scholarly journals Effect Of Water Content On Characteristics Fuel From The Municipal Solid Waste Through The Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Imron Rosyadi ◽  
Ni Ketut Caturwati ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Rice Samples

The increase in the population of Indonesia is proportional to the increase in the amount of waste produced. Municipal solid waste (MSW) especially organic waste, can be used as solid fuel by means of the torefaction process. Torefaction is a thermo-chemical heat treatment method for biomass conversion that takes place at a temperature of 200oC to 300oC under conditions of atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moisture content on calorific, proximate and ultimate values ​​of torefaction samples using municipal solid waste. Setting the water content in the mixed sample (30% rice + 70% wood) with variations in moisture content of 30%, 40%, and 50%; and rice and wood samples with variations in moisture content of 40% and 50%. The torefaction was carried out at a temperature of 300oC for one hour and  inert gas  N2. Torefaction products have been tested contain of the calorific value, proximate testing, and ultimate testing. The results obtained were the best calorific value in the rice sample, the moisture content of 40% was 6351.1 cal / g or equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. The proximate and ultimate results of the best heating value are rice samples with 40% moisture content, fixed carbon 62.95%, volatile matter 27.85%, moisture 7.06%, ash 2.14%, carbon 71.85%, hydrogen. 2.80%, nitrogen 3.17%, and sulfur 0.05%. The calorific value calculation method that is almost close to the test results is the Dulong method, with an average error percentage of 1.63%.

Autothermal biodrying of municipal solid waste with high moisture content

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zawadzka ◽  
Liliana Krzystek ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Capacity

AbstractTo carry out autothermal drying processes during the composting of biomass, a horizontal tubular reactor was designed and tested. A biodrying tunnel of the total capacity of 240 dm3 was made of plastic material and insulated with polyurethane foam to prevent heat losses. Municipal solid waste and structural plant material were used as the input substrate. As a result of autothermal drying processes, moisture content decreased by 50 % of the initial moisture content of organic waste of about 800 g kg−1. In the tested cycles, high temperatures of biodried waste mass were achieved (54–56°C). An appropriate quantity of air was supplied to maintain a satisfactory level of temperature and moisture removal in the biodried mass and high energy content in the final product. The heat of combustion of dried waste and its calorific value were determined in a calorimeter. Examinations of pyrolysis and gasification of dried waste confirmed their usefulness as biofuel of satisfactory energy content.

scholarly journals Potential And Characteristics Of Eichhornia Crassipes Biomass And Municipal Solid Waste As Raw Materials For RDF In Co-Firing Coal Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
S A C R Darmawan ◽  
A L Sihombing ◽  
D G Cendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Value Range ◽  
The Government

Abstract The government has regulated the use of RDF biomass for coal co-firing in power plants. This paper examines biomass (Eichhornia Crassipes and municipal solid waste) characteristics and its potential use as RDF for co-firing in CPP. The method includes the analysis of the composition, supply of raw materials, and biomass characteristics. These results will compare with the coal’s characteristics in CPP. The density of Eichhornia Crassipes in Lake Tondano was 25 kg/m2, with the wet mass of 45,350 tons. The results of the Eichhornia Crassipes sample test for parameters of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fix carbon and gross calorific value have a value range of 93%, 5.8-7.1%, 60.21-63.5%, 17.9-22%, 11.4% and 2681-3068 kcal/kg. Amurang CPP uses coal with 4200 kcal/kg calories as much as 1056 tons/day. The co-firing target of 5% requires 52.8 tons of biomass per day. The existing Eichhornia Crassipes biomass in Lake Tondano only supplies the CPP for 62 days. MSW typically has calorific values and moisture with Eichhornia Crassipes biomass, about 3766-4194 kcal/kg and 31.7-87.1%. The use of MSW to cover the lack of Eichhornia Crassipes will ensure the sustainability of the supply of biomass raw materials in the co-firing program at CPP.

scholarly journals Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from Urban Waste using Biodrying Process: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Mochammad Chaerul ◽  
Annisa Kusuma Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel

The utilization of waste into fuel (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF) is an alternative to overcome the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW). Many processes can be applied to produce RDF including through biodrying process. Biodrying is a part of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) aiming to reduce water content in the waste by utilizing heat generated from microorganism activities while degrading organic matter in the waste, thus the calorific value will increase. The paper aims to make a review from various research papers on biodrying process published in scientific journals, so it becomes one of reference on further research on biodrying process by considering the characteristics of waste in Indonesia. The review has been conducted by focusing on several important aspects on the research such as operation principle, reactor design configuration, parameters to be examined, and the characteristics of feed and product.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF LEVEL OF WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY OF FOSSIL FUEL IN TPA CILOWONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Ade Ariesmayana ◽  
Fitri Dwirani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini memberikan solusi dalam alternatif energi terbarukan dengan memanfaatkan sampah kota (municipal solid waste) dari sumber Tempat Pembuangan Akhir  Sampah (TPA) Cilowong, Kota Serang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji karakteristik sampah Kota Serang, yang meliputi Uji  Proksimat (proximate analysis), Uji Ultimat (ultimate analysis), Kadar Air Sampah dan Uji Nilai Kalor, serta mengetahui seberapa potensialkah timbulan sampah Kota Serang sebagai energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan TPA Cilowong, Kota Serang. Pada laporan ini dibatasi hanya pada perhitungan Kadar Air Sampah. Metode penelitian yang  digunakan adalah dengan pengujian laboratorium dan analisis kelayakan karakteristik sampah. Teknik penelitian yaitu  dengan melakukan survei dan obervasi ke TPAS Cilowong serta wawancara mendalam dengan dinas terkait dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kelayakan sampah kota Serang sebagai energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil.   Kata Kunci: Energi Alternatif, Kadar Air Sampah, TPA Cilowong     ABSTRACT This research provides solutions in alternative renewable energy by utilizing municipal solid waste from the source of the Cilowong Waste Disposal Site (TPA), Serang City. This study aims to examine the characteristics of the city of Serang waste, which includes the Proximate Test (proximate analysis), Ultimate Analysis, Waste Water Content and Calorific Value Test, and find out the potential waste generation of Serang City as an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. The study was conducted in the Cilowong landfill area, Serang City. This report is limited only to the calculation of Waste Water Content. The research method used is laboratory testing and analysis of the characteristics of waste characteristics. The research technique is by conducting surveys and observations to the Cilowong TPAS as well as in-depth interviews with related agencies and the people living around the area. The results of this study are the feasibility of municipal waste as an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels.   Keywords: Alternative Energy, Waste Water Content, Cilowong Landfill

Waste to Energy: Calorific Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste through Biodrying

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Badrus Zaman ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Samadikun ◽  
Nurandani Hardyanti ◽  
Purwono Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Hemicellulose Degradation

Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an energy resource with sufficient energy/calorific value, making it a suitable substitute for fuel. This study investigated the effect of air flow rate on the MSW calorific value, the hemicellulose content, and the MSW degradation rate in a biodrying process. Four biodrying reactors equipped with flowrate and temperature recorders were used in the study. The air flow rate was varied as follows: 0 L/min/kg, 2 L/min/kg, 4 L/min/kg, and 6 L/min/kg, corresponding to reactors R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. The calorific value, water content, hemicellulose content, organic C content, and total N were measured on day 1, day 15, and day 30. The results showed that the biodrying process could increase the calorific value by 55.3 %, whereas the control reactor could increase the calorific value by only 4.7 %. The highest calorific value was 17.63 MJ/kg, at an air flow rate of 4 L/min/kg. The air flow rate had a significant effect on increasing the calorific value (sig.<0.05). The highest temperature in the biodrying process was 41 °C. The final MSW moisture content was 27.28 %, resulting from R4. According to the statistical test results, the air flow rate had a significant influence on the water content parameters. Hemicellulose degradation due to air flow rate reached 80–85 %. The air flow rate did not significantly influence the hemicellulose degradation (sig.>0.05). The biodrying process is the suitable method to increase the calorific value of MSW while reducing its water content; thus, the process promotes the realization of waste to energy as refuse-derived fuel.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of co-incineration of sewage sludge and municipal solid waste in municipal solid waste incinerator

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 04019
Author(s):  
Haichuan Wang ◽  
Yanfen Liao ◽  
Xiaoqian Ma ◽  
Xianghao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Mixing Proportion ◽  
Excess Air Coefficient ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Solid Waste Incinerator ◽  
Dynamics Method

Incineration is widely used as an important method of sludge and garbage utilization and harmless treatment. The simulations of co-incineration of sludge and municipal solid waste are conducted by computational fluid dynamics method(CFD) in a MSW incinerator. The study focuses on the effect of mixing proportion, moisture content of sludge, excess air coefficient and primary and secondary air distribution ratio on the combustion progress. Simulation results indicate that the combustion temperature of furnace decreases rapidly with the increase of the mixing proportion and moisture content of sludge, which is mainly because the moisture content of sludge is higher than that of MSW as well as its low calorific value. As a result, it is recommended that the water content and mixing ratio of sludge would be controlled below 40% and 7% respectively. Therefore, the fresh sludge should be dried before entering the furnace.

scholarly journals Comparison of biogas production obtained from samples of Mitú and Sibundoy municipal solid waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Marcela Triana Jiménez ◽  
Mario Enrique Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Calorific Power

This  study  compares  the  calorific  power  of  biogas  obtained  from  the  municipal  solid  waste  (MSW)of  two  towns  in  Colombia,whose populations are affected by deficiencies in the supply of electricity.  The production of biogas would represent an importantopportunity to meet these needs, taking advantage of the solid waste generated, in whose composition organic material predominates(45 %).  For this purpose, MSW samples were taken from the municipalities of Mitú (Vaupés) and Sibundoy (Putumayo), in orderto establish their relevance to produce biogas.  For each sample, the organic waste was characterized in terms of its macroscopiccomposition, moisture content, ash, volatile and total solids.  Subsequently, the composition of biogas obtained was determinedfrom anaerobic digestion tests with biological sludge as inoculum in different proportions and the calorific value of the gas wascalculated.   It was found that organic waste from both municipalities is suitable to produce biogas due to the physicochemicalcharacteristics of the samples, the high methane content generated and, therefore, the satisfactory calorific power for its use in theproduction of electrical energy.

scholarly journals Pelletization of Refuse-Derived Fuel with Varying Compositions of Plastic, Paper, Organic and Wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4645
Author(s):  
Hamid Rezaei ◽  
Fahimeh Yazdan Panah ◽  
C. Jim Lim ◽  
Shahab Sokhansanj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Die Temperature ◽  
Plastic Content

The combustible fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) is called refuse-derived fuel (RDF). RDF is a blend of heterogeneous materials and thus its handling is challenging. Pelletization is an efficient treatment to minimize the heterogeneity. In this research, typical RDF compositions were prepared by mixing several mass fractions of paper, plastic, household organic and wood. The collected compositions were ground, wetted to 20% moisture content (wet basis) and pelletized. Increasing the plastic content from 20% to 40% reduced the pelletization energy but increased the pellet’s calorific value. Pellets with higher plastic content generated more dust when exposed to shaking. Making durable pellets with 40% plastic content needed an increase in die temperature from 80 °C to 100 °C. Increasing the paper content from 30% to 50% increased the durability but consumed higher energy to form pellets. Paper particles increased the friction between pellet’s surface and die wall as was evident from expulsion energy. Force versus displacement curve for material compression revealed that the RDF compositions have rigid material characteristics.

scholarly journals Impact Of Aerobic Biostabilisation And Biodrying Process Of Municipal Solid Waste On Minimisation Of Waste Deposited In Landfills

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Dziedzic ◽  
Bogusława Łapczyńska-Kordon ◽  
Mateusz Malinowski ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Jakub Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Solid Municipal Waste ◽  
Innovative System

Abstract The article discusses an innovative system used for aerobic biostabilisation and biological drying of solid municipal waste. A mechanical–biological process (MBT) of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment were carried out and monitored in 5 bioreactors. A two-stage biological treatment process has been used in the investigation. In the first step an undersize fraction was subjected to the biological stabilisation for a period of 14 days as a result of which there was a decrease of loss on ignition, but not sufficient to fulfill the requirements of MBT technology. In the second stage of a biological treatment has been applied 7-days intensive bio-drying of MSW using sustained high temperatures in bioreactor. The article presents the results of the chemical composition analysis of the undersize fraction and waste after biological drying, and also the results of temperature changes, pH ratio, loss on ignition, moisture content, combustible and volatile matter content, heat of combustion and calorific value of wastes. The mass balance of the MBT of MSW with using the innovative aeration system showed that only 14.5% of waste need to be landfilled, 61.5% could be used for thermal treatment, and nearly 19% being lost in the process as CO2 and H2O.

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