scholarly journals Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of the Chemicals with Human and Environmental Relevance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Floris ◽  
Federica Albanese ◽  
Ricardo Medda ◽  
Emilio Benfenati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Predictive Methods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
The Impact

Reducing the levels of toxic chemicals that cause adverse health and environmental impacts is a challenge for the international community. There is a need of a global strategy. Indeed, too often the problems associated to the exposure of chemical substances is recognized a posteriori, in the presence of consequences already observed. The prediction of the likely effects of chemical exposure on human health is based on classical tests with animals, which are time and money consuming, may deviate from an accurate prediction towards humans, and arises ethical concerns. Regulations are now considering the adoption of in silico (or computational) methods, which can be used for prioritizing substances according to the probability to be toxic for the biosphere. Several initiatives have prioritized chemicals, typically based according to some criteria, such as chemicals which may be endocrine disruptors, or persistent, bioaccumulative, or toxic (PBT). However, these initiatives focused on a certain range of adverse properties, and covered a certain number of substances only. We applied a set of largely validated and widely used predictive methods to large collections of chemicals: (i) to about 340,000 with a defined function, and (ii) to about 6 millions, which have been synthetized. The aim of this study is to quantify the putative impact of existing and future chemicals on towards human health, ecological and environment properties. The impact on the environment is the cause of major concern. This is the case of pesticides and hazardous, which is quite expected; however, also pharmacologically active candidate compounds of natural origin may have a high level of ecotoxicity. Pesticides and hazardous are also the categories of higher concern for humans, followed by pharmaceuticals. The pesticides and the hazardous are the categories of higher concern also on the environmental point of view. The results of our analysis could be the basis for the identification of new safety rules.

scholarly journals Revisiting the South African Marketing Index

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christo Boshoff ◽  
Alwyn P. Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Point ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Business Function ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The high level of human involvement in marketing ensures that it is, and always will be, a dynamic business function. When the impact of accelerating technological developments is added, the dynamism often turns to volatility. The rapidly changing business environment necessitates regular consideration of the role of marketing in the business environment, both from an internal and external point of view. This study analyses marketing and marketing activities from a consumer perspective. It measures consumer attitudes towards the four P's and converts these scores to an overall 'attitude towards marketing' index. It also compares the results with a similar study conducted in 1990 (the 1990 study). The 1990 study reported a negative marketing index of -16.262. Older consumers in particular voiced their disapproval of marketing practices. Pricing was singled out as the most important bone of contention. The pricing and the pricing practices used by marketers were seen as often unfair and unreasonable. Advertising was also viewed rather sceptically. Retailing was the only marketing mix element to return a positive index. The results of this study show that the SA Marketing Index has declined from -16.262 in 1990 to -34.125 in 1993. The decline in the marketing index is primarily due to the considerable decline in the price index from -8.470 to -24.368, a slight decrease in the product index (from -2.719 to -9.939) and a marginal deterioration in the retailing index. The decline in the price index in particular was so severe that the improvement in the advertising index (from -6.434 to +0.606) had almost no influence on the marketing index. When the impact of demographic variables on attitudes were considered, Afrikaans-speaking consumers and those who are relatively well qualified academically, turned out to be particularly dissatisfied with marketing.

scholarly journals Computational Modeling of the Human Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Shomeek Chowdhury ◽  
Stephen S. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome Project ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The impact of microorganisms on human health has long been acknowledged and studied, but recent advances in research methodologies have enabled a new systems-level perspective on the collections of microorganisms associated with humans, the human microbiome. Large-scale collaborative efforts such as the NIH Human Microbiome Project have sought to kick-start research on the human microbiome by providing foundational information on microbial composition based upon specific sites across the human body. Here, we focus on the four main anatomical sites of the human microbiome: gut, oral, skin, and vaginal, and provide information on site-specific background, experimental data, and computational modeling. Each of the site-specific microbiomes has unique organisms and phenomena associated with them; there are also high-level commonalities. By providing an overview of different human microbiome sites, we hope to provide a perspective where detailed, site-specific research is needed to understand causal phenomena that impact human health, but there is equally a need for more generalized methodology improvements that would benefit all human microbiome research.

scholarly journals RELATION BETWEEN IMPACT FACTOR IN ORTHOPEDIC JOURNALS AND LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-277
Author(s):  
Mauricio Pandini Monteiro de Barros ◽  
Fabio Teruo Matsunaga ◽  
Marcel Jun Sugawara Tamaoki
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to assess the quality of articles published in the leading orthopedic surgery journals, by measuring the relation between the impact factor and the number studies with a high level of evidence. Methods: A literature review was performed of articles published in four previously selected journals. A score of journal evidence (RER - Relation between Randomized clinical trials and Systematic reviews) was calculated, considering the number of RCTs and SR published and the total number of full-text articles. Results: The selected journals were JBJS-Am, ASMJ, BJJ-Br and Arthroscopy, with Impact factors of 5.280, 4.362, 3.309 and 3.206 respectively in 2015. In the study, the RER Scores, in the same order, were 9.408, 6.153, 7.456 and 7.779. Conclusion: The journal JBJS-Am is the best available source of information on orthopedic surgery from this point of view. It has the highest Impact Factor and clearly the highest RER Score. On the other hand, we could conclude that the number of published RCT and good quality SR is very low, with less than 10% of all the articles. Level of evidence III, Analyses based on limited alternatives and costs, and poor estimates.

scholarly journals DANIEL BELL ABOUT THE «FLUIDITY» OF AUTHORITIES IN THE AGE OF POSTINDUSTRIALISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Hanna Sashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
The People ◽  
New Information ◽  
Political Units ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact

The article analyze the position of one of the most respected researchers of post-industrialism, Daniel Bell, on the impact of new information technologies on “politics-power” relations. The following two features of the influence of information and knowledge on the political sphere of public life are clarified: “Situs as Political Units» and «Rightful Meritocracy.” According to D. Bell, there are three analyzed current models of power: 1) the previous model of power, which is based on property, and besides it is inherited; 2) a model of government, the basis of which is knowledge acquired through education; and 3) a model of power, the source of which is a political office obtained through an organizational apparatus. The concept of the rightful meritocracy of D. Bell was analyzed, it’s meaning in the idea that the power belong to the most gifted. He believed that a capitalist society іs gradually transforming into a society in which gifted people will be promoted to senior positions, including political. He defined a certain “merit formula”: “Intelligence + Achievements = Merit”. D. Bell argued, that people with such merits should take up leadership positions in politics, business, science and other activities. In post-industrial society, the principle of “achievement” is relevant, there is a thought, that power is achieved through the personal virtues of the people, their high level of education and skills. In such society, there are almost no senior positions available to people without qualifications. In conclusion, we can say that the politician, from the point of view of D. Bell, is a highly skilled specialist which have the necessary management skills. Post-industrial society implies the emergence of a new intellectual class, whose representatives can at political level act as consultants, experts or technocrats.

scholarly journals Impact of Leadership Patterns by Likert Classification on Job Performance in the Jordanian Ministry of Youth: أثر الأنماط القیادیة حسب تصنيف ليكرت على الأداء الوظيفي في وزارة الشباب الأردنية

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moaaz Labib Sulaiman Sabah
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Participative Leadership ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of leadership styles:  Exploitive Authoritative, Benevolent Authoritative, Consultative and Participative, according to Likert Leadership styles on job performance: work requirements knowledge, the quality of work, the amount of work done and perseverance and trust, in the directorates of The Ministry of Youth in Jordan.  A questionnaire is designed to collect the required data, SPSS is used to analyze it, to achieve the objectives of the study, which focuses on identifying the methods and leadership styles used by the Ministry of Youth directors and their impact on the functionality of the staff of its directorates. 100 questionnaires had been distributed on the employees of the Ministry center, 89 of them were valid for analyzing.  The study shows that the Benevolent Authoritative leadership style comes first, then the Exploitive Authoritative, followed by the Consultative leadership style, and then the Participative leadership style ranks last. The study also shows that the prevalent management style in the Ministry of Youth in Jordan is a Benevolent Authoritative leadership style. Depending on the answers of the sample, the study shows a high level of functionality of the staff in the Ministry of Youth in Jordan. The study also shows statistically significant relationship at the level of significance (α ≤0.05) between the independent variable, that is each of the leadership patterns on the dependent variable which is the performance in the Ministry of Youth in Jordan.  The study recommends several recommendations, including: giving employees the authority to take some of the non-critical daily decisions, improving the communication channels between the manager and his employees, through regular meetings for example. Focusing on the motivating factors and trying to take advantage of the private sector expertise and success in the field of management. Finally, the confirmation to place the right person in the right place for supervisory positions as heads of departments because of its potential impact on job performance and recommended by the study, another recommendation is to repeat the same study but from the manager’s point of view, while this study is from the employees point of view.

scholarly journals NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AS COMPONENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH: SOME ASPECTS OF ITS LEGAL REGULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalii M. Pashkov, ◽  
Maryna V. Trotska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Human health depends on various factors that have a different physical origin, degree of influence on the human body, methods of manifestation and other characteristics. Within public health, their research is carried out implementing an integrated approach and understanding the causation of the factors that influence each other as well as their effects on the human body. The natural environment, namely its state in general and individual natural objects, in particular, is one of the elements having both direct and indirect effects on human health. The aim: To analyze the legal basis for the regulation of the impact of the natural environment as a component of public health. Materials and methods: The study examines provisions of international documents and scientists’ attitudes. The article analyzes generalized information from scientific journals by means of scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods. Within the framework of the system approach, as well as analysis and synthesis, the concepts of public health, health and influence of the natural environment on them are researched. Review: As a result of the study of a particular range of problems, it may be noted that human health depends on a number of factors that allow it to be adequately addressed. The environmental component, namely, the state of the natural environment affecting the human body both directly and indirectly, is not the least of them. Proper legal settlement of the above-mentioned range of problems will allow a comprehensive approach to understanding the causation of human health and the natural environment. Conclusions: when researching the impact of the natural environment within public health, it can be noted that the legal basis for the multidimensional regulation of the notion of health in general, as well as its individual components, in particular, has been formed and reflected in a number of regulatory legal acts. In turn, inadequate implementation of the systematic approach with an in-depth understanding of the real and potential factors that affect human condition in one way or another does not allow the fullest possible determination of their causation both on the positive and negative sides.

Interventions of Unani medicine for maintenance of health with special reference to air quality: an evidence-based review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheen Akhlaq ◽  
Shabnam Anjum Ara ◽  
Bilal Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Fazil ◽  
Usama Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives This article aims to discuss the impact of air quality on human health, measures to achieve the goal of good indoor air quality and proposed benefits of interventions of Unani Medicine with an evidence-based approach. Content The significance of air quality on the health of the community cannot be denied. Recent evidences from WHO illustrated data on severe air pollutants and their impacts on human health ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory ailments including lung carcinoma and heart disease associated with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. In Unani Medicine, air has been included in the list of factors, which are six in number and play the central role in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Air is considered as the medium of most of the extrinsic factors such as chemical and biological pollutants affecting health and their exposure results in short and long-term health issues. The literature of Unani Medicine proposes many simple and effective measures, which help to improve indoor and outdoor air quality. The goal of outdoor clean air is achieved through implementation of measures to tackle the source of pollution, while indoor clean air is attained through various means e.g., fumigation with herbal drugs. Hence, an extensive literature survey on Unani reserve was conducted to collect information about the concept of air discussed under the heading of six essential factors and its implication in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Further, research databases such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct were broadly searched for evidence on the efficacy of herbals mentioned in Unani literature for the indoor air purification and subsequent air quality improvement. Summary and outlook Recent studies showed good air quality leads to decrease in mortality, particularly of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths whereas poor air quality results in a variety of diseases. Unani scholars prescribed several regimens such as Bukhoor (Fumigation), Sa’oot (Nasal instillation) and use of Abeer (Perfumes) and Nadd (Incense) for the improvement of air quality. Likewise various herbal fumigants and sprays containing drugs like mī’a sā’ila (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), mastagi (Pistacia lentiscus L.), mushk (Moschus moschiferus L.), loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), ābnoos (Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig ex Retz), zā’fran (Crocus sativus L.) and sirka (vinegar) etc. has been well explained and used exclusively for air purification and improvement of AQI. Therefore, in the present scenario of altered air quality, we forward certain measures described in Unani system of medicine for health promotion and protection. Scientific evidence on several drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may provide a new approach into the purification of air.

scholarly journals Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour of employees in companies in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Biljana Đorđević ◽  
Maja Ivanović-Đukić ◽  
Vinko Lepojević ◽  
Sandra Milanović
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Organizational citizenship behaviour is a form of employees' behaviour where employees go beyond their formal duties required by job description. Despite the fact that this form of behaviour is not recognized or accepted by the reward system, employees are ready to put in an extra effort in order to achieve organizational goals. However, the readiness of employees to manifest this form of behaviour is not completely unconditional. Numerous empirical studies suggest that such behaviour can be encouraged by employees' job satisfaction, fulfilment of their psychological contract, perception of a high level of organizational justice in the company, support provided to them, etc. Having in mind the importance of this form of employees' behaviour, precisely from the point of view of employers, as well as the factors that influence it, this paper examines the impact of employees' job satisfaction on the level of their organizational citizenship behaviour on the example of the companies in Serbia. The paper starts with three hypotheses. The first and second hypotheses are that employees in companies in Serbia are satisfied with their jobs and that they demonstrate organizational citizenship behaviour. These assumptions were tested using the t-test. The third hypothesis is that employees' satisfaction with their job has a positive effect on their organizational citizenship behaviour. In order to test this hypothesis, methods of correlation and multiple regression analysis were used. The analysis is based on data obtained by primary research realized during 2019. In the research, 244 employees participated. The research showed that there is a positive relationship between respondents' job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour, as well as the positive impact of job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behaviour of employees. This paper's contribution is twofold. First, it provides empirical data regarding the job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour of employees in companies in Serbia. Second, it adds to the existing literature from this field by proposing strategies for increasing the employees' job satisfaction, which will lead to increasing the employees' willingness to manifest organizational citizenship behaviour.

scholarly journals Microbial genetic resources in food security to face COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Xochilt Zelaya-Molina ◽  
Sergio De los Santos-Villalobos ◽  
Ismael Fernando Chávez-Díaz ◽  
Liliana Carolina Córdova-Albores
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Biological Unit ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
The Impact

<p>COVID-19 has had an impact on the regional and worldwide agricultural value chain, jeopardizing food security. It is time to reassess the approach of the agri-food sector and to consider that the food supply and plant health, as agrosystemic services, must depend on strategies with a low impact on productive and environmental assets. One strategy is the use and optimization of microbial genetic resources (MGR) related to agroecosystems as a source of balance, functionality, productivity, inhibition of the impact of pests and pathogens, and contribution to the profitability of agri-food activity. It is necessary to strengthen and develop regional agricultural systems that are dynamic, that mitigate damages to the environment and produce nutritional and nutraceutical foods that ensure human health. Agricultural sciences are undergoing changes in scientific paradigms that will benefit the agri-food sector if we are able to learn from the impacts of an extensive technological agriculture. Approaching agriculture from an agro-systemic point of view in which the crop-community is the functional biological unit of study and to preserve the MGR diversity are the greatest challenges to create sustainable and resilient strategies and technologies that contribute towards human health and help prevent risks during health crises such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</p>

scholarly journals Problems faced by principals in the Al Mafraq Directorate in the process of collecting، storing and retrieving information and the importance of providing them with their own database system: المشكلات التي تواجه مدراء المدارس في مديرية قصبة المفرق أثناء جمع وحفظ المعلومات واسترجاعها وأهمية توفير نظام قاعدة بيانات إدارية خاصة بهم

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia Muhsen Al-Amoush
Keyword(s):  
School Administrators ◽  
Current System ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Internet ◽  
E Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to identify the problems faced by the principals in Mafraq in the process of collecting data، processing and refer to it from their point of view in terms of obstacles and challenges، and to identify the impact of both sex and educational qualification and area of specialization and to related experience. The study used the descriptive survey method، which was a questionnaire of 15 paragraphs that were distributed to 110 principals out of 160 in Al Mafraq. The results showed that the degree of use of files and paper documents at an average of 4.4 was at a high level and there was no differences in the statistical significance of variables such as sex or experience. The results of the study showed that the current system using "paper" is a major burden in the process of retrieving، archiving and updating information، and that the current e-learning system does not serve them as required. The current e-learning system obtained a low average of 2 degrees، the internet also has a low average of 2 grades as well. From this point of view, it is necessary to provide an effective system for storing and retrieving information that facilitates administrative operations on school administrators. In light of the results، the study recommended that: Create a system that serves the process of data collection، archiving and processing and to train principals and their assistants on how to use such a system to meet their needs، Encourage principals to use technology effectively because of its role in saving time، effort and ease of dealing and Providing the Internet for its role in obtaining and disseminating information.

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