scholarly journals Berry primary and secondary metabolites in response to sunlight and temperature in the grapevine fruit zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Deloire ◽  
Suzy Rogiers ◽  
Guillaume Antalick ◽  
Anne Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Berry Composition

The chemical composition of berries at harvest, which will affect wine styles, is determined by complex physiological processes occurring from set through the fruit’s lifetime to maturity, and this is closely intertwined with environmental and crop management factors. Among those factors, climatic conditions within the fruit zone (i.e. microclimate), such as light and temperature, are well-known to affect the physiology of the fruit at the skin, pulp and seed levels. This article will present the potential of leaf thinning in the bunch zone to modify cluster microclimate and berry composition.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Juan I. Burneo ◽  
Ángel Benítez ◽  
James Calva ◽  
Pablo Velastegui ◽  
Vladimir Morocho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

scholarly journals Effect and interaction of crop management factors and crop year on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Karamchand Bramdeo ◽  
Tamás Rátonyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Factors

The aim of this study was to determine the combination of treatment levels of crop management factors which can optimize and sustain maize yield under varying climatic conditions. The effect of winter wheat forecrop, three tillage systems (Mouldboard-MT, Strip-ST, Ripper-RT), two planting densities (60,000 & 80,000 plants ha-1), three fertilizer levels (N0-control, N80, N160 kg ha-1) with four replications in irrigated and non-irrigated treatments were evaluated over a five year period, 2015–2019. The obtained results revealed that growing season rainfall positively correlated with yield, whereas, temperature negatively correlated with yield. Impact of adverse weather on yield was less severe in biculture, irrigated plots, at lower planting density (60,000), lower fertilizer rate (N80) and in RT and ST, compared to MT. In years with favorable rainfall, yields of MT and RT were significantly (P<0.05) higher than ST. However, in a less favorable year, such as 2015, with 299 mm growing season rainfall and the lowest July rainfall (59% below mean) there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in yield among the three tillage treatments. Higher planting density (80,000), and fertilization rate (N160) in tandem with MT are treatments combination conducive for high yield under favorable climatic conditions, whereas, in years with low rainfall and high temperatures, RT and ST offer alternative to MT for optimum yield with 60,000 plants ha-1 and N80 treatment level. Crop year effect accounted for 20.7% of yield variance, fertilization 35.8%, forecrop 12.8%, plant density 3.4%, tillage 1.2% and irrigation <1%. It is conclusive that with proper selection of the appropriate levels of agrotechnological inputs the adverse effect of weather on yield can be mitigated.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Seasonality of Aromatic Mediterranean Plant Species by NMR-Based Metabolomics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Scognamiglio ◽  
Brigida D’Abrosca ◽  
Assunta Esposito ◽  
Antonio Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
Metabolomic Approach ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Derivatives

An NMR-based metabolomic approach has been applied to analyse seven aromatic Mediterranean plant species used in traditional cuisine. Based on the ethnobotanical use of these plants, the approach has been employed in order to study the metabolic changes during different seasons. Primary and secondary metabolites have been detected and quantified. Flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives) and phenylpropanoid derivatives (e.g., chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid) are the main identified polyphenols. The richness in these metabolites could explain the biological properties ascribed to these plant species.

scholarly journals Current Trends on Seaweeds: Looking at Chemical Composition, Phytopharmacology, and Cosmetic Applications

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salehi ◽  
Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Seca ◽  
Pinto ◽  
Michalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bioactive Potential

Seaweeds have received huge interest in recent years given their promising potentialities. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypolipemic, and anticoagulant effects are among the most renowned and studied bioactivities so far, and these effects have been increasingly associated with their content and richness in both primary and secondary metabolites. Although primary metabolites have a pivotal importance such as their content in polysaccharides (fucoidans, agars, carragenans, ulvans, alginates, and laminarin), recent data have shown that the content in some secondary metabolites largely determines the effective bioactive potential of seaweeds. Among these secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds feature prominently. The present review provides the most remarkable insights into seaweed research, specifically addressing its chemical composition, phytopharmacology, and cosmetic applications.

scholarly journals Investigation of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ink from Sea Hare Dolabella auricularia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Janeth Cuevas TAYONE
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sea Hare ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Dolabella Auricularia ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of ink from sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) of Pujada Bay, City of Mati, Davao Oriental. The proximate and mineral composition were determined by using the standard official methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).  The presence of secondary metabolites was investigated by using different qualitative tests, namely Froth test (saponins), Libermann-Buchard (sterols), Bate-Smith and Metacalf (flavonoids), Dragendorff and Maeyer (alkaloids), Keller-kiliani (glycoside), ferric chloride (tannins) and Bortnträger (anthraquinones). Its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by using agar well diffusion method. The results for proximate analyses showed that ink contained 90.4 % moisture, 2.044 % ash, 5.324 % crude fat and 0.75 % protein. The mineral analyses were 0.25 % phosphorous, 578 µg/g potassium, 0.662 % sodium, 310.8 µg/g calcium, 664 µg/g magnesium, 2.146 µg/g iron and 1.898 µg/g zinc. Secondary metabolites screening revealed that ink contained saponins, steroids and flavonoids. Further, the ink extract showed weak antibacterial factor.  This is the first study conducted on the ink of sea hare in Davao region and its preliminary results showed that it is a good source of primary and secondary metabolites. These findings can be added to the potential medicinal value of sea hare and a basis for further chemical studies that will hopefully lead to the discovery of compounds with pharmacological importance.

scholarly journals Metabolomics and Molecular Approaches Reveal Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9108
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Manish Kumar Patel ◽  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Atal Bihari Bajpai ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Genes

Metabolic regulation is the key mechanism implicated in plants maintaining cell osmotic potential under drought stress. Understanding drought stress tolerance in plants will have a significant impact on food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Plant primary and secondary metabolites and metabolic genes are key factors in drought tolerance through their involvement in diverse metabolic pathways. Physio-biochemical and molecular strategies involved in plant tolerance mechanisms could be exploited to increase plant survival under drought stress. This review summarizes the most updated findings on primary and secondary metabolites involved in drought stress. We also examine the application of useful metabolic genes and their molecular responses to drought tolerance in plants and discuss possible strategies to help plants to counteract unfavorable drought periods.

Behavior of Some Varieties in the Kernel Group to the Attack of the Main Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sînziana Venera Morărița
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Special Quality

Abstract Although relatively recent, peach culture has grown great in our country due to the special quality of the fruit, its very complex chemical composition and the large production that can be obtained without much effort. Peach is a species slightly adapted to our climatic conditions, suffers from winter frost, but can provide productive and long productions of 10-15 years.

Comparison Among Five Eucalyptus Species Based on Their Leaf Contents of Some Primary and Secondary Metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 573-587
Author(s):  
Alyaa Nasr ◽  
Tehmina Saleem Khan ◽  
Shi-Ping Huang ◽  
Bin Wen ◽  
Jian-Wen Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

Background: Eucalyptus belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is the most planted hardwood forest crop worldwide, representing a global renewable resource of fiber, pharmaceuticals and energy. Objective: To compare the five species, E. maidenii, E. robusta, E. citriodora, E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis, seeking for the richest source of nutrients and pharmaceuticals. Methodology: Eucalyptus samples were subjected to some chemical determinations for both primary and secondary metabolites to verify their nutritional and pharmaceutical importance related to different extracts. GC-MS analysis was applied to detect the presence of some individual phenolic constituents in their leaves. Results: E. robusta recorded the maximum contents of carbohydrates (40.07%) and protein (31.91%). While E. camaldulensis contained the highest contents of total phenolic compounds (46.56 mg/g), tannins (40.01 mg/g) and antioxidant activities assayed by the phosphomolybednum method (57.60 mg/g), followed by E. citridora. However, E. tereticornis exhibited the highest reducing power ability (151.23 mg/g). The GC-MS highlighted 20 phenolic constituents and antioxidants which varied in their abundance in Eucalyptus leaves, 8 individual phenolics (hydroquinone, hesperitin, pyrogallol, resorcinol, protocatechuic acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid and catechin) were maximally recorded with E. camaldulensis and secondly, with E. citridora in case of at least 5 components. Nevertheless, gallic and quinic acids were more abundant in the leaves of E. tereticornis, which may explain its high corresponding reducing powers. Conclusion: Acetone-water combination has enhanced phenolics extraction from Eucalyptus tissues. This is the first report aiming to compare between the aforementioned Eucalyptus species highlighting either their nutritional or medicinal importance.

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