scholarly journals THEMATIC GROUPS OF ENGLISH TERMS OF THE SPECIALIZED LANGUAGE OF THE U. S. HIGHER EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Sheremeta
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Orientation ◽  
Specialized Language ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Terminology System

The article, based on a systematic approach, highlights the author's thematic groups of English-language terminological units of the specialized  language of higher education in the United States. An attempt has been made to comprehend on the scholarly basis the correlation between the concepts of “thematic group” and “lexical-semantic group”. It is noted that the thematic classification of lexical units, which is the most common way of combining words, is bgrounded on the internal connections of objects and phenomena of reality, and is determined by the subject-logical features and common functional purpose of these units. Thematic groups of one or another branch terminological system can contain several nuclear lexical-semantic groups, and their units are characterized by a clear differentiation of features. It is emphasized that in interpreting the concept of thematic group, modern linguistics aims to determine the ways and features of semantic development (extralinguistic aspects) not of individual words, but of groups of lexems that have one semantic orientation. A thematic group is a group of words that includes words selected and combined on the basis of common subject-logical connections, and these words are the same parts of speech; or words from other parts of speech, needed to reveal a common theme. In the process of systematic study of English terminology of the U. S. higher education at the conceptual level, the terms are distributed by the author in a certain order – built subject-matter classification, which results in combining terms into thematic groups. Thematic classification involves a clear, logically sound organization of terminological vocabulary. The classification of the terminology of American higher education is based on determining its content, establishing the scope of semantics of each term, its concept that is combined with other terminological units in a single terminology system of the U. S. higher education.

Analysis of Structural and Semantic Characteristics of Agricultural Terms in the Translation Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sydoruk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Flexible Part ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
Technical Terms

Abstract. The article summarizes the theoretical experience of studying the structural and semantic characteristics of scientific and technical terms and agricultural terms in particular. It has substantiated the fact that the agrarian sphere is experiencing a rapid emergence of terms-innovations that are quickly passing all stages of structural-semantic assimilation. A significant percentage of terms are formed as a result of rethinking their previous meanings, which leads to the emergence of so-called semantic terms. Analysis of structural and semantic features of agricultural terms showed that their formation occurs through derivation, terminologization of common vocabulary and assimilation of borrowings. The paper also analyzes examples of the functioning of English-language multicomponent clusters and the peculiarities of their translation. The purpose of research is to clarify the structural and semantic features of agricultural terminology, to identify and describe the processes of formation of one- and multi-component agricultural terms, to determine the main word-forming types of agricultural terminology. Results of research. Agrarian terminology, which is a set of words and stable phrases corresponding to the concepts functioning in this area (objects, phenomena and actions), is a mobile and flexible part of common vocabulary, and therefore requires systematization. The main carriers of these concepts are nouns, a certain number of verbs and adjectives which most serve as definitions in multicomponent clusters and are not independent. Word-forming means are mainly Latin-Greek morphemes, word stems and phrases. Depending on the participation of language in term formation, the terms of the agricultural sector are divided into three types: simple terms or word-terms; complex terms; terms-phrases or multicomponent clusters Agrarian terminology uses such ways of word formation as lexical-semantic, lexical-syntactic, morphological, abbreviation, and morphological-syntactic. Many commonly used lexical items acquire meanings inherent in the agricultural sector, becoming terms with a narrower meaning. Modern scientific literature on agricultural topics contains terms that have two or more meanings in this area, the clarification of which is only disclosed by the context. In translation, such ambiguity causes blurring of meaning, vagueness, substitution of terms and ultimately distortion of the content as a whole. It is important to consider the lexical and grammatical environment of the term. Due to the context, the following translation issues can be addressed: a) the word is used in its common or special narrow meaning; b) the choice of one of several meanings of a polysemous term in a particular context. From agrarian vocabulary, terminological units move into colloquial language, sometimes becoming jargons or terminoids that function in limited areas of engineering and technology, forming a layer of stylized new scientific and technical terms. Professional slang is usually short, expressive and to some extent stylistically colored. The most successful of them are fixed in the terminology system over time and receive official recognition in a certain subject area, being fixed in dictionaries, and some pass to other areas and into the common language. Specifics of functioning the terminological combinations require appropriate methods of their translation, among which there are a few main ones: literal translation of lexical units is carried out with the help of calque; replacement of parts of speech; explanatory translation of terms; translation with word order changes, primarily in attributive group. Conclusions. Agro-biological terminology tends to be poly-variant in translation, polysemy and homonymy. In order to overcome the difficulties in translating professional texts, it is necessary to work more actively with special vocabulary, thoroughly study the issues of ambiguity, synonyms and antonyms, word formation and methods of translation. The above considerations open opportunities for the practical application of these methods of translation of agro-biological terminology, and for further creative search for the correct perception of professionally oriented texts.

scholarly journals Thematic classification of English abbreviations for language teaching organizations. Introduction

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Common ◽  
Selection Of

The article analyzes the distribution of thematic subgroups (TSG) of English abbreviations within the thematic group (TG) "Names of language teaching organizations". Basing on the similar thematic classification studies of Ukrainian terminology, the authors found the lack of relevant research on English abbreviations, which, together with the need for their systematic thematic classification, allowed them to substantiate the relevance of the study, aimed to identify the said TSGs. The objectives involved the selection of the corpus, its analysis, as well as the formulation of conclusions and the prospects of further research. English terminology is a specific system based on the relevant conceptual features. It comprises a number of TGs, i.e. the sets of lexemes grouped together according to their extralinguistic properties. The criterion for defining a TG is a denotative feature reflecting the extralinguistic reality. The distribution of lexemes among the TGs is an important task of studying any terminological system. The corpus included 122 abbreviations selected from the original English-language sources. TSGs of English abbreviations within the said TG have varying degrees of complexity. The most sophisticated ones are the TSGs related to "Organizations directly involved in language teaching" (19%), "Government agencies" (14%) and some others. The proposed TSGs vary in their quantitative composition, structural type, parts of speech their full forms belong to, as well as the auxiliary words strategies. Some abbreviations are formally synonymic, though denoting different organizations. The analyzed TG includes ten TSGs, whose logic and clarity is provided for by the common conceptual features of their constituents, which are carriers of their thematic integrity. The said components are based on different term-formation models that constitute the prospect of further research.

scholarly journals The Carnegie Classification of American Higher Education: More—and Less—Than Meets the Eye

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Altbach
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Carnegie Foundation ◽  
Carnegie Classification ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Clark Kerr

Classifying higher education institutions in a complex higher education system is quite important for understanding the system and the role of institutions within it. In the United States, the Carnegie Classification, developed by Clark Kerr and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching developed such a system. Now, under new leadership, the future of the original model is threatened.

A lexical-semantic analysis of anglicisms in sports terminology

Babel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-768
Author(s):  
Milisav Ilinčić
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Complete Answer ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Linguistic Means

Abstract Anglicisms are words borrowed from the English language that are customarily used in the Serbian language; they are frequently used in the Serbian media and in everyday speech. Trying to shed light on the role and importance of anglicisms in the Serbian language, this paper places a special emphasis on the influence of anglicisms in the sphere of sports terminology. The reasons for conducting an all-encompassing analysis of sports terms are quite obvious. First of all, if we exclude the growing vocabulary pertaining to informatics, we could say that it is precisely in the sphere of sports terminology that the greatest number of anglicisms is to be found. Taking into consideration separate functions of the English language (English for special purposes, English for academic and professional purposes), the paper introduces a general classification of anglicisms, following which, providing numerous examples, it analyses the adaptation of sports terminology within the framework of the Serbian language – on the level of phonology, morphology and semantics. Finally, in order to provide a complete answer to this question, the final research encompasses the broader context of the use of linguistic means. Naturally, the broadening of lexis makes it increasingly diverse and rich on a daily basis, with new syntagms being coined in English, giving surprising results. At this moment, we do not know fully what can be accomplished with them, as their use is still being developed.

Theoretical course of the English language. Grammar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alesya Dzhioeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
State Educational

The purpose of the textbook is to give students an idea of the theoretical grammar of the English language and the issues that it solves. The basics of the general grammatical theory and theoretical grammar of the modern English language are described. The sections of grammar — morphology and syntax, their correlation in different languages are considered. The most important grammatical concepts are analyzed: a word, a phrase, a sentence. The idea of the theory of parts of speech, as well as parts of speech in the English language is given. The textbook includes eight chapters, a bibliographic list and appendices containing additional material. Each chapter is devoted to a specific question of theoretical grammar. At the end of each chapter, conclusions are given — a summary of its essence, a list of references, questions and tasks that help to assimilate the material are given. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is recommended for students of philological faculties of universities studying the theory of grammar and theoretical grammar of the English language.

Latinos and Higher Education: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jermain Flink
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Population ◽  
Hispanic Serving

This article is an overview of the Latino population within the United States, and within higher education. Changes in demography have led to an increase in Latinos in higher education. First-generation Latinos face unique cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic challenges on campus. As a result, there has been an increase in English-language learners (ELLs), as well as an increase in the number of Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) across the country.

scholarly journals Anglo-Norman Borrowings in Irish

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Olga Karkishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
English Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
Specialized Language ◽  
Everyday Communication

In the present paper an attempt is made to analyze and classify French lexis borrowed into Irish during the Middle Ages. The French language flourished in Ireland in the XII c., giving way to English in everyday communication in the XIII c., but still used on a formal level till the XV c. The strong influence of Anglo-Norman dialect of French in this period caused an active borrowing of French vocabulary into Irish. Most of the borrowings, however, have analogous correspondences in Middle English, this fact obscuring their origin: it is not clear whether they have been borrowed directly from Anglo-Norman or brought into Irish by means of English. Here phonetic form of the word can be of help in defining the source language, as a number of distinctive features can be found in both types of borrowed words. Such cases are illustrated in the paper and the importance of phonetic analysis for their chronological classification and dating is also emphasized. Semantics of the borrowed vocabulary is also discussed here showing what spheres of life in society underwent the most considerable influence of the invaders. Words mostly belong to specialized language and serve to name the ideas and objects not typical or new to Irish society before the Norman Conquest. A number of significant and relatively homogeneous semantic groups of borrowings are singled out and illustrated; distinct parallels with English are also traced here. It is shown that unlike the English language, Irish did not allow the borrowed words to become a center of already existing semantic groups, they always remained at the periphery and are now perceived as stylistically marked. Nevertheless, the borrowed French vocabulary was assimilated by the Irish language and the instances of still existing borrowings have become a natural part of the modern lexis. The question of a trustworthy dating is also raised here. The required information is drawn from documents created during two centuries after the Conquest, but it is phonetic analysis, which often proves most reliable, especially if the date of the earliest written fixation of the word can hardly be ascertained. The first written instances of borrowings can be found in the late XIII c., but documents of the conquest period are rare as a whole. However, in certain cases the dating is possible, and here a rough two-period classification of these instances is introduced and grounded.

scholarly journals Classification of Homonymic Terms in Medical Terminology of English, Russian and Tatar Languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Venera Khisamova ◽  
Liliia Abdullina ◽  
Leila Nurgalieva ◽  
Elmira Khabibullina
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Functional Shift ◽  
High Degree

This study is undertaken to identify the similarities and differences of classification of homonyms in medical terminology of English, Russian and Tatar languages. In this paper a comparative method was used to identify the common and special in the compared languages. The basis of comparison in the medical terminology of genetically unrelated languages was established. In this study, the method of feature comparison was used, i.e. the phenomenon of homonymy was studied in a comparative aspect. The results of this study contribute to ordering the terms, the selection of the correct, appropriate term when translating medical texts from one language into another. The languages under the consideration have intra-terminological, inter-terminological, inter-system homonymy. Besides, there are homonymic relations between eponyms in all languages. In the medical terminology of the English language, the following groups of homonyms are found: absolute, incomplete, partial (homophones, homographs) homonyms. Incomplete homonyms are divided into lexical and lexical and grammatical, and partial homonyms are divided into lexical, lexical and grammatical, grammatical (homonyms-converse terms). Homophones, in turn, are classified into homophones and near homophones. Homonyms are classified into homonyms of a high degree of homonymity, homonyms of a medium degree of homonymity, homonyms of a low degree of homonymity in Russian medical terminology. In medical terminology of the Tatar language absolute and incomplete homonyms are distinguished. Incomplete homonyms include homoforms that belong to different parts of speech and homographs. Homographs are rare phenomenon in the medical terminology of the Tatar language. Separately, as a special group, homonyms-converse terms are considered. There are three types of functional shift relations in the Tatar language: syntactic, lexical and semantic, the most common of which is syntactic relation. The phenomenon of homonymy affects the Greek-Latin terminological elements, which are international. Comparative analysis of three languages in the matter of homonyms in medical terminology has shown that English and Tatar languages have more similarities than English and Russian ones and Russian and Tatar ones. The English medical terminology is more replete with homonymous acronyms than Russian and Tatar ones.

scholarly journals More than learning English? The impact of university intensive English language program attendance on international student academic achievement

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Adam T. Clark ◽  
Dianna Lippincott ◽  
Jeongeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
International Students ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
International Student ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Intensive English ◽  
The Impact

This study frames intensive English language programs (IEPs) in institutions of higher education as potential vehicles for social justice among marginalized international students. In this study we examine the differences in academic achievement between international students who enter a university through an English proficiency test and those who pass through an IEP. We compared both populations through nearly 900 cases, out of a sample of 4888, who had similar language proficiency at the time of enrolling at a large research-intensive university in the Southwest of the United States. The results revealed great similarity between the populations of students indicating that as an intervention-style program, the IEP was successful in meeting the linguistic and academic needs of the students. The study also revealed potential implications for higher education policy in ensuring both program quality and benefit to students. The paper also raises issues of equity in terms of the lack of analysis in long-term outcomes for these types of programs compared to other interventions, the need for expansion of international student data collection by institutions of higher education and overall transparency in pre-university programs.

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