Overexpression of MiR482c in Tomato Induces Enhanced Susceptibility to Late Blight

Tomato is the highest-value fruit/vegetable crop worldwide. However, the quality and yield of tomatoes are severely affected by late blight. MicroRNA482s (miR482s) are involved in plant immune system. In this study, miR482c was transiently and stably overexpressed in tomatoes in transgenic plants to explore its mechanism in tomato resistance against late blight. Tomato in transgenic plants transiently overexpressed miR482c displayed larger lesion area than the control plants upon infection. Furthermore, compared with the WT tomato plants, the transgenic tomato plants stably overexpressing miR482c displayed decreased expression of target genes accompanied by lower POD, SOD, and PAL activity activities and higher MDA content, thereby leading to a decline in the ROS scavenging ability and aggravating the damage of lipid peroxidation product accumulation on the cell membrane, eventually enhancing plant susceptibility. This finding indicates that miR482c may act as a negative regulator in tomato resistance by regulating NBS-LRR expression levels and ROS levels.

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Overexpression of MiR482c in Tomato Induces Enhanced Susceptibility to Late Blight

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8080822 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 822 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yu-Hui Hong ◽

Jun Meng ◽

Xiao-Li He ◽

Yuan-Yuan Zhang ◽

Yu-Shi Luan

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Target Genes ◽

Transgenic Tomato ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Nucleotide Binding Sites ◽

Pal Activity ◽

Transgenic Tomato Plants

Tomato is the highest-value fruit/vegetable crop worldwide. However, the quality and yield of tomatoes are severely affected by late blight. MicroRNA482s (miR482s) are involved in the plant’s immune system. In this study, miR482c was transiently and stably overexpressed in tomatoes in transgenic plants to explore its mechanism in tomato resistance against late blight. Transgenic tomato plants with transiently overexpressed miR482c displayed a larger lesion area than the control plants upon infection. Furthermore, compared with wild-type (WT) tomato plants, the transgenic tomato plants stably overexpressing miR482c displayed a decreased expression of target genes accompanied by lower peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity activities and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content, thereby leading to a decline in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability and aggravating the damage of lipid peroxidation product accumulation on the cell membrane, eventually enhancing plant susceptibility. This finding indicates that miR482c may act as a negative regulator in tomato resistance by regulating nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) expression levels and ROS levels.

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Salt Stress-Induced Structural Changes Are Mitigated in Transgenic Tomato Plants Over-Expressing Superoxide Dismutase

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9090297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liliya R. Bogoutdinova ◽

Elena M. Lazareva ◽

Inna A. Chaban ◽

Neonila V. Kononenko ◽

Tatyana Dilovarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Transgenic Line ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Cortical Network ◽

Root Tip ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Root Cells ◽

Tomato Plants

Various abiotic stresses cause the appearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, which seriously damage the cellular structures. The engineering of transgenic plants with higher production of ROS-scavenging enzyme in plant cells could protect the integrity of such a fine intracellular structure as the cytoskeleton and each cellular compartment. We analyzed the morphological changes in root tip cells caused by the application of iso-osmotic NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions to tomato plants harboring an introduced superoxide dismutase gene. To study the roots of tomato plants cultivar Belyi Naliv (WT) and FeSOD-transgenic line, we examined the distribution of ROS and enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection of α-tubulin. In addition, longitudinal sections of the root apexes were compared. Transmission electronic microscopy of atypical cytoskeleton structures was also performed. The differences in the microtubules cortical network between WT and transgenic plants without salt stress were detected. The differences were found in the cortical network of microtubules between WT and transgenic plants in the absence of salt stress. While an ordered microtubule network was revealed in the root cells of WT tomato, no such degree of ordering was detected in transgenic line cells. The signs of microtubule disorganization in root cells of WT plants were manifested under the NaCl treatment. On the contrary, the cytoskeleton structural organization in the transgenic line cells was more ordered. Similar changes, including the cortical microtubules disorganization, possibly associated with the formation of atypical tubulin polymers as a response to salt stress caused by Na2SO4 treatment, were also observed. Changes in cell size, due to both vacuolization and impaired cell expansion in columella zone and cap initials, were responsible for the root tip tissue modification.

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Genome-wide identification of BAM genes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and ectopic expression of VvBAM1 modulating soluble sugar levels to improve low-temperature tolerance in tomato

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02916-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guoping Liang ◽

Honghong He ◽

Guojie Nai ◽

Lidan Feng ◽

Yanmei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Sugar Levels

Abstract Background Low temperature (LT) is one of the main limiting factors that affect growth and development in grape. Increasing soluble sugar and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in grapevine resistance to cold stress. However, the mechanism of β-amylase (BAM) involved in the regulation of sugar levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in response to cold stress is unclear. Results In this study, six BAM genes were identified and clustered into four groups. Multiple sequence alignment and gene structure analysis showed that VvBAM6 lacked the Glu380 residue and contained only an exon. The transcript abundance of VvBAM1 and VvBAM3 significantly increased as temperature decreased. After LT stress, VvBAM1 was highly expressed in the leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of overexpressing tomato lines. The total amylase and BAM activities increased by 6.5- and 6.01-fold in transgenic plants compared with those in wild-type tomato plants (WT) subjected to LT, respectively. The glucose and sucrose contents in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in WT plants, whereas the starch contents in the former decreased by 1.5-fold compared with those in the latter under LT stress. The analysis of transcriptome sequencing data revealed that 541 genes were upregulated, and 663 genes were downregulated in transgenic plants. One sugar transporter protein gene (SlSTP10), two peroxidase (POD)-related genes (SlPER7 and SlPER5), and one catalase (CAT)-related gene (SlCAT1) were upregulated by 8.6-, 3.6-, 3.0-, and 2.3-fold in transgenic plants after LT stress, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that VvBAM1 overexpression promotes ROS scavenging and improves cold tolerance ability by modulating starch hydrolysis to affect soluble sugar levels in tomato plants.

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The bHLH transcription factor AhbHLH112 improves the drought tolerance of peanut

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03318-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chunjuan Li ◽

Caixia Yan ◽

Quanxi Sun ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Cuiling Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Target Genes ◽

Gene Families ◽

Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Stress Responding

Abstract Background Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest gene families in plants. They regulate gene expression through interactions with specific motifs in target genes. bHLH TFs are not only universally involved in plant growth but also play an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, most members of this family have not been functionally characterized. Results Here, we characterized the function of a bHLH TF in the peanut, AhHLH112, in response to drought stress. AhHLH112 is localized in the nucleus and it was induced by drought stress. The overexpression of this gene improves the drought tolerance of transgenic plants both in seedling and adult stages. Compared to wild-type plants, the transgenic plants accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS), accompanied by increased activity and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase). In addition, the WT plants demonstrated higher MDA concentration levels and higher water loss rate than the transgenic plants under drought treatment. The Yeast one-hybrid result also demonstrates that AhbHLH112 directly and specifically binds to and activates the promoter of the peroxidase (POD) gene. Besides, overexpression of AhHLH112 improved ABA level under drought condition, and elevated the expression of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and ABA responding, including AtNCED3 and AtRD29A. Conclusions Drawing on the results of our experiments, we propose that, by improving ROS-scavenging ability, at least in part through the regulation of POD -mediated H2O2 homeostasis, and possibly participates in ABA-dependent stress-responding pathway, AhbHLH112 acts as a positive factor in drought stress tolerance.

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Changes of liver transcriptome profiles following oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8983

Author(s):

Shuren Guo ◽

Xiaohuan Mao ◽

Yunmeng Yan ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Liang Ming

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Target Genes ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Control Group ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Liver Transcriptome ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Peroxidation Product

Background Oxidative-stress (OS) was causal in the development of cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Streptozotocin (STZ) was an alkylation agent that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Here we aimed to explore the oxidative-stress and related RNAs in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Methods RNA-sequencing was performed using liver tissues from STZ induced diabetic mice and controls. Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were utilized to annotate the target genes. The differentially expressed RNAs involved in the peroxisome pathway were validated by qRT-PCR. The glucose metabolite and OS markers were measured in the normal control (NC) and STZ-induced diabetic mellitus (DM) group. Results The levels of serum Fasting insulin, HbA1c, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) were significant higher in DM groups than NC group, while SOD activity decreased significantly in DM groups. We found 416 lncRNAs and 910 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the STZ-induced diabetic mice compared to the control group. OS associated RNAs were differentially expressed in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Conclusion This study confirmed that the OS was increased in the STZ-induced DM mice as evidenced by the increase of lipid peroxidation product MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α, identified aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

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Interaction of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified low-density lipoproteins with the fibroblast apolipoprotein B/E receptor

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2340245 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 234 (1) ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

W Jessup ◽

G Jurgens ◽

J Lang ◽

H Esterbauer ◽

R T Dean

Keyword(s):

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Negative Charge ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽

Modified Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

Peroxidation Product

The incorporation of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increases the negative charge of the particle, and decreases its affinity for the fibroblast LDL receptor. It is suggested that this modification may occur in vivo, and might promote atherogenesis.

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Abstract 5702: Oxidative Stress in Patients with Lone Atrial Fibrillation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_988-b ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Kengo Kusano ◽

Kazufumi Nakamura ◽

Tohru Ohe

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽

Lone Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Activated T Cells ◽

Mhc I ◽

Mhc Ii ◽

Peroxidation Product ◽

Ros Formation

Background: Lone atrial fibrillation (LAF) is a common arrhythmia, but its mechanism and the aggravated factor of arrhythmia are poorly understood. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. We have previously demonstrated that the amount of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modified protein, which is a major lipid peroxidation product and a cytotoxic aldehyde, causes intracellular Ca2+ overload via reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in cardiomyocytes and leads to develop arrhythmia. Accordingly we examined the levels of HNE and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with the disease severity in LAF patients. Method: Atrial and ventricular myocardial samples were obtained from twelve patients (11 men and 1 woman, mean 48±14 years old) by endomyocardial biopsy in 10, autopsy sample in 1 and surgical resection sample in 1. Histological assessments and immunohistochemical analysis for HNE modified protein, MHC class-I and -II antigens (grade 0 to 3) were performed and compared with LAF severity. Results: Histological assessment showed that increased number of interstitial cells (mainly activated T cells) was observed only in the atrium but not in the ventricle. Moderate to severe expression of MHC antigens (grade 2 or 3) was more observed in the atrium than the ventricle (MHC-I: seven in atrium and three in ventricle; MHC-II: ten in atrium and four in ventricle). Atrial myocarditis was detected in 6 out of 11 samples. HNE modified protein was also more observed in the atrium than that in the ventricle. In addition, more severe expression of HNE staining was observed in the samples from persistent/chronic LAF than that in paroxysmal LAF. Conclusion: These data indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role as an aggravating factor in LAF patients.

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Carotid intima-media thickness and oxidative stress markers for assessment of atherosclerosis in children with β thalassemia major

Thalassemia Reports ◽

10.4081/thal.2016.4939 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Geetanjali Jindal ◽

Prashant Chavan ◽

Ravinder Kaur ◽

Shivani Jaswal ◽

Kamal Kumar Singhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Peroxidation Product

The present study evaluates carotid intimamedia thickness (CIMT) in children with β thalassemia major to assess atherosclerosis and its relation to the underlying proposed causative mechanisms via lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized lowdensity lipoproteins (LDL), total antioxidant level, and lipid profile. A cross sectional study was conducted on 62 children (31 cases and 31 controls). CIMT by high resolution ultrasound and biochemical parameters i.e., total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, LDL, Oxidized LDL, lipoprotein (a), lipid peroxidation product MDA and total antioxidant were measured in enrolled subjects and compared. In our study, CIMT was significantly increased in β thalassemia major patients’ as compared to healthy controls. Mean CIMT in cases was 0.69±0.11 mm and in controls 0.51±0.07 mm. Mean oxidized LDL (EU/mL) in cases 39.3±34.4 (range 14.4 to 160) was significantly raised (P=0.02, t test) as compared to controls 23.9±13.4 (range 12 to 70). In our study we found MDA levels (nmol/mL) to be increased in β thalassemia patients as compared to controls. Mean MDA was 10.0±3.27 (4.41 to 17.48) in cases while in controls was 6.87±4.55 (1.5 to 17.9). Our study results show CIMT as an early marker of atherogenesis in β thalassemia major. Oxidative stress markers are also increased in β thalassemia major patients and lipoprotein (a) shows a positive correlation with CIMT. The present study points towards various atherogenetic mechanisms in β thalassemia major. 本研究评价β重型地中海贫血患儿颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT），以评估动脉粥样硬化，以及与潜在通过血脂过氧化反应产物丙二醛（MDA）、氧化低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、总抗氧化水平和血脂谱所提出致病机制之间的关系。在62名儿童（31例病例和31例对照）中进行了一项横断面研究。在入组受试者中通过高分辨率超声和生化指标（即总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、LDL、氧化LDL，脂蛋白（a）、血脂过氧化产物MDA和总抗氧化剂）测量CIMT并进行比较。在我们的研究中，CIMT在β重型地中海贫血患者中比健康对照组显著增加。病例组中的平均CIMT为0.69±0.11 mm，对照组0.51±0.07 mm。病例组中平均氧化LDL（EU/mL）为39.3±34.4（从14.4到160的范围）与对照组的23.9±13.4（12至70的范围）相比显著升高（P = 0.02，t检验）。在我们的研究中，我们发现β地中海贫血患者中的MDA水平（nmol/mL）比对照组更高。病例组中的平均MDA为10.0±3.27（4.41至17.48），而对照组为6.87±4.55（1.5到17.9）。我们的研究结果表明，CIMT是β重型地中海贫血动脉粥样硬化的早期标记物。氧化应激标记物在β重型地中海贫血患者中也有增加，脂蛋白（a）显示出与CIMT呈正相关。本研究针对β重型地中海贫血中的各种动脉粥样硬化机制。

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A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor from Ipomoea trifida, ItfWRKY70, Confers Drought Tolerance in Sweet Potato

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020686 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 686

Author(s):

Sifan Sun ◽

Xu Li ◽

Shaopei Gao ◽

Nan Nie ◽

Huan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Stomatal Aperture ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Ipomoea Trifida ◽

Positive Role

WRKY transcription factors are one of the important families in plants, and have important roles in plant growth, abiotic stress responses, and defense regulation. In this study, we isolated a WRKY gene, ItfWRKY70, from the wild relative of sweet potato Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. This gene was highly expressed in leaf tissue and strongly induced by 20% PEG6000 and 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA). Subcellar localization analyses indicated that ItfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 significantly increased drought tolerance in transgenic sweet potato plants. The content of ABA and proline, and the activity of SOD and POD were significantly increased, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were decreased in transgenic plants under drought stress. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 up-regulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, stress-response, ROS-scavenging system, and stomatal aperture in transgenic plants under drought stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ItfWRKY70 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by accumulating the content of ABA, regulating stomatal aperture and activating the ROS scavenging system in sweet potato.

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Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2224

Author(s):

Mira Rahman ◽

Khussboo Rahman ◽

Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽

Md. Mahabub Alam ◽

Kamrun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

H2o2 Content ◽

Mda Content ◽

Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

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