scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL LAW STUDIES OF KYOTO PROTOCOL 1997 ABOUT GLOBAL WARNING

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noer Indriyati
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Global Warning ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Global warming or Global Warming that occurs is not currently an issue which can be resolved quickly. Need awareness together to solve this problem, because the impact is felt all over the world. Developed countries must be responsible in emission reduction as a form of spirit of shared responsibility and vary, although developing countries will also do the same. This research used the juridical normative approach, with secondary data composed of materials of primary legal materials either law, secondary law materials and materials law tertier as a source of law. Legal political activity is to specify an option regarding objectives and how to be used to achieve the objectives of the law in the community. With regard to the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, the ways of achievement of that goal was left to each country, so that it can be set up in accordance with the conditions of the country concerned. The States parties have not yet fully accept the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 so that the target of emission decline/QELROs listed in article 3 has not been fully achieved. Key Word: global warming, legally binding, law politics international

scholarly journals Community Adaptation Model of Food Security Due to Global Warming in Kulon Progo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rum Giyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) average temperature of the Earth’s surface was global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the 0.74 ± 0.18 0C (1.33 ± 0.32 F) over the last hundred years. The impact of rising temperatures is the climate change effect on agricultural production. If the community does not craft made adaptation to global warming will have an impact on food security. This research aims to know the society’s adaptation to food security as a result of global warming and to know the influence of global warming on food security. The research was carried out based on survey methods. The influence of global warming on food security is identified with a share of household food expenditure and the identification of rainfall. Sampling was done by random sampling. The Data used are the primary and secondary data. Primary Data obtained through structured interviews and depth interview using a questionnaire while the secondary data retrieved from publication data of the Central Bureau Statistics B(BPS), Department of Agriculture and Climatology Meteorology and Geophysics (BMKG). The expected results of the study is to know variations of food security due to global warming in Kulon Progo Regency. Comprehensive knowledge through community participation and related Government increased food security that is used as the basis for drafting the model society’s adaptation to the impacts of global warming.

scholarly journals Migration and Its Impact on Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Muslih Faozanudin ◽  
Shainima Islam
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
The Impact

People’s mobility and international migration are quite interesting phenomena to discuss. Until now, there are still differences in views between industrialized countries and developing countries regarding the contribution of migration to development for both sending and receiving countries. This paper aims to analyze based on existing secondary data the linkage between migration and sustainable development. For analysis, this study uses a descriptive approach, with secondary data as the primary source. The analysis found that both sending and receiving countries - benefited from population mobility and international migration. The least developed countries in the economy and overall infrastructure are supplying countries for this migration process, and increasing remittances and skilled workers to help other countries. Although it is realized that this condition is the impact of the weak economic system of developing countries on the one hand and the demographic that occur in advanced industrialized countries on the other. To maintain the stability of the supply chain for economic development, international migration is included as one of the sustainable development programs that apply more humane values. Therefore, migrants should be seen as potential contributors to the growth of sending and receiving countries, and some even claim that they are heroes of foreign exchange. Keywords:  migration, remmitance, sustainable development Mobilitas masyarakat dan migrasi internasional merupakan fenomena yang cukup menarik untuk dibahas. sampai saat ini masih terdapat perbedaan pandangan antara negara industri dan negara berkembang, tentang  kontribusi migrasi terhadap  pembangunan, baik  bagi negara yang asal migrant maupun bagi negara penerima. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berdasarkan data sekunder yang ada mengenai keterkaitan antara migrasi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Untuk analisis, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber primer. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa kedua negara-negara pengirim dan penerima - mendapat manfaat dari mobilitas penduduk dan migrasi internasional. Negara-negara kurang berkembang dalam ekonomi dan infrastruktur secara keseluruhan menjadi negara pemasok untuk proses migrasi ini, dan meningkatkan pengiriman uang dan pekerja terampil untuk membantu negara lain. Meskipun disadari bahwa kondisi ini merupakan dampak dari lemahnya sistem perekonomian negara berkembang di satu sisi dan faktor demografi dan kesuburan yang terjadi di negara industri maju di sisi lain. Untuk menjaga stabilitas rantai pasokan pembangunan ekonomi, migrasi internasional dimasukkan sebagai salah satu program pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menerapkan nilai-nilai yang lebih manusiawi. Oleh karena itu, para migran harus dilihat sebagai kontributor potensial bagi pertumbuhan negara pengirim dan penerima,  bahkan ada yang mengklaim bahwa mereka adalah sebagai pahlawan devisa. Kata kunci:  migrasi, pembangunan berkelanjutan, remiten

scholarly journals Effects of Kyoto Protocol on CO2 Emissions: A Five-Country Rolling Regression Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Chien-Ho Wang ◽  
Ming-Hui Ko ◽  
Wan-Jiun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Rolling Regression ◽  
The Impact

The current study illustrated the time variance of turning points in the relationship between carbon emissions and income to resolve heated debate on the different responsibility to climate change with 1950–2010 data of five development diversity countries—three developed countries (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and one developing country (India) and one newly industrialized economy (Taiwan). The article also examines the impact of the crisis on emission. The time-varying patterns in the turning points on environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs) were observed by a rolling regression technique with 1950–2010 data regarding the per capita CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion and the incomes of the countries. Several empirical findings were revealed from this analysis. Per capita CO2 emissions commonly decreased with varying magnitudes in the five countries over time. The EKC hypothesis regarding the CO2 emissions is affirmed again in this study. The announcement effects associated with the Kyoto Protocol was evidenced. As indicated by the occurring GDP of the turning point, there is a strong reduction trend in the income level of the turning points right before the years of Kyoto Protocol; and this decreasing trend nearly ended as the Kyoto protocol approached its end, except in Germany, where the occurring income of the turning points continued to have a decreasing trend. Although the global financial crisis had its effects in the world, the impacts on carbon dioxide emissions vary across countries.

Anti-corruption Policy as a Factor of Influence on Protest Potential and Stability in Modern Society

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
V. A. Egorov ◽  
V. P. Miletskiy
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The problem of corruption has acquired a particular importance in light of ubiquitous corruption scandals, entangling both developing and developed countries. Currently, a number of often contradicting hypotheses has been posed on the ways corrupt practices impact protest potential of a society and stability of a political system, as well as on the role of anti-corruption policy in the alleviation of such impact. This article aims to survey and compare different researches analyzing the impact of corruption and anti-corruption policies on different aspects of modern Russian society; in particular, their impact on protest potential and political stability. The author’s hypothesis lies within the assumption that The System anti-corruption policy, which is a prioritized instrument for political and administrative activities of state and municipal authorities in the prevention of corrupt practices, significantly reduces the extent of protest potential and facilitates political stability in a society.Methodology and sources. Methodological basis of this article is a multiparadigm approach to studying the phenomenon of corruption. As part of this research, a raft of empirical research conducted by domestic and foreign authors has been analyzed (E. M. Uslaner, P. Heywood, J. Rose et al.). Authors also use the results of an internet survey conducted with 580 participants (predominantly students of Russian universities) in 2020. The respondents were self-selected, convenience sampling. Manifold research and sociological surveys demonstrate the difficulty of generalizing the results.Results and discussion. Substantial amount of empirical data reflects an adverse effect of corrupt practices on the livelihood of a modern society. These practices entail the decrease in GDP growth rates, avert domestic and foreign investments, amplify social and economic inequality, decrease tax revenue and lead to social welfare underfunding. It ultimately results in the lack of public trust towards state institutions as well as the decrease of generalized trust. Even though there is a positive correlation between endemic corruption and political volatility, the results of other research cast doubt on the extent to which corruption may influence economic development and political stability.Conclusion. In general, the conducted research has allowed for the inference that the prevalence of corrupt practices may either amplify social instability and increase the protest potential or it may have no influence at all on political activity of a society and stability of political regime. At the same time, the implementation of anti-corruption policies by the authorities significantly reduces the level of protest potential and fosters political stability.

scholarly journals Term Paper on The Nature of Cyber Crime and Cyber Threats: A Criminological Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashraful Mozid ◽  
Nelufer Yesmen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Cybercrime is one of the fastest-growing criminal activities in contemporary age. The first recorded cybercrime happened in France in the year 1820. It was not as sophisticated as cybercrime we know in our world today, but, still, that was a crime. Cybercrime has evolved globally as the online platform is progressing. While progress is made in the battle against cybercrime there still remains a wide gap in the consistency of laws across international borders. The main objectives of this study are to explore the nature of cybercrime in developing countries, find out the cyber threats for terrorist activities and explain cybercrime and threats from criminological aspects. This is a descriptive study which is based on secondary data. This study is based on previous researches & studies. this paper discusses the nature of cybercrime in developing countries. It could allow developed countries to understand better the national and international effects of that cyber threats, to determine the conditions of current regional and international agreements, and to help countries create a sound legal framework. And then we notice the impact of cyber threats all over the world. At last, we discuss cybercrime from criminological point of view. Cybercrime is not limited to two neighboring countries and cross-border conflicts; an attempt could be conducted from another world. It is fearful to see cyber wars as the easiest way to carry out sabotaging rather than wars such as cold war, chemical and biological wars, terrorist wars or jihadist attacks. The international legal framework aims by the International Criminal Court to keep offenders accountable for their actions. The government has by far the biggest burden and obstacle in raising knowledge of cybercrime among the people.

scholarly journals Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of the Relationship between Poverty Phenomenon and Disparities in the Distribution of Income Iraq a Standard Study for the Period (2003-2016)

2018 ◽  
pp. 425-433
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The purpose of the paper is to explore measure and analyze the impact of unequal distribution of income and its impact of poverty in Iraq. Poverty is a multidimensional concept and it has various antecedents and consequences. The importance of poverty as a social issue is undoubted and it is among the millennium development goals of United Nations too to eradicate poverty from the world. Present study is focused on the determination of possible link between inequality in distribution of income in Iraq and its possible aftermaths on the phenomenon of poverty. Detailed review of the literature has been performed in order to establish the conceptual foundation of poverty and Disparities in the Distribution of Income in Iraq, which is supported by secondary data. The findings of the present study can be used for the government officials, policy makers and organizations working for socioeconomic development through poverty reduction in Iraq, moreover, the study also presented a model for less developed countries like Iraq to make the findings of this study as benchmark. The paper is concluded not before some of the suggestions and policy guidelines are proposed to reduce the gap caused by disparities in the distribution of Income in Iraq.

scholarly journals OIL AND GOLD PRICE VOLATILITY ON INDONESIAN STOCK MARKET IN THE PERIOD OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Marwanti ◽  
Robiyanto Robiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gold Price ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to analyze the effects of oil and gold price volatility on stock returns in Indonesia by comparing the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study took secondary data from the daily closing prices of oil (Brent and WTI), gold, and JCI. The analysis technique used was GARCH (1,1). The study found that oil and gold price volatility did not affect stock returns in the two periods. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on financial markets had yielded uncertain results. This finding supported the concept of gold as a safe haven during the financial crisis. The limitations in the study were focusing on the Indonesian capital market, and future research can compare the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on developing countries with developed countries.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Human Rights and the Problem of Motivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bourban
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normative Perspective

In this paper, I discuss some of the human rights that are threatened by the impact of global warming and the problem of motivation to comply with the duties of climate justice. I explain in what sense human rights can be violated by climate change and try to show that there are not only moral reasons to address this problem, but also more prudential motives, which I refer to as quasi-moral and non-moral reasons. I also assess some implications of potentially catastrophic impacts driven by this ecological issue. My aim is to locate, by outlining a normative perspective based on sound empirical findings, urgent climate injustices, and explain why well-off citizens in developed countries have strong reasons to avert the potentially massive violation of the rights of present and future victims of climate change.

scholarly journals Study on Level of Knowledge on Climate Change Among the People Residing in a Selected Area of Dhaka City

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sarder Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Md. Alif Sheikh ◽  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Supti Baroi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted at Badda, Dhaka to assess the level of knowledge on climate change of the people with a purposive sample size of 226. Nearly half of the respondents heard about the global warming but 43.24% didn't. A major portion of the respondents (62.39%) agreed to include the Climate Change in school curriculum. 39.38% respondents strongly agreed that the world climate is changing but it was due to human behavior which was strongly agreed by 16.81%. 17.26% strongly believed that developed countries are the main contributors. 15.49% of the respondents strongly agreed that developed countries should provide compensation to the affected developing countries. Neither agreed nor disagreed that the Climate Change had impact on economy was 38.06% but 40.27% respondents strongly agreed that Climate has impact on human health. 36.73% respondents strongly agreed that Climate Change has impact on food production and 34.07% strongly agreed that it has impact on soil condition and fertility. 49.56% respondents strongly agreed for the need to take measure to reduce or prevent Climatic Change and 43.23% strongly agreed on awareness creation to cope with Climate Change. TV/RADIO was the most important source of information about global warming (82.75%). The association between educational level and knowledge on Climate Change was found to be significant. As the climate change has already put a devastating impact on survival on millions, effective action plan to be undertaken to control the impact on environment and create awareness about the adverse effects of it on the globe. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 4, No. 2: July 2013, Pages 5-9 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v4i2.16916

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL-IMPACT ON THE HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS-SLUDGE FROM THE CENTRALIZED INDUSTRIAL-WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Rijal Hakiki ◽  
Maryani Paramita Astuti ◽  
Temmy Wikaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Mass Balance Calculation ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

<strong>Aims: </strong>This study was aimed to compare the secured landfill method and thermally sludge treatment through gasification, to find out the environmental impacts that will result from both treatments. <strong>Methodology and results: </strong>The study was carried out using the “gate-to-gate LCA method”. In its implementation, limits and assumptions have been determined as an approach to the actual condition. Some of the data used include the experimental data, theoretical mass balance calculation and secondary data obtained from previous research. The study was carried out utilizing the open-source openLCA software. The four-phase in the LCA include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and data interpretation. The simulation shows that the implementation of the thermal gasification process can reduce the emission released to the atmosphere by reducing hazardous sludge volume to be transported directly to the secured landfill. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study: </strong>Referring to the simulation results using openLCA software, with several assumptions and adjustments made, in the scope of the study that has been determined. It can be concluded that the thermal (gasification) treatment of hazardous sludge can be studied further in connection with its implementation at the treatment plant. It is indicated by the acquisition of global warming potential impact category of 673 kg CO2 eq (for direct disposal to secured landfill) reduced around 424 kg CO2 eq (for the implementation of thermal treatment). Or in other words, there is a reduction in the magnitude of the impact to around 37%.

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