scholarly journals Applications of Oxygen-Carrying Micro/Nanobubbles: a Potential Approach to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy and Photoacoustic Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saad Khan ◽  
Jangsun Hwang ◽  
Kyungwoo Lee ◽  
Yonghyun Choi ◽  
Kyobum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Microbubbles and nanobubbles can be prepared using various shells, such as phospholipids, polymers, proteins, and surfactants. They are echogenic and can be used as contrast agents for ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging. These bubbles can be engineered in various sizes as vehicles for gas and drug delivery applications with novel properties and flexible structures. Hypoxic areas in tumors develop owing to an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. In tumors, hypoxic regions have shown more resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapies. The efficacy of photodynamic therapy depends on the availability of oxygen in the tumor to generate reactive oxygen species. Micro/nanobubbles have been shown to reverse hypoxic conditions and increase tissue oxygen levels. This review summarizes the synthesis methods and shell compositions of micro/nanobubbles and methods deployed for oxygen delivery. In addition, the shortcomings and prospects of engineering micro/nanobubbles are discussed for their potential use in photodynamic therapy.

scholarly journals Oxygen-Carrying Micro/Nanobubbles: Composition, Synthesis Techniques and Potential Prospects in Photo-Triggered Theranostics

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Jangsun Hwang ◽  
Kyungwoo Lee ◽  
Yonghyun Choi ◽  
Kyobum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Microbubbles and nanobubbles (MNBs) can be prepared using various shells, such as phospholipids, polymers, proteins, and surfactants. MNBs contain gas cores due to which they are echogenic and can be used as contrast agents for ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging. These bubbles can be engineered in various sizes as vehicles for gas and drug delivery applications with novel properties and flexible structures. Hypoxic areas in tumors develop owing to an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. In tumors, hypoxic regions have shown more resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapies. The efficacy of photodynamic therapy depends on the effective accumulation of photosensitizer drug in tumors and the availability of oxygen in the tumor to generate reactive oxygen species. MNBs have been shown to reverse hypoxic conditions, degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α protein, and increase tissue oxygen levels. This review summarizes the synthesis methods and shell compositions of micro/nanobubbles and methods deployed for oxygen delivery. Methods of functionalization of MNBs, their ability to deliver oxygen and drugs, incorporation of photosensitizers and potential application of photo-triggered theranostics, have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy Using Cerenkov and Radioluminescence Light

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonello E. Spinelli ◽  
Federico Boschi
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Short Review ◽  
External Source ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Fluence ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Potential Use

In this short review the potential use of Cerenkov radiation and radioluminescence as internal sources for Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is discussed. PDT has been developed over the course of more than 100 years and is based on the induced photo conversion of a drug called photosensitizer (PS) that triggers the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the killing of the cells. In order to overcome the problem of light penetration in the tissues, different solutions were proposed in the past. The use of radioisotopes like: 18F, 64Cu, 90Y, 177Lu as internal light sources increase the light fluence at the PS compared to an external source, resulting in a larger cytotoxic effect.

Botanical characteristics, phytochemistry and related biological activities of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and the potential use in functional foods: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litao Wang ◽  
Mu-Jie Lv ◽  
Juan-Yan An ◽  
Xiao-Hong Fan ◽  
Ming-Zhu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rosa Roxburghii Tratt ◽  
Botanical Characteristics ◽  
Rosa Roxburghii ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Potential Use

With increasing global population, the reduction of arable land and climate change and incongruity between food supply and demand has become increasingly severe. Nowadays, with the elementary nutrients required for...

scholarly journals Oxygen saturations of medical inpatients in a Malawian hospital: cross-sectional study of oxygen supply and demand

Pneumonia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hywel-Gethin Tudur Evans ◽  
Nadia Mahmood ◽  
Duncan G. Fullerton ◽  
Jamie Rylance ◽  
Andrew Gonani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Inpatients

scholarly journals Self-Generated Hypoxia Leads to Oxidative Stress and Massive Death in Ustilago maydis Populations under Extreme Starvation and Oxygen-Limited Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Jelena Petkovic ◽  
Milorad Kojic ◽  
Mira Milisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Catastrophic Loss ◽  
Initial Culture ◽  
Response To Water

Ustilago maydis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ considerably in their response to water-transfer treatments. When stationary phase cells were transferred to pure water and incubated under limited supply of oxygen, the U. maydis cells suffered a catastrophic loss of viability while the S. cerevisiae population was virtually unaffected by the treatment. The major factor underlying the death of the U. maydis cells under those conditions was an oxygen-consuming cellular activity that generated a hypoxic environment, thereby inducing oxidative stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which resulted in lethality. Importantly, a small residue of U. maydis cells that did survive was able to resume growth and repopulate up to the initial culture density when sufficient aeration was restored. The regrowth was dependent on the cellular factors (Adr1, Did4, Kel1, and Tbp1), previously identified as required for repopulation, after killing with hydrogen peroxide. Surprisingly, the survivors were also able to resume growth under apparently hypoxic conditions, indicating that these remnant cells likely switched to a fermentative mode of growth. We discuss the findings in terms of their possible relevance to the eco-evolutionary adaptation of U. maydis to risky environments.

scholarly journals Tailoring photosensitive ROS for advanced photodynamic therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Loc Sai ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Duc Long Nguyen ◽  
Young-Pil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Future Challenges

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses challenges to the implementation of traditional PDT. Here, we review recent advances in PDT to resolve the current problems. Major breakthroughs in PDTs are enabling significant progress in molecular medicine and are interconnected with innovative strategies based on smart bio/nanomaterials or therapeutic insights. We focus on newly developed PDT strategies designed by tailoring photosensitive reactive oxygen species generation, which include the use of proteinaceous photosensitizers, self-illumination, or oxygen-independent approaches. While these updated PDT platforms are expected to enable major advances in cancer treatment, addressing future challenges related to biosafety and target specificity is discussed throughout as a necessary goal to expand the usefulness of PDT.

Current phthalocyanines delivery systems in photodynamic therapy: an updated review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Miretti ◽  
Cesar German Prucca ◽  
Tomas Cristian Tempesti ◽  
Maria Teresa Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Therapy Efficacy ◽  
Cellular Components

: Photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological, cardiovascular, dermatological, infectious, and ophthalmic diseases. Photodynamic therapy combines the action of a photosensitizer with light in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species capable of reacting with cellular components resulting in injury and, consequently, inducing cellular death. Phthalocyanines are considered good photosensitizers, although most of them are lipophilic, difficulting their administration for clinical use. A strategy to overcome the lack of solubility of phthalocyanines in aqueous media is to incorporate them into different delivery systems. The present review aimed to summarize the current status of the main drug delivery systems used for Zn and Al phthalocyanines and their effect in photodynamic therapy, reported in the last five years. Liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold-nanoparticles constituted some of the most used carriers and were discussed in this review. The latest studies reported strongly suggests that the application of nanotechnologies as delivery systems allow an increase in photodynamic therapy efficacy and reduce side-effects associated with the phthalocyanine administration, which represents a promise for cancer treatments.

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