gasification, updraft reactor configuration. In this study, smouldering experiments were conducted using lignocellulosic agricultural waste. The moisture content of lignocellulosic biomass was varied between 10 % to 50 %. Air flux was varied between 1.8 and 7.4 cm/s. Experiments were also conducted with varying oxygen concentration in the airflow (3.6 – 21 %), addition of sand (4 and 8 g/g) and other lignocellulosic material (wood pellets, and residual berry plant). Fuel gas with maximum H2, CO, CH4, CO2 concentrations of 7.7, 32.6, 2.3, and 57.4 % (N2 free) respectively were obtained with 10 % moisture content and 7.4 cm/s air flux. The smouldering yielded 1.24 Nm3/kgfeed_dry of gas with calorific value of 1.82 MJ/Nm3 (HHV).

scholarly journals Nilai Kalor Briket Limbah Kayu Sengon Dengan Perekat Maizena Lebih Tinggi Di Bandingkan Tapioka, Sagu Dan Tepung Singkong

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Arifin ◽  
Hantarum . ◽  
Wahidin Nuriana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cassava Flour

Bio-briquette is a solid fuel made from organic waste and mixed with other ingredients and then printed using certain pressures so that the desired shape and characteristics are obtained. This study focused on determining the effect of adhesive on density, moisture content and heating value on sengon wood charcoal bio-briquette with variations of tapioca, sago, cornstarch and cassava flour with a pressure of 115 kg / . The results showed that the highest density was 0.56 g/ in the bio-briquette of sengon wood waste charcoal with cassava flour adhesive, the lowest water content was 6.52% in the bio-briquette of sengon wood waste with cornstarch adhesive and the highest heating value was found in briquettes maizena adhesive sengon wood waste is 5,868 cal / gr. Keywords: sengon wood waste briquettes, adhesive, density, moisture content and heating value

scholarly journals Pengolahan Sampah Organik Menjadi Biobriket Sebagai Energi Terbarukan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
G M Saragih ◽  
Marhadi Marhadi ◽  
Yulia Defriati
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Optimum Composition ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Organic Composition ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
The City

One of the uses of organic waste is processing it into biomass briquettes which can later be used as energy. Organic waste received is dry organic waste such as dry leaves, dry twigs, inorganic waste such as plastic waste which can be used as an adhesive in making waste biobriquettes. The purpose of processing organic and inorganic waste into energy is to benefit from the waste in the city of Jambi. The benefit obtained is to reduce waste which can be used as energy. The kerosene to LPG conversion program has resulted in a rapid increase in LPG consumption which domestic production cannot meet. This causes LPG imports to increase rapidly, so that if in 2007 the volume of LPG imports was still at 137 thousand tons, in 2011 it increased to 1,992 thousand tons or an increase of almost 15 times (Outlook Energi Indonesia 2013). The highest calorific value with the optimum composition is found in biobriquette sample 3 with a variation of the composition of 75% organic waste: 5% inorganic waste: 10% water: 10% glue, which is 19361 J / gr. The lowest ash content with the optimum composition was found in sample 3 with a variation of the composition of 75% organic waste: 5% inorganic waste: 10% water: 10% glue, namely 5.06%. The lowest water content with the optimum composition is found in sample 1 and sample 2 with a water content of 0.92%, this is already in accordance with SNI for biobriquettes. The lowest CO content with the optimum composition is found in the biobriquette sample 1 with a variation of the organic composition of 85%: 5% inorganic: 5% water: 5% glue, which is 60.33 μg/Nm3.

scholarly journals Comparison of biogas production obtained from samples of Mitú and Sibundoy municipal solid waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Marcela Triana Jiménez ◽  
Mario Enrique Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Calorific Power

This  study  compares  the  calorific  power  of  biogas  obtained  from  the  municipal  solid  waste  (MSW)of  two  towns  in  Colombia,whose populations are affected by deficiencies in the supply of electricity.  The production of biogas would represent an importantopportunity to meet these needs, taking advantage of the solid waste generated, in whose composition organic material predominates(45 %).  For this purpose, MSW samples were taken from the municipalities of Mitú (Vaupés) and Sibundoy (Putumayo), in orderto establish their relevance to produce biogas.  For each sample, the organic waste was characterized in terms of its macroscopiccomposition, moisture content, ash, volatile and total solids.  Subsequently, the composition of biogas obtained was determinedfrom anaerobic digestion tests with biological sludge as inoculum in different proportions and the calorific value of the gas wascalculated.   It was found that organic waste from both municipalities is suitable to produce biogas due to the physicochemicalcharacteristics of the samples, the high methane content generated and, therefore, the satisfactory calorific power for its use in theproduction of electrical energy.

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