scholarly journals Therapeutic approach to children’s intussusception at late hospitalization

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
M. K. Belyaev ◽  
K. K. Fyodorov
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Time Period

The goal of the investigation was to define whether conservative disinvagination would be safe and effective for long children’s intussusception. 368 children of 1 month to 13 years old age with intussusception have been treated in Novokuznetsk’ pediatric surgery clinic for a period from 1976 up to 2001. The number of boys was 248 (67,4%) and girls — 120 (32,6%) respectively. Patients of the age up to 1 year old were 185 (50,3%), older than 1 year — 183 (49,7%). 214 patients (58,2%) were hospitalized during the first 12 hours from the disease began, 71 patients (19,3%) — during 12—24 hours, 48 patients (13%) — during 24—48 hours, 35 patients (9,5%) — after 48 hours. In our clinic the method of conservative intussusception therapy is considered to be the priority and its application, if there are no any abdominal cavity complications (peritonitis), does not depend on introducing form, patients’ age, time period of hospitalization following the disease or recurrence beginning. The bloodless therapy has been found to be effective: the 1th stage — 93,2%, the 2nd stage — 93%, the 3d stage — 86,4% and the 4th stage — 91,7%. Thus, our facts earnestly prove both the potential of bloodless intussusception treatment method for children at late hospitalization (after 24 hours) and its safety and high efficiency (88,3%).

scholarly journals Development of COVID-19 vaccines utilizing gene therapy technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakagami
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Time

Abstract There is currently an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Individuals with COVID-19 have symptoms that are usually asymptomatic or mild in most initial cases. However, in some cases, moderate and severe symptoms have been observed with pneumonia. Many companies are developing COVID-19 vaccine candidates using different technologies that are classified into four groups (intact target viruses, proteins, viral vectors and nucleic acids). For rapid development, RNA vaccines and adenovirus vector vaccines have been urgently approved, and their injection has already started across the world. These types of vaccine technologies have been developed over more than 20 years using translational research for use against cancer or diseases caused by genetic disorders but the COVID-19 vaccines are the first licensed drugs to prevent infectious diseases using RNA vaccine technology. Although these vaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19 for a short period, safety and efficiency evaluations should be continuously monitored over a long time period. As the time of writing, more than 10 projects are now in phase 3 to evaluate the prevention of infection in double-blind studies. Hopefully, several projects may be approved to ensure high-efficiency and safe vaccines.

scholarly journals Gold Extraction from Cyanidation Tailing Using Microwave Chlorination Roasting Method

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhu ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Li ◽  
Shaohua Yin ◽  
Sivasankar Koppala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Field ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Microwave Roasting ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Chlorination Roasting ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Gold Industry

At present, gold mines are increasingly scarce in the world. The yield of cyanidation tailing (CT) of refractory gold ores with a grade of 10 g/T is huge; however, the effective capitalization of the cyanidation tailing is a significant problem in the gold industry. In this work, a new treatment method, a microwave-roasting process developed. The effect of roasting temperature, calcium chloride concentration, holding time and mineral size on the recovery of Au researched under conventional and microwave conditions. It found that, under the same processing conditions, the Au recovery in the microwave field is much higher than that of conventional conditions. The preliminary reinforcing role of the microwave discussed in the recovery of gold. This might be because of the microwave absorption ability of CaCl2 is much better, heated quickly and the reactions intensified among CaCl2, O2, and H2O. As a result, the extraction of gold in CT drastically increased in the microwave field, and the microwave roasting technology shows the characteristics of environmental protection in terms of low energy consumption and high efficiency.

Esophageal Diameters in Children Correlated to Body Weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 528-532
Author(s):  
Thomas Sebastian Bott ◽  
Thekla von Kalle ◽  
Alexander Schilling ◽  
Oliver Heinz Diez ◽  
Sarah Besch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Weight Percentile

Introduction The development of stenoses after correction of an esophageal atresia or acid and lye burn of the esophagus are well-known problems in pediatric surgery. Currently, stenoses are treated in the majority of cases by repeated balloon dilatations. The diameter of the balloons used is not standardized; standard curves do not exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus correlated to the body weight of the children as measured in upper gastrointestinal (GI) studies to answer the important question to what extent a stenosis should be dilated. Materials and Methods Within the time period from 2011 through 2016, 60 patients with upper GI studies were selected. Evaluations were blinded to two different examiners. The diameters were measured under maximum contrast filling between the second and third rib (cranial point of measurement) and between the seventh and eighth rib (caudal point of measurement). For both, the anteroposterior and lateral aspect was examined. The diameter was calculated as the arithmetic average of both measurements within one level. The diameters were correlated to the weight of the children. Results All children (n = 38) within the 3rd to 97th weight percentile were analyzed. Linear correlation and coefficients of 0.67 at the cranial point and 0.70 at the caudal point were found. Mean diameter at the cranial point of measurement was 6.75 mm at the lowest weight (2.6 kg) and 14 mm at 74 kg. Mean weight of these children (standard deviation [SD]) was 25.3 (18.8) kg and median age was 7 years. Within weight groups (0–10 kg; 10–20 kg; 20–35 kg; 35–50 kg; >50 kg), we calculated SD and two side tested critical 95% confidence interval for all measurements (n = 74). Conclusion Although the variation in measurements is considerable, this evaluation gives a reliable hint to which extent esophageal stenoses should be dilated in relation to the body weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus in children in relation to the body weight.

scholarly journals Hybrid Knife, a Novel Drug Delivery Tool for Treatment of Tracheal Stenosis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132094664
Author(s):  
Yan Yin ◽  
Wen-hui Ma ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Hai-feng Ma ◽  
Jian Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Stenosis ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Subglottic Stenosis ◽  
Submucosal Layer ◽  
Topical Medication ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Novel Drug

The treatment of subglottic stenosis remains a challenge due to anatomic and technological limitations, and there is no consensus regarding treatment. Restenosis and granulation formation are the most common complications. Balloon dilatation combined with cryotherapy and adjuvant topical medication is one treatment method. However, the efficacy of adjuvant topical medication is controversial, and the lack of efficacy may be related to the effective dose of the drug delivered to the submucosal layer of the lesion. Therefore, a tool with high efficiency for delivering medications to the submucosal layer via injection may play an important role in treatment. A hybrid knife (HK) with a pressure water jet traditionally used in endoscopy submucosal dissection to inject saline into the submucosa was employed here to inject medications for subglottic stenosis, followed by electrical excision. Here, we report the case of a man with complex subglottic stenosis who underwent balloon dilatation combined with cryotherapy and an adjuvant submucosal triamcinolone injection performed with an HK. The drug was delivered more efficiently into the submucosal layer, and the lumen of the trachea was patent. Performing a submucosal injection with an HK may be a new approach to deliver medications to the submucosal layer for the treatment of tracheal stenosis.

Severe Corneal Complications Associated With Corneal Lubricant Used During Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Lee ◽  
E. Mitchel Opremcak ◽  
Christiane Hunt ◽  
Juan A. Astruc ◽  
Brian Toussaint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Epithelial Defect ◽  
Chemical Burns ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Defect ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Litmus Paper

Purpose: To present a series of cases of corneal chemical burns associated with the use of likely improperly buffered corneal lubricant gel, Goniovisc, during uncomplicated, posterior segment surgery. Methods: Cases of postoperative corneal complications following surgeries in which Goniovisc was used were collected from 6 retina practices across the United States between January and August 2016. The preoperative diagnosis, type of procedure, postoperative day 1 corneal findings, treatment method, and time to resolution of the corneal irregularity were recorded. pH testing of Goniovisc lots from this time period was performed using Hydrion litmus paper. Results: A total of 157 eyes of 156 patients were found to have corneal complications following relatively simple posterior segment surgeries in which Goniovisc was used. Findings included one or more of the following: corneal epithelial defect (84% of cases), Descemet folds (34%), stromal edema (14%), and superficial punctate keratitis (3%). Time to resolution ranged from 2 to 90 days (mean, 12 days; median, 7 days). Treatment methods included artificial tears (37%), bandage contact lens (28%), antibiotic drops (17%), antibiotic ointment (16%), and patching (9%). Two cases were treated with amniotic membrane grafts. One case required a penetrating keratoplasty due to an old laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap with a nonhealing epithelial defect that scarred significantly. Litmus testing of Goniovisc lots from this time period revealed a pH of 4 to 5. Conclusion: Chemical burns secondary to improperly buffered corneal lubricant solution should be considered in the differential when corneal injury is encountered following posterior segment surgery.

Failures (Cause and Time) of Radiotherapy in Oral Cancer

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Volterrani ◽  
Sandro Barni ◽  
Fausto Chiesa ◽  
Carlo Uslenghi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Combined Surgery ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Reasonable Possibility ◽  
Radiotherapy Alone

The results of a retrospective clinical evaluation concerning 434 cases of oral carcinomas treated with radiotherapy from January 1959 to December 1967 are presented. The analysis of the results obtained shows that radiotherapy alone may offer a reasonable possibility of success in limited lesions (68.3% 5-year survival of Stage I patients). In more advanced local cases, and especially those with regional adenopathies, radiotherapy alone cannot consistently control the disease for a long period of time; 5-year survival from the onset of treatment was respectively 36.5% and 24.5% for Stage II and III cases. Moreover, if controlateral or bilateral metastatic adenopathies or fixed lymph nodes are present, the prognosis becomes dramatic (2.6% 5-year survival of Stage IV patients). Among the irradiation techniques currently available, curietherapy (interstitial applications or surface molds) presumably offers the best possibility of success, since the observed failures, both overall and stage by stage, are inferior. Radiotherapy alone may generally be of proven efficacy if the local or locoregional extension is limited. In more advanced cases a combined surgery-chemotherapy treatment method is recommended. The criteria for a combined therapeutic approach for these tumors are also discussed.

Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Al-Mg Alloy Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Kozulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Krasnoveikin ◽  
Vladimir A. Skripnyak ◽  
Evgeny N. Moskvichev ◽  
Valery E. Rubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Complex Investigation ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ultrafine Grained

This study examines the effect of severe plastic deformation on the physical and mechanical properties of a light structural Al-Mg alloy. Severe plastic deformation has been performed by equal channel angular pressing through a die with an angle of 90° between the channels to produce ultrafine-grained structure in specimens of studied alloy. A complex investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of the processed alloy has been carried out to examine the microstructure and texture, and to measure microhardness, yield stress and ultimate tensile strength. The obtained results demonstrate high efficiency of the chosen treatment method and mode of producing a light ultrafine-grained alloy.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Gastroschisis With the Use of Primary and Staged Closure on the Basis of the Department's 20-Year Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz ◽  
Dominika Skinder ◽  
Przemysław Mankowski
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Primary Closure ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Early Results ◽  
History Of

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis belongs to common developmental anomalies. The aim of surgical management is to restore the integrity of the abdominal wall and to insert the bowel into the abdominal cavity with the use of the primary or staged closure technique.The objective of this paper is to analyze our 20-year experience with surgical treatment of gastroschisis with primary and staged closure, to compare the postoperative course for the said techniques as well as to identify factors influencing the course and early results of treatment.METHODS: The research materials comprise of a retrospective analysis of medical history of patients treated at the Surgery Clinic in Poznan in the years 2000-2019. 59 patients were operated on: 30 girls and 29 boys.Surgical treatment was performed with the use of primary closure in 33% of the cases, whereas the staged silo closure was performed in 67% of the cases. RESULTS: Postoperative analgosedation was used for 6 days on average after primary closures, and for 13 days on average after staged closures. Incidence frequency of generalized bacterial infection was 21% for primary closures and 37% for staged closures. Infants treated with staged closure began enteral feeding considerably later (day 22) than those treated with primary closure (day 12). CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to indicate clearly which surgical technique is superior to the other on the basis of the results obtained. When choosing the treatment method, the patient's clinical condition, associated anomalies and the medical team's experience must be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CHLORIDES AND SULPHATES ON QUALITY OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING ENZYME PREPARATIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra Skaisgiriene ◽  
Pertas Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Vytenis Zabukas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Consumption

The biological treatment method is widely used in Lithuania due to its high efficiency, low cost and suitability for treating various types of wastewater. After technological processes various mineral substances, such as chlorides and sulphates, get into water bodies. These substances are not removed from wastewater by the biological treatment method. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of chlorides and sulphates, investigate the influence of enzyme preparations upon quality and energy consumption and assess energy changes in the trophic food chain during biological treatment. To analyse the mineral salt influence of the biooxidation process a series of laboratory tests was carried out: biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD), activated sludge concentration and other indexes. It is found experimentally that a 400 mg/1 concentration of chlorides disarranges the activity of microorganisms, and at a 700 mg/1 concentration active sludge is no longer suitable for biological treatment. Also, we investigated the effect of a ferment preparation “Roebic” on effluence of sewage treatment. In a tank with an enzyme the total amount of energy after treatment increases by 5–30 %. It is determined by calculating the accumulation of energy in an active‐sludge system that an enzyme preparation increases the energy levels of the system.

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