scholarly journals Pengolahan Sampah Organik dan Limbah Biomassa dengan Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumbernya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Indradjaja M. Brunner ◽  
Arief Norhidayat ◽  
Satria M. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Biomass Pellet

Solid Waste Processing Technology at the Source (TOSS) is an alternative method in processing organic and biomass waste on a communal scale. The processing of organic and biomass waste material is carried out in three stages of the process: biodrying which utilizes the aerobic activity of microorganisms; chopping which is intended to refine the material, and pelletization to compact the material into biomass pellets. The biodrying process in bamboo boxes is able to reduce the water content in organic and biomass waste within 4-5 days. Sorting of non-organic materials can be done at an early stage before or after the biodrying process. Sorting is required before chopping and pelletizing process to avoid unnecessary machine break down. The biomass pellet which is the final product has a diameter of about 10 mm with a length between 10-40 mm, a calorific value between 3000-4000 kcal/kg, and a moisture content of up to 15%. Compared to coal, biomass pellets tend to have higher volatile and ash content, while lower ash and sulfur content.

Making Charcoal Briquettes from Corncobs Organic Waste Using Variation of Type and Percentage of Adhesives

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilih Sulistyaningkarti ◽  
Budi Utami
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Tapioca Flour

This study aimed to (1) make charcoal briquettes from corncobs organic waste; (2) determine the right type of adhesive to make a corncobs charcoal briquette to produce good quality briquettes; (3) determine the appropriate percentage of adhesive to produce corncobs briquettes to produce good quality briquettes; and (4) know the best characteristics of corncobs charcoal briquettes which include moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and caloric value. The sample used was corncob obtained from a corn farmer in Pasekan Village, Wonogiri regency. This research used experimental method in laboratory with several stages, namely: (1) preparation of materials; (2) carbonization; (3) crushing and sifting of charcoal (4) mixing charcoal with adhesive and water; (5) briquetting; (6) briquette drying; And (7) analysis of briquette quality. This adhesive types used in this research were tapioca flour and wheat flour and the percentage of adhesive material were 5%, 10% and 15% from total weight of charcoal powder. The result of the research were: (1) charcoal briquettes as alternative energy source can be made from biomass waste (corncobs organic waste); (2) charcoal briquettes from organic corncobs wastes using tapioca flour adhesives have better quality than using wheat flour adhesives; (3) the both charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive and 5% wheat flour adhesives have better quality than 10% and 15% in terms of moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and calorific value; and (4) the best characteristics obtained are for the charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive, which have water content of 3,665%; volatile matter amounting of 11.005%; ash content of 4.825%; fixed carbon content of 80.515%; and high heat value of 5661,071%.

Optimizing the Formula for Rice Husk Pellet Fuel Using Orthogonal Array Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Su Xu ◽  
Yong Gui Tao ◽  
Wen Chao Liao ◽  
Bin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Industry ◽  
Biomass Pellet ◽  
Optimal Formula ◽  
Array Testing

Orthogonal array testing was adopted to optimize the formula for the molding of rice husk pellet fuel. An L9(34) array was used; moisture content and ratio proportion of the two additives were set as main influencing factors; the calorific value crush resistance, ash content, density and appearance of rice husk pellets were used as indicators. Visual analysis showed that the optimal formula for the molding of rice husk pellets was: 72% husk, with 15% water, 5% glycerol palmitate and 8% anthracite added. Further tests showed that with these ratios, the calorific value of the obtained pellet fuel17.5MJ/kg, crush resistance98%, density650kg/m3, which meets the standard of European biomass pellet fuel industry.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT-SIFAT KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK KUE KERING BERBAHAN DASAR PATI SAGU, UBI KAYU, UBI JALAR DAN KELADI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Febby J Polnaya ◽  
Rachel Breemer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Brownish Yellow ◽  
Color Texture

The purpose of this research was to characterize chemical and sensory properties (color, texture, taste and liking) of starch-based sago, cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam cookies. Analysis of cookies include moisture content, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber and sensory analysis including color, texture, taste and likeness). The proximate composition indicated that the water content of cookies varied between 1.48 to 2.05%, ash content of 0.65 to 0.72%, 19.23 to 21.76% of fat, crude fiber from 0.41 to 0.71% and 1.33 to 2.42% of total protein. Based on organoleptic tests, the color of cookies was yellow to brownish-yellow, with crispy texture, the taste was sweet and were mostly preferred.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽  
Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽  
Listiana Satiawati ◽  
Thariq Madani ◽  
Teuku Ananda Rizky
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
A Value ◽  
Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste<br />with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter<br />content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of<br />briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a<br />literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives<br />specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for<br />what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable,<br />namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian<br />skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this<br />paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of<br />the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further<br />research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of<br />coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was<br />obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value<br />The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of<br />37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the<br />highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of<br />20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste,<br />namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut<br />husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a<br />mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

scholarly journals Evaluating Marine Debris Trends and the Potential of Incineration in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Ariyanti Sarwono ◽  
Iva Yenis Septiariva ◽  
Chun-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Global Environmental Issue ◽  
Natural Beauty

Highlight Research:The potential calorific value of marine debris obtained from calculating the total waste is 12.05 MJ/kg, which still falls within the incinerator application's standard criteria. AbstractMarine debris, a global environmental issue today, is a major threat to Bali’s seas which are famous for its natural beauty and aggravated by the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of marine debris in Bali Island, especially in the southern region and to analyze the feasibility of incineration as one of the waste treatment processes. This research was conducted by utilizing secondary data and literature reviews from related previous studies. Water content and caloric value were measured directly using the ASTM E 790-15 and ASTM D 5865-11a standards. Marine debris generation from 2013 to 2019 tends to decrease from 1.22 kg/km.day to 0.46 kg/km.day. Organic waste (59.4%) comprised the largest marine debris followed by plastic waste (13.4%) and diapers (11.9%). Thermal technology such as incineration can be introduced to treat marine debris. The standard application of incinerator technology is moisture content and caloric value. The water content of marine debris is reportedly 54.56%, therefore, further preliminary processing is needed, especially for waste with high moisture content, such as diapers and organic waste. The potential calorific value of marine debris during the COVID-19 pandemic obtained from calculating the total waste was 12.05 MJ/kg which still did not meet the incinerator application's standard criteria.

scholarly journals Assessment of load and quality of logging residues from clear-felling areas in Järvselja: a case study from Southeast Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahur Kurvits ◽  
Katri Ots ◽  
Ahto Kangur ◽  
Henn Korjus ◽  
Peeter Muiste
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Small Admixture ◽  
Combustion Tests

AbstractThe properties of biomass-based fuel and combustion tests showed that logging residues are promising renewable energy sources. The data used in this study were collected from four clear-felling areas in Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest Centre, Southeast Estonia in 2013–2014. Logging was carried out by harvesters in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) dominated stands with a small admixture of other tree species according to the cut-to-length method and logging residues were placed in heaps. The aim of this research is to assess different characteristics of logging residues (quantity, moisture content, energetic potential, ash content and amount) in clear-felling areas. The highest load of slash was measured on the birch dominated study site, where the dry weight of the logging residues was 29 t ha−1. Only the branch fraction moisture content on the black alder dominated site (35.4%) was clearly different from respective values on other sites (21.6–25.4%). The highest calorific value of the residues was assessed with the residues from the birch dominated site, where in moist sample it was 365 GJ ha−1 and in dry matter 585 GJ ha−1. The heating value of the fresh residues is highest in coniferous trees. The highest ash content in branch segments was registered for the black alder dominated site. Järvselja data indicate higher quality in conifer dominated sites, yet a higher load of logging residues in broadleaf dominated stands.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET DARI GAMBUT DAN AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR MATERI ILMU KIMIA DAN PERANANNYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Lisa Mariati ◽  
Yusbarina Yusbarina
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Mass Variation ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Alternative Source

AbstractHuman needs on fossil fuels is increasing, but the source is limited.  Thus, a renewable alternative source is needed.  One of them is Biomass.  Biomass fuel can be in the form of bio-briquette. Bio-briquette utilization as fuel is based on the carbon content contained in Biomass such as peat and bagasse.  This research aimed at knowing bio-briquette quality as fuel and learning source at senior high school.  Bio-briquette prepared with variation of peat and bagasse mass composition were 40: 0, 30: 10, 20: 20, 10: 30, 0: 40 (g: g).  Bio-briquette was made by using 20 g adhesive kanji.  Bio-briquette quality tested was done by testing the water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and duration of flame.  Bio-briquette the best quality is the mass variation of G 10g: 30g AT with water content of 3.93%, ash content of 6.33%, volatile matter of 46.60%, fixed carbon of 43.14%, calorific  value of 5986 cal / g , duration of flame 210 minutes and the mass variation 0g G: 40g AT with water content of 2.33%, ash content of 3.83%, volatile matter of 49.47%, calorific value of 6198 cal / g, duration of flame 250 minutes. Preparing bio-briquette of peat and bagasse as learning source on chemistry material and its implementation was on the category of good (93.33%). Keywords: Bio-briquette, Peat, Bagasse, Quality test

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Erwin Junary ◽  
Julham Prasetya Pane ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Volatile Matter Content ◽  
Temperature Variable

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels

scholarly journals TINJAUAN PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE CAKE PABRIK PULP KRAFT SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF MELALUI PROSES GASIFIKASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsudin Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Lime Kiln ◽  
Sludge Cake

Kraft pulp mills generate large amounts of sludge cake with typical calorific value of 24 MJ/kg (dry and ash-free basis). Sludge cake could be utilized as an alternative energy through gasification to produce medium gaseous fuel. Sludge cake has a high moisture content and low dewaterability, probably due to biomass from the microbial growth in the wastewater treatment by activated sludge. These problems could be overcome by the addition of filtration aid utilizing biomass waste from pulp mill and dewatering processes by TAMD method. Drying was continued by utilizing hot flue gas from the boiler or lime kiln. Steam gasification of sludge cake by allothermal model could produce a gaseous fuel with a calorific value of 11 MJ/Nm3. Allothermal gasification model of two reactors was able for handling sludge cake with a moisture content of <55%, but produce gas with a high tar content.Gasification or combustion of sludge cake on this model should be performed at temperatures >1200°C to prevent slagging and fouling problem. In contrast, allothermal gasification model of three reactors could produce gas with a low tar content. Heat of gasification reaction might be supplied from thecombustion of volatile gas. Pyrolysis could be performed at temperatures <500oC to permit adequateheat supply for gasification and high char yield. Substitution of natural gas with producer gas need topay attention to the redesign of the combustion process associated with the lower heat of combustion.Keywords: sludge cake, dewatering, gasification, steam, CO2, medium gaseous fuelABSTRAK Pabrik pulp kraft menghasilkan sludge cake dalam jumlah besar dengan nilai kalor tipikal 20 MJ/kg (dasar kering dan bebas abu). Sludge cake dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif melalui gasifikasi untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar gas medium. Sludge cake memiliki kadar air tinggi dan dewaterability rendah, disebabkan adanya biomassa hasil pertumbuhan mikroba pengolahan air limbahsecara lumpur aktif. Kendala ini diatasi dengan penambahan media bantu  filtrasi memanfaatkan limbah biomassa pabrik pulp dan proses dewatering dengan metode TAMD. Pengeringan dilanjutkan dengan memanfaatkan gas panas dari boiler atau lime kiln. Proses gasifikasi-kukus allothermal terhadap sludge cake dapat menghasilkan gas bakar dengan nilai kalor 11 MJ/Nm3. Gasifikasi allothermal model dua reaktor mampu menangani sludge cake dengan kadar air <55%, namun menghasilkan gas dengan kadar tar yang tinggi. Gasifikasi atau pembakaran sludge cake pada model ini sebaiknya dilakukan pada suhu di bawah 1200oC untuk menghindari terjadinya slagging dan fouling. Sebaliknya, gasifikasi allothermal model tiga reaktor dapat menghasilkan gas dengan kadar tar rendah. Panas reaksi gasifikasi mungkin dapat dipenuhi dari pembakaran gas volatil hasil pirolisis. Pirolisis dapat dilakukan pada suhu <500ºC dengan mempertimbangkan kecukupan suplai panas gasifikasi dan yield arang tinggi. Penggantian gas bumi dengan gas produser perlu memperhatikan redesign proses pembakaran terkait dengan panas pembakaran yang lebih rendah.Kata kunci: sludge cake, dewatering, gasifikasi, kukus, CO2, bahan bakar gas kalor medium

scholarly journals UJI MUTU BRIKET DARI PENCAMPURAN JERAMI DAN SEKAM PADI DARI LIMBAH PASCA PANEN DI LAHAN GAMBUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Fonny Rianawati ◽  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Muhammad Naparin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Quality Value

This study aims to conduct a study of the quality value of briquettes made from mixing straw and rice husks which include a flame test and combustion rate which is expected to be used to educate people around the forest by providing innovation and technology regarding the use of post-harvest waste. The results showed that the value of the quality of briquettes made from variations in the mixing of straw and rice husks including the flame test of the combustion rate obtained results, for treatment A (100% straw) of 0.68 gr/minute, treatment B (100% husk) of 0 ,57 gr/minute, treatment C (Husk 75% + Straw 25%) was 0.40 gr/minute, treatment D (Husk 25% + Straw 75%) was 0.46 r/minute and treatment E (Husk 50% + Straw 50%) of 0.43 gr/minute. The value of the flame to boiling time for treatment A = 38.62 minutes, treatment B = 31.05, treatment C = 23.22 minutes, treatment D = 36.05 and treatment E = 27.95 minutes. Density values of all treatments, and the water content for treatment B and treatment C can meet SII. While other parameters: ash content, volatile matter, bound carbon and calorific value still cannot meet the standards, so it is recommended to carry out further research with other variations of treatment, in order to obtain briquettes with quality that can meet the standards.

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