scholarly journals Combining ecophysiological models and genetic analysis: a promising way to dissect complex adaptive traits in grapevine

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Philippe Vivin ◽  
Éric Lebon ◽  
ZhanWu Dai ◽  
Eric Duchêne ◽  
Elisa Marguerit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Research Consortium

<p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;">Designing genotypes with acceptable performance under warmer or drier environments is essential for sustainable crop production in view of climate change. However, this objective is not trivial for grapevine since traits targeted for genetic improvement are complex and result from many interactions and trade-off between various physiological and molecular processes that are controlled by many environmental conditions. Integrative tools can help to understand and unravel these Genotype × Environment interactions. Indeed, models integrating physiological processes and their genetic control have been shown to provide a relevant framework for analyzing genetic diversity of complex traits and enhancing progress in plant breeding for various environments. Here we provide an overview of the work conducted by the French LACCAVE research consortium on this topic. Modeling abiotic stress tolerance and fruit quality in grapevine is a challenging issue, but it will provide the first step to design and test <em>in silico</em> plants better adapted to future issues of viticulture.</p>

scholarly journals Combining ecophysiological models and genetic analysis: a promising way to dissect complex adaptive traits in grapevine

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Vivin ◽  
Éric Lebon ◽  
ZhanWu Dai ◽  
Eric Duchêne ◽  
Elisa Marguerit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Research Consortium

Designing genotypes with acceptable performance under warmer or drier environments is essential for sustainable crop production in view of climate change. However, this objective is not trivial for grapevine since traits targeted for genetic improvement are complex and result from many interactions and trade-off between various physiological and molecular processes that are controlled by many environmental conditions. Integrative tools can help to understand and unravel these Genotype × Environment interactions. Indeed, models integrating physiological processes and their genetic control have been shown to provide a relevant framework for analyzing genetic diversity of complex traits and enhancing progress in plant breeding for various environments. Here we provide an overview of the work conducted by the French LACCAVE research consortium on this topic. Modeling abiotic stress tolerance and fruit quality in grapevine is a challenging issue, but it will provide the first step to design and test in silico plants better adapted to future issues of viticulture.

scholarly journals Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Anyi Dong ◽  
Huijun Duan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Processes

Sulphur plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, with its functions ranging from being a structural constituent of macro-biomolecules to modulating several physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In spite of these numerous sulphur roles being well acknowledged, agriculture has paid scant regard for sulphur nutrition, until only recently. Serious problems related to soil sulphur deficiencies have emerged and the intensification of food, fiber, and animal production is escalating to feed the ever-increasing human population. In the wake of huge demand for high quality cereal and vegetable diets, sulphur can play a key role in augmenting the production, productivity, and quality of crops. Additionally, in light of the emerging problems of soil fertility exhaustion and climate change-exacerbated environmental stresses, sulphur assumes special importance in crop production, particularly under intensively cropped areas. Here, citing several relevant examples, we highlight, in addition to its plant biological and metabolism functions, how sulphur can significantly enhance crop productivity and quality, as well as acclimation to abiotic stresses. By this appraisal, we also aim to stimulate readers interests in crop sulphur research by providing priorities for future pursuance, including bettering our understanding of the molecular processes and dynamics of sulphur availability and utilization in plants, dissecting the role of soil rhizospherical microbes in plant sulphur transformations, enhancing plant phenotyping and diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies, and matching site-specific crop sulphur demands with fertilizer amendments in order to reduce nutrient use inefficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems. This will facilitate the proper utilization of sulphur in crop production and eventually enhance sustainable and environmentally friend food production.

scholarly journals Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Adaptive Traits in Coastal Douglas Fir. III. Quantitative Trait Loci-by-Environment Interactions

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 1489-1506
Author(s):  
Kathleen D Jermstad ◽  
Daniel L Bassoni ◽  
Keith S Jech ◽  
Gary A Ritchie ◽  
Nicholas C Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Growth Cessation ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Growth Initiation

Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped in the woody perennial Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) for complex traits controlling the timing of growth initiation and growth cessation. QTL were estimated under controlled environmental conditions to identify QTL interactions with photoperiod, moisture stress, winter chilling, and spring temperatures. A three-generation mapping population of 460 cloned progeny was used for genetic mapping and phenotypic evaluations. An all-marker interval mapping method was used for scanning the genome for the presence of QTL and single-factor ANOVA was used for estimating QTL-by-environment interactions. A modest number of QTL were detected per trait, with individual QTL explaining up to 9.5% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTL-by-treatment interactions were found for growth initiation, whereas several QTL-by-treatment interactions were detected among growth cessation traits. This is the first report of QTL interactions with specific environmental signals in forest trees and will assist in the identification of candidate genes controlling these important adaptive traits in perennial plants.

scholarly journals Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Javaria Tabassum ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Babar Hussain ◽  
Amos Musyoki Mawia ◽  
Aqib Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Food crop production and quality are two major attributes that ensure food security. Rice is one of the major sources of food that feeds half of the world’s population. Therefore, to feed about 10 billion people by 2050, there is a need to develop high-yielding grain quality of rice varieties, with greater pace. Although conventional and mutation breeding techniques have played a significant role in the development of desired varieties in the past, due to certain limitations, these techniques cannot fulfill the high demands for food in the present era. However, rice production and grain quality can be improved by employing new breeding techniques, such as genome editing tools (GETs), with high efficiency. These tools, including clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems, have revolutionized rice breeding. The protocol of CRISPR/Cas9 systems technology, and its variants, are the most reliable and efficient, and have been established in rice crops. New GETs, such as CRISPR/Cas12, and base editors, have also been applied to rice to improve it. Recombinases and prime editing tools have the potential to make edits more precisely and efficiently. Briefly, in this review, we discuss advancements made in CRISPR systems, base and prime editors, and their applications, to improve rice grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, grain quality, disease and herbicide resistance, in addition to the regulatory aspects and risks associated with genetically modified rice plants. We also focus on the limitations and future prospects of GETs to improve rice grain quality.

scholarly journals Improvement of the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) through foliar application of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kocira ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Reported Study

Application of biostimulants instigates many physiological processes that enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality traits of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. One of such preparations is Atonik which contains nitrophenol compounds naturally occurring in plant cells. Several studies have confirmed its beneficial effect on the growth, development, and improved metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, it seems advisable to investigate the effect of Atonik preparation on the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The reported study was carried out in 2014 in Perespa, Poland. Over the growing season, Atonik was foliar-applied at a dose of 0.3 L/ha (0.1%) and 0.6 L/ha (0.2%) by single and double spraying of plants. Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status (N) were estimated by a Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502 Plus. The foliar application of Atonik was found to improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica plants, but the results were dependent on biostimulant concentration and number of its applications, and on the date of measurement. To conclude, Atonik is an environmental-friendly preparation which has a positive impact on the metabolic processes of plants.

scholarly journals Potassium: A Vital Regulator of Plant Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. Bhuyan ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Md. Hossain ◽  
Jubayer Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Physiological Processes

Among the plant nutrients, potassium (K) is one of the vital elements required for plant growth and physiology. Potassium is not only a constituent of the plant structure but it also has a regulatory function in several biochemical processes related to protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and enzyme activation. Several physiological processes depend on K, such as stomatal regulation and photosynthesis. In recent decades, K was found to provide abiotic stress tolerance. Under salt stress, K helps to maintain ion homeostasis and to regulate the osmotic balance. Under drought stress conditions, K regulates stomatal opening and helps plants adapt to water deficits. Many reports support the notion that K enhances antioxidant defense in plants and therefore protects them from oxidative stress under various environmental adversities. In addition, this element provides some cellular signaling alone or in association with other signaling molecules and phytohormones. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding K-induced abiotic stress tolerance in plants, the exact molecular mechanisms of these protections are still under investigation. In this review, we summarized the recent literature on the biological functions of K, its uptake, its translocation, and its role in plant abiotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Genetic improvement for root growth angle to enhance crop production

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Uga ◽  
Yuka Kitomi ◽  
Satoru Ishikawa ◽  
Masahiro Yano
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle

Field- and laboratory-based methods of screening salt tolerant genotypes in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Amber Gupta ◽  
Birendra Prasad Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Concentration Estimation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that lead to loss of billions of dollars in crop production worldwide. The growth of rice plant is severely affected and subsequently the yield is generally low in salt affected areas. Salinity affects rice primarily at the early vegetative stage by interfering with biochemical and physiological processes governing its growth and development. This review aims at summarising various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular-based methods that are currently used in screening salt-tolerant rice genotypes at different growth stages with particular emphasis on screening of breeding lines, and also the effectiveness of these methods. Field and laboratory-based methods are described including visual screening of salt-induced injuries as per the IRRI’s standard evaluation system, salt-induced accumulation of ions, changes in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant, and image-based visual quantification of injuries, and molecular markers-based screening, which are lengthy and cumbersome. Among these methods currently available, this review highlights IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) estimation of shoot growth inhibition as a rapid and accurate method that can differentiate genotypes with the IC50 difference of only a few mm NaCl for the initial screening of a large number of rice germplasm and breeding lines.

scholarly journals Genetic improvement of rice for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood-ur ANSARI ◽  
Tayyaba SHAHEEN ◽  
Shazia Anwer BUKHARI ◽  
Tayyab HUSNAIN
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress
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