scholarly journals Use of Natural Products for Weed Management in High-Value Crops: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Saini ◽  
Sukhbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Potential Impact

Over the last five decades, weed management systems have relied primarily on synthetic herbicides. Due to the concerns over the potential impact of chemicals on human health and the environment, efforts are being made to reduce the heavy reliance on synthetic herbicides. To reduce the use of synthetic herbicides, the use of natural products such as essential oils, plant extracts, allelochemicals, agricultural by-products, and some microbes are gaining attention because of their short environmental half-life and low toxicity. They are a good alternative to synthetic herbicides, especially in organic agriculture, since they focus on environmental protection, and ecological stability. Most of the commercially available natural herbicides are non-selective and require careful application in order to preserve the cash crops. Although many studies in this direction have been undertaken, the use of these natural products is still not common because of their cost the difficulties in their synthesis due to their complex structure, cost effectiveness, poor performance, and rapid degradation. When used singly, these natural herbicides do not perform as well as the chemical herbicides. An integrated approach may provide better results. Using a combination of natural herbicides may be more effective than using just one.  

scholarly journals Problems and perspectives in weed management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Loddo ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Vittoria Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Transgenic Technology ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Past

Despite the wide use of herbicides in the past century, their use is decreasing due to rising resistance phenomena, absence of discovery of new modes of actions and more regulatory restrictions. On the other hand, several tactics and technologies have developed recently providing alternatives from mechanical, cultural, robotic and natural products use perspectives, that could profitably enhance weed management within the agroecosystem and usher in a new paradigm of weed management that integrates chemical and non-chemical weed management practices. In the next future, herbicide will remain an important tool for weed management and will be increasingly complemented by other innovative tactics and tools in a IWM perspective. This integrated approach would thus preserve the chemical and transgenic technology for future generations.

scholarly journals Honeybees use propolis as a natural pesticide against their major ectoparasite

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1965) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelina Pusceddu ◽  
Desiderato Annoscia ◽  
Ignazio Floris ◽  
Davide Frizzera ◽  
Virginia Zanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Natural Pesticide ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Honeybees use propolis collected from plants for coating the inner walls of their nest. This substance is also used as a natural antibiotic against microbial pathogens, similarly to many other animals exploiting natural products for self-medication. We carried out chemical analyses and laboratory bioassays to test if honeybees use propolis for social medication against their major ectoparasite: Varroa destructor . We found that propolis is applied to brood cells where it can affect the reproducing parasites, with a positive effect on honeybees and a potential impact on Varroa population. We conclude that propolis can be regarded as a natural pesticide used by the honeybee to limit a dangerous parasite. These findings significantly enlarge our understanding of behavioural immunity in animals and may have important implications for the management of the most important threat to honeybees worldwide.

scholarly journals The Impact of Culture on the Indian Construction Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Syed Nihas ◽  
Kristen Barlish ◽  
Jacob Kashiwagi ◽  
Dean Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Deductive Logic ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

The Indian construction industry has been characterized by poor performance. This paper analyzes the potential impact of the Indian culture on the poor performance. If the culture is a major cause in the construction industry subpar performance, can the cultural influence be overridden to minimize construction project delays and cost overruns. The authors propose to identify the  unique cultural issues, identify using the Construction Industry Structure (CIS) model the impact of the cultural issues on the construction industry, and identify a potential solution to the problem. The paper proposes to test the solution in actual tests with industry participants. What makes this research unique is the approach of using deductive logic to create a simple solution, and then convincing a major research client to test the proposal.

scholarly journals Weeds and their Management under Changing Climate: A Review 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeena Mary
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

World is now facing a greater menace of climate change and this has a long term impact on agriculture system. Weeds are one of the major factors that hold back the crops from attaining potential yield. The changing climate can have an effect on weed diversity, establishment and management. The response of weeds to altering climate mainly leans on the physiological characteristics of the weed and how productively it can respond to the immediate climatic condition. Due to high plasticity of weeds, management of these unwanted plants become difficult. This has significant repercussions on weed control practices, especially herbicide performance and effectiveness. Therefore, an integrated approach of weed management is adopted to reduce the impact of climate change on crop-weed interaction. 

scholarly journals A review on production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Muzhda Azizi ◽  
Sweeta Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
The One ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Different Sources

Nowadays, preservation of natural resources on earth is one of the most important concerns of humanity. In this regard, increasing the consumption of energy is one of the most critical challenges that humans are facing. Because, on the one hand, the untapped use of different sources of energy from fossil fuels can destroy this natural resource and, on the other hand, pollution from the use of these resources is a serious threat to the environment. Recent research suggests that affordable, sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels, which can be a good alternative to fossil fuels, have become more important. Therefore, biodiesel has made it possible to release less greenhouse gas emission and low toxicity emissions, which can partly meet fuel requirements and is the best alternative for petroleum diesel. In addition, the waste cooking oils are a major source of biodiesel for their essential compounds, such as glycerol. The use of waste cooking oils can reduce biodiesel production cost by 60 to 90 percent. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to study the production of biodiesel using transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel to petroleum diesel that can be used easily in diesel engines.

scholarly journals Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemat ◽  
Abert Vian ◽  
Ravi ◽  
Khadhraoui ◽  
Hilali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Alternative Solvents ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Extraction Cycle ◽  
Almost All

In recent years, almost all extraction processes in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel and fine chemical industries rely massively on solvents, the majority of which have petroleum origins. The intricate processing steps involved in the industrial extraction cycle makes it increasingly difficult to predict the overall environmental impact; despite the tremendous energy consumption and the substantial usage of solvents, often the yields are indicated in decimals. The ideal alternative solvents suitable for green extraction should have high solvency, high flash points with low toxicity and low environmental impacts, be easily biodegradable, obtained from renewable (non-petrochemical) resources at a reasonable price and should be easy to recycle without any deleterious effect to the environment. Finding the perfect solvent that meets all the aforementioned requirements is a challenging task, thus the decision for the optimum solvent will always be a compromise depending on the process, the plant and the target molecules. The objective of this comprehensive review is to furnish a vivid picture of current knowledge on alternative, green solvents used in laboratories and industries alike for the extraction of natural products focusing on original methods, innovation, protocols, and development of safe products.

scholarly journals Nanosystems for the Encapsulation of Natural Products: The Case of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Matrix

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Detsi ◽  
Eleni Kavetsou ◽  
Ioanna Kostopoulou ◽  
Ioanna Pitterou ◽  
Antonella Rozaria Nefeli Pontillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Chitosan Biopolymer

Chitosan is a cationic natural polysaccharide, which has emerged as an increasingly interesting biomaterialover the past few years. It constitutes a novel perspective in drug delivery systems and nanocarriers’ formulations due to its beneficial properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. The potentiality of chemical or enzymatic modifications of the biopolymer, as well as its complementary use with other polymers, further attract the scientific community, offering improved and combined properties in the final materials. As a result, chitosan has been extensively used as a matrix for the encapsulation of several valuable compounds. In this review article, the advantageous character of chitosan as a matrix for nanosystemsis presented, focusing on the encapsulation of natural products. A five-year literature review is attempted covering the use of chitosan and modified chitosan as matrices and coatings for the encapsulation of natural extracts, essential oils or pure naturally occurring bioactive compounds are discussed.

Weed Control Efficacy and Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Tolerance to Early Season Mechanical Weeding

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Lori J. Wiles ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Phil Westra
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Pinto Bean

An integrated approach to weed management in pinto bean is needed since available herbicides seldom adequately control all weed species present in a field. A two-year study was conducted to assess weed control efficacy and pinto bean tolerance to mechanical weeding from a rotary hoe or flex-tine harrow at crook, unifoliolate, and trifoliolate stages of bean development. Weed control was similar for both implements and all timings in 1993. In 1994, mechanical weeding at trifoliolate and both crook and trifoliolate stages controlled more weeds than at other growth stages, regardless of type of implement. Using the flex-tine harrow reduced pinto bean stand, but results based on growth stage were not consistent each year. Damage to pinto bean hypocotyls and stems was observed with the flex-tine harrow used at both crook and trifoliolate stages in 1994. Rotary hoeing did not reduce pinto bean stand or cause injury. Yield and seed weight did not differ among treatments in either year.

scholarly journals Bio-Herbicidal Effects of Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oils on Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Crop in Organic Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frabboni ◽  
Tarantino ◽  
Petruzzi ◽  
Disciglio
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Natural Herbicides

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a well-known medicinal plant species in which the products requested from the market are those that are derived from the organic system. The study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effects, as natural herbicides, of two essential oils extracted from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and rosemary (Rosmarimum officinalis L.), with the objective of exploring the possibility of their utilization for future weed management. A field experiment was conducted over two seasons, when the infestation of 15 different weed species was detected. Each essential oil was applied at two different concentrations (50% diluted and undiluted), three times during the chamomile crop under an organic farm system. The results demonstrated that the germination of different weed species was affected differently by the type of essential oils and especially by their concentrations. The undiluted oils inhibited most of the germination of several weed species, highlighting a significantly higher percentage of Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) and suggesting the potential to be used as bio-herbicides. Bioherbicidal weed control methods could offer an advantage with respect to hand weeding, particularly from an economic point of view.

An Integrated Weed Management Procedure for the Control of Dodder (Cuscuta indecora) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Cudney ◽  
S. B. Orloff ◽  
J. S. Reints
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
High Desert

Largeseed dodder is the most troublesome weed in alfalfa fields in the high desert of Southern California. Preemergence treatment with trifluralin controls dodder early in the season, but, as the season progresses, control declines. A method was needed to control attached dodder plants that escaped preemergence treatment. Flail mowing was compared to burning with a handheld propane-fueled weed burner. These methods were equally effective for controlling attached dodder, but flail mowing was more economical, and less injurious to alfalfa yield and stand density. Burning dodder patches at the end of the season reduced dodder seed viability by an average of 99%. Thus, we propose the use of a three tiered integrated approach consisting of PRE herbicide treatment followed by flail mowing in mid-season to control escaped dodder and burning at the end of the season to reduce dodder seed.

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