scholarly journals Theoretical background the control technology of flour confectionery products and their practical implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
T. V. Gerasimov ◽  
M. A. Taleisnik ◽  
N. A. Shcherbakova ◽  
I. M. Svyatoslavova
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Confectionery Products

The development of technologies of flour confectionery products, carried out by the all-Russian research Institute of the confectionery industry, is in the field of knowledge of industrial engineering, which are tools for creating innovative technologies. Innovation, confectionery companies carried out by combining equipment, control, measuring and information systems, by eliminating technical contradictions between the operation and control of technological flow. Theoretical prerequisites for the management of technologies of flour confectionery products were the provisions of the system approach and physico-chemical mechanics. Thus, by determining the criteria and regulation of the rheological properties of confectionery masses provides stabilization of the process and it becomes possible to control the intermediate stages and the flow of technology as a whole for different types of products that have a common principle of the structure of the process. For the purpose of practical realization of theoretical prerequisites of technology management the Institute has developed a complex of technological methods. Obtaining of two-phase systems for each type of raw material provides the possibility of adapting the technology to the use of raw materials with a significant range of quality characteristics. Increasing the amount of "free" water provides a test with a given humidity. The flow of components for kneading dough ensures an increase in the uniformity of the distribution of components. Control of the degree of dissolution of sugar provides products with specified structural and mechanical parameters. The use of a new type of energy supply provides an increase in the number of solid phase particles in the emulsion more than 75 times and intensification of the process. Methods of obtaining semi-finished products on the basis of fruits and vegetables provides the possibility of obtaining semi-finished products from fresh fruits and vegetables according to the technologies developed by the Institute. Also in practical implementation it is necessary to use developments of Institute in which the basic principles of creation of innovative technologies of flour confectionery with the set structure and properties are lit.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

scholarly journals Determination of pesticide residues by chromatographic methods for food safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Tereshchenko ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Kursenko ◽  
O. I. Khyzhan ◽  
O. I. Khyzhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Selective Solvents

The paper presents the methodology of preparation of samples of oilseeds, lettuce, apples for research by chromatographic control of xenobiotics of the following chemical groups of pesticides: benzimidazole derivatives, anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives. The implementation of the following processes is considered: homogenization of the sample, purification of the extract by solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction, obtaining a plant extract, obtaining an extract of analytes. For fine-grained homogenized samples of sunflower seeds, the optimal ratio of raw material -extragent is 1:20, for pasty homogenized samples of apple fruit - 1:10, for liquid samples of homogenized lettuce - 1: 5. Analysis of the distribution of xenobiotics in the system octane/water, the dipole moment of solvents allowed to determine the extractants that are able to dissolve and remove xenobiotics from raw materials. It was found that a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (4: 1) should be used to remove benzimidazole derivatives and anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives are best extracted with methanolic trifluoroacetic acid (9.5: 0.5). Quantitative analysis of xenobiotics content in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched with xenobiotics was performed. The most complete xenobiotics were removed from samples of plant products containing traces of fat. The most difficult process of sample preparation is the process of obtaining sunflower seed extract. The content of xenobiotics in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched in analytes is influenced by the temperature at which the process takes place and the duration of extraction. Based on the chemical composition of the sample matrix and the list of analytes, the conditions of the variable component of the methodology are proposed: obtaining plant extract under the action of selective solvents, homogenized raw material-solvent with constant stirring of the extraction system at 180-200 rpm, or under the action of ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 37 kHz from 4°C to 25°C for 5-25 minutes. The control of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the studied plant extracts and analyte extracts was investigated by the methods of high-performance liquid and gas chromatography (liquid and gas) with mass-selective detectors.

TECHNOLOGY OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSING WITH PLEUROTUS STRAINS FOR FEED PRODUCTS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Veronika Valentinovna Tarnopol’skaya ◽  
Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova ◽  
Natal'ya Yur'yevna Demidenko ◽  
Oksana Nikolayevna Eryomenko
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Seed Stock ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pure Cultures

A technology for pilot production of feed products via microbiological conversion of plant raw materials (mixed substrate of pine sawdust and vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke) by Plerotus ostreatus PO-4.1 and Pleurotus djamor PD-3.2 strains is developed. The technology includes hydrodynamic activation of substrate at the seed stock production stage. The overall technology includes three key stages: submerged fermentation of pure cultures of production strains; submerged-solid phase fermentation of hydrodynamicly activated plant raw materials for seed stock production; solid-state fermentation of mechanically ground plant substrate for feed products production. A successful approbation of submerged-solid state fermentation of production strains on media containing 3% of hydrodynamicly activated raw materials allowed for obtaining seed stock with 14.5 g/l yield of submerged mycelium biomass fully adopted for this type of substrate. Further use of this seed stock biomass at the solid state fermentation stage makes the overall process duration three times shorter compared to existing technologies for direct wood waste bioconversion. The pilot plant results show valuable practicability of plant raw material hydrodynamic activation with the purpose of enhancing its bioaccessibility with consequent increase in degree of microbiological conversion. The product of bioconversion contains 14–16% of protein, biofiber, vitamins and minerals and could be considered for successful use as feed by agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals Microscopic studies new sponge semi-finished cake

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (90) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
M. I. Fil ◽  
T. O. Koropetska
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sponge Cake ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Thin Crust ◽  
Pumpkin Powder

The widespread introduction of non-traditional and local types of raw materials and the development of new types of products on their basis should be combined with the scientific substantiation of the composition and technology, which ensures the production of high-quality products, strengthening the control of biological and nutritional value, and the safety of new types of confectionery. One of the most important tasks faced by the confectionery industry is the development of new products in order to improve the structure of the range, save on scarce raw materials, reduce sugar content; creation of dietetic products, with a long shelf life. The use of raw materials of local and non-traditional species can contribute to solving this problem. The main source of vitamins, easily digestible carbohydrates, enzymes, fiber, pectin and minerals is fresh fruits and vegetables. Flour confectionery products, due to the high content of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, are high-calorie, well-digestible products with a pleasant taste and attractive appearance. Out of all the flour semi-finished products, the sponge cake is the bloated and softer. A well-baked cake is handy for processing; it has a smooth, thin crust; porous, elastic structure of the pulp – during compression is easily compressed, after removal of effort restores the old form. In the production of many foods, supplements that regulate the consistency and form the texture of food products are used. The structure of the sponge cake product is formed, mainly, at the stage of paste formation. The sponge cake is a poorly structured system with saturated air. The quality of the semi-finished product, above all, will depend on the quality of the resulting dough, which is substantially affected by the raw material. We have developed a recipe for a sponge dough, semi-finished product containing a pumpkin powder containing a significant amount of pectins, fiber, etc. In the structure of a sponge semi-finished product with pumpkin powder, thanks to the contents of polycarcids, which are merged with proteins bridges are formed. Osmotic swelling occurs as a result of the diffusion of water molecules inside the protein molecule, causing swelling of proteins. Microscopy of the structure of the biscuit semi-finished product was investigated in Slovakia (SPU).

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES OF THE USE OF PLANT RAW MATERIAL EXTRACTS FOR STORAGE OF TOMATOES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dubinina ◽  
T. Letuta ◽  
T. Frolova ◽  
H. Seliutina ◽  
O. Hapontseva
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
High Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Film Forming

The paper presents the overview data of the diseases and major classes of microorganisms which cause tomato damage after harvesting. Generally accepted effective ways of storage of fruit and vegetable products are considered. These are cold storage and storage in the altered gas environment – regulated and modified (RGE and MGE). It is shown that technologies of storage of fruit and vegetable products with the use of film-forming substances are widely used abroad, and recently they have also been developed in Ukraine. In recent years, prior to the storage, fruits and vegetables have been processed with preparations which have protective properties, and also with antioxidants. Antioxidant compositions on the base of aqueous solutions of santochin, aminophenol, ionol, sorbic and benzoic acids are introduced in the field of fruit and vegetable products storage. There are no studies about the choice of film-forming compositions and antioxidant preparations which take into account the effect of specific microflora of individual fruits and vegetables, as well as the features of their chemical composition and physiological structure. Bacteria and fungi are the two main classes of microorganisms which cause tomatoes damage after harvesting. All diseases have certain manifestations, by which they are identified, and the characteristics of each disease agent, peculiarities of how it spreads and affects fruits are also very specific. Literature analysis has shown that the composition of extracts of ginger, orange peel and garlic bulbs can be an effective universal protection preparation during storage, which covers the whole spectrum of typical tomato diseases. Since the high water-solubility and safety are important characteristics of substances that have direct contact with food products, it is recommended to use aqueous and hydroglyceric alcoholic extracts of plant raw materials when developing the technology of preparation. Further microbiological and toxicological studies of the test samples are needed for determining of working concentrations of extracts and selection of an effective composition.

scholarly journals Method for the Production of Fat from Raw Materials and Animal Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Maratbekovich Iskakov ◽  
Assel Maratbekovna Iskakova ◽  
Murat Zhusypbekovich Nurushev ◽  
Altyngul Kumashevna Khaimuldinova ◽  
Nurlan Kazhkenovich Karbayev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase

The aim of this article was to study degreasing of raw materials raw fish bone waste and animal waste. A new method was developed, aimed at intensive extraction of fat with an additional absorber- de-limonene, placed in water during high-temperature cooking of raw materials of animal origin. De-limonene is a widespread terpene hydrocarbon, and a primary component of orange peel oil (constitutes up to 80–90%). Degreasing with the inclusion of de-limonene increases the degree of hydrolysis of collagen from animal raw materials, which intensifies the extraction of fat from the processed raw materials. High-temperature cooking promotes the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids, which further break down into low molecular weight products. At the end of the heat the temperature of the heating plates is 70-90 ° C, the pressure inside the boiler is 1.6,-2.4 kPa, the duration is 60-100 minutes treatment of the raw material, a two-phase system was obtained: dry fat greaves and fat. Fat was sucked off by pumps connected to digesters, and greasy greaves were sent for degreasing by pressing. The method produced broth, fat, and feed.

scholarly journals Investigation of the process of extraction of a highly starchy fraction of rye flour by air classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-906
Author(s):  
N. R. Andreev ◽  
V. G. Goldstein ◽  
V. A. Kovalenok ◽  
L. P. Nosovskaya ◽  
L. V. Adikaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Classification ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Number Of Cycles

The article provides an overview of the current state of the application of solid-phase methods for separating the structure of grain and leguminous raw material into constituent components, as one of the most relevant areas of environmental protection and reducing the amount of wastewater from enterprises processing agricultural raw materials. The main direction of research on the production of protein concentrates from leguminous raw materials (peas, beans, chickpeas, lupine) by the method of air classification is noted. Among grain crops, rye stands out as having a more balanced amino acid composition compared to wheat and the largest starch grains up to 60 microns, which improves the aero-dynamic separation of grain flour into protein and starch fractions. Тherefore, rye flour was the object of research in this work. The research area included the development of a method for determining the starch content in the heavy fraction of rye flour from the yield of its light protein fraction and its starch content using an installation with variable parameters of a two-chamber disperser and a vortex classifier. The results of experiments on the separation of the mass of the initial rye flour into heavy starch and light protein fractions with a given ratio of starch and protein are theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. The dependences of the starch content in the heavy fraction on the number of cycles of its recycling are established. With variable parameters of grinding rye flour, determined by the speed of the working bodies of the dispersant from 70 to 100 m/s, the time of grinding and recirculation of the heavy fraction of 30 s and the tangential speed of the classifier rotor of 15 m/s, stable results were obtained for the separation of starch and protein. Тhe yield of the heavy fraction of 72 % with a starch content of 85 % and the yield of the light fraction of 28 % with a mass fraction of protein of at least 26 %.

Regulation of Rheological Properties of Three-Phase Dispersed Systems Used for the Production of Building Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Belov ◽  
Pavel V. Kuliaev
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dispersed Systems ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Capillary Coupling ◽  
Relationship Of

The paper considers the relationship of the rheological properties of three-phase dispersed systems with capillary coupling and, on this basis, substantiates the possibility of directional regulation of the rheological properties of raw materials for the production of building materials. It is shown that the rheological properties of two-phase dispersed systems are determined mainly by the action of intermolecular forces in the liquid-filled contact zones of solid phase particles, and in three-phase systems – by the action of capillary coupling forces.

Mechanochemical technology for obtaining an effective filler based on gaize for cement binders

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
E. A. Shoshin ◽  
◽  
V. V. Strokova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Composite Binder ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Calcium Silicates

The article presents a study to establish the possibility of obtaining polymodal silicate dispersions (SCD) based on common natural silicacontaining raw materials (gaize) and of using such dispersions as fillers and additives for cement compositions and assesses their effectiveness. Gaize, construction quicklime, and sucrose were used as modifying carbohydrates and silica-containing raw materials for the mechanochemical synthesis. The SCD technology includes the stages of raw material dosing, combination, and wet grinding in a ball mill, separation of the solid phase of the suspension by filtration (in drum or pressure filters) and its thermolysis in a thermolysis chamber, followed by short-term dry grinding of the thermolysis products in batch or continuous mills. The results are presented for the analysis of silicate-calcium dispersions with various ratios of the initial components. The efficiency of using SCD as a component in a composite binder or a finely dispersed mineral additive in cement-sand composites is demonstrated, which introduces mechanochemical synthesis of calcium silicates as a promising technology for processing gaize into effective fillers and additives for construction purposes. The study was carried out under the grant issued by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-19-00263).

Mathematical Model for the Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction of Carbonates Dissociation in the Process of Roasting in the Presence of Temperatures Gradients in Phosphate Raw Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 610-618
Author(s):  
V.I. Bobkov ◽  
M.I. Dli ◽  
A.S. Fedulov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Phase Surface

The paper deals with the investigation of the parameters for the structural and kinetic rate equation of the carbonates dissociation reaction, in accordance with the obtained results of the nonisothermic experiment, in the conditions of gradient temperature presence in the investigated samples. The most significant is the study of physicochemical transformations kinetic laws, which degree of completeness effects the quality of intermediate products directly, that is decarbonization and sintering. The main part of the process, when phosphorites are heated, takes place in a solid phase. The feature of topochemical reactions is their localization in the aria between a solid phase surface of the initial substance and the reaction products. This surface is formed and changed, as a result of chemical and power technological process for roasting, determining the dependence of the reaction rate on time. The method of thermal analytical experiments is used. The reverse kinetic problem is solved in the temperatures range of the chemical–technological process for roasting phosphate raw materials on conveyor indurating machines. The authors propose a method of approximate calculation for the parameters of kinetic equations which allows to reduce errors, caused by the heat exchange processes in a measuring cell, significantly. The obtained results and their accuracy are suitable for the practical application.

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