scholarly journals Energy Recovery Potential of Obomkpa Coal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba B. Nyakuma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Oxidative Pyrolysis ◽  
Ash Formation ◽  
Significant Mass Loss

This study presents preliminary findings on the physicochemical, calorific, and thermal properties of a newly discovered coal from Obomkpa town in Aniocha-North Local Government Area of Delta State in Nigeria. The Obomkpa (BMK) coal sample was subjected to fuel characterisation through ASTM standards and techniques for determining elemental, proximate, and calorific coal properties. The results indicated that BMK coal contains high carbon, oxygen, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash. The higher heating value of BMK was 19.66 MJ/kg, which indicates it could be ranked as either lignite A or subbituminous C coal. The thermal properties indicated that BMK experienced significant mass loss (ML) under oxidative (combustion) and non-oxidative (pyrolysis) conditions due to thermal degradation of organic rock macerals (inertinite and vitrinite). Furthermore, BMK experienced mass loss (ML=59.27%–76.56%) along with residual mass (RM = 23.44–40.73%) under oxidative (combustion) and non-oxidative (pyrolysis) conditions. Thermal degradation occurred in three (3) stages; drying (30 °C to 200 °C), devolatilization (200 °C – 500 °C and 600 °C), and lastly, coke degradation and ash formation. Furthermore, the DTG peaks for the drying and devolatilization of BMK during the oxidative (combustion) process occurred at lower temperatures compared to the non-oxidative (pyrolysis) process. Hence, the results submit oxidative (combustion) is a more thermally efficient process compared to the non-oxidative (pyrolysis) process. Lastly, the findings indicate BMK is a potential feedstock material for future coal power generation, steel, iron ore or cement production.

Improvement of Poly(Lactic Acid) Properties by Using Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber and Polyethylene-g-Maleic Anhydride

2019 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Chawisa Wisuttrakarn ◽  
Kasana Chomphunoi ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
The Impact

This research prepared poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends before and after adding polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride with 3 wt% of maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA3) 3 phr. The effects of NBR and PE-g-MA3 on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA and PLA blends were discussed. The morphological analysis observed the two-phase morphology of PLA/NBR blends, and it was observed the cavities generated due to NBR phase detachment during sample fracture, and droplets of NBR phase at higher NBR content. The PE-g-MA3 addition could improve adhesion between PLA and NBR phases due to the decrease of cavities in PLA matrix and droplet size of NBR. The mechanical properties showed the impact strength and strain at break of PLA/NBR blends dramatically increased when the amount of NBR increasing. The addition of PE-g-MA3 significantly improved the impact strength of PLA/NBR blends. The thermal properties showed the NBR addition had effect slightly on the melting temperature of PLA/NBR blends. The filling of NBR and PE-g-MA3 greatly decreased the percent crystallinity of PLA more than two times. The thermal degradation of pure PLA and NBR proceeds by one step, while the thermal degradation process of PLA/NBR and PLA/PE-g-MA3 proceeds by two steps. Which the first step showed a large mass loss of PLA degradation and the second step showed a small mass loss of PE-g-MA and NBR degradation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Woody Cutting Waste Briquette with Paper Waste Pulp as Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida Okta Arifianti ◽  
Azmi Alvian Gabriel ◽  
Syarif Hidayatulloh ◽  
Kuntum Khoiro Ummatin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Iron Mold

The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg–1 to 4 993 kCal kg–1. The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.

Dating of ice cores from temperate glaciers - Significant mass loss in the accumulation area of the Adamello glacier indicated by the chronology of a 46 m ice core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Jenk ◽  
Daniela Festi ◽  
Margit Schwikowski ◽  
Valter Maggi ◽  
Klaus Oeggl
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Accumulation Zone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Annual Layer ◽  
Significant Mass Loss ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Significant Mass

<p>Dating glaciers is an arduous yet essential task in ice core studies, which becomes even more challenging for the dating of glaciers suffering from mass loss in the accumulation zone as result of climate warming. In this context, we present the dating of a 46 m deep ice core from the Central Italian Alps retrieved in 2016 from the Adamello glacier (Pian di Neve, 3100 m a.s.l.). We will show how the timescale for the core could be obtained by integrating results from the analyses of the radionuclides <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>137</sup>Cs with annual layer counting derived from pollen and refractory black carbon concentrations. Our results clearly indicate that the surface of the glacier is older than the drilling date of 2016 by about 20 years and that the 46 m ice core reaches back to around 1944. Despite the severe mass loss affecting this glacier even in the accumulation zone, we show that it is possible to obtain a reliable timescale for such a temperate glacier. These results are very encouraging and open new perspectives on the potential of such glaciers as informative palaeoarchives. We thus consider it important to present our dating approach to a broader audience.</p>

A review on bio-based graphene derived from biomass wastes

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9756-9785
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taqi-udeen Safian ◽  
Umirah Syafiqah Haron ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Biomass Waste

Biomass waste has become a new source for producing graphene due to its carbon-rich structure and renewable nature. In this paper, the research on the conversion of bio-based graphene from different biomass wastes is summarised and discussed. This paper reviews the methods for converting biomass to bio-based graphene. There are two approaches for thermal degradation of biomass: thermal exfoliation and carbon growth. The purpose of the thermal treatment is to increase the carbon content by removing volatile matter from the biomass polymer chain. Pre-treatments that help to break down the complex structure of the biomass are discussed; pre-treatments also remove impurities from the said biomass. Lastly, the characteristics of bio-based graphene produced from different biomass and thermal treatments are summarised.

scholarly journals A Review of Pyrolisis of Eceng Gondok (Water hyacinth) for Liquid Smoke

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Rita Dwi Ratnani ◽  
Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
16Th World ◽  
Co Gas

The growth of eceng gondok (Water hyacinth) in Rawa Pening Lake showed rapid increase.. Based on the mandate of the National Lake conference in Bali and the 16th World Lake Conference, Rawa Pening is one of the fifteen national lakes which need to be treated for its conservation. Reducing number of eceng gondok plants is one of the alternatif. However, further processing is required to treat the waste of eceng gondok. One attempt is to convert eceng gondok (water hyacinth) into liquid smoke product. This article reviewes the potency of eceng gondok for liquid smoke through pyrolisis method. The liquid smoke can be used for various applications such as preservatives, antioxidants, biopesticides and perisa disinfectants. Pyrolysis is a combustion process in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid and charcoal activated charcoal products called activated charcoal. The pyrolysis process is generally carried out at a temperature range between 200-700 °C. The pyrolysis process is one of the methods chosen in order to strive for development that suppresses the formation of CO gas but releases water vapor. Pyrolysis at a temperature of 300-700 ° C, produces the most dominant compounds 1.6 Anhyro-beta-d-glucopyranose, phenol, and acetic acid. The reaction that occurs during pyrolysis of this temperature is the release of water vapor instead of carbon gas so that it is safe for the environment. The discussion on this article focused on the production of liquid smoke from eceng gondok biomass.

scholarly journals Study on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Coal and Combustion Gas Release in Inert Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Dong ◽  
Ziming Wang ◽  
Yadong Zhang ◽  
Junyu Lu ◽  
Enhui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Reaction ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics

In this study, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to heat the coal samples of six different coalification degrees from room temperature to 1000°C at 20°C·min−1 under nitrogen atmosphere. The influence of coal degree and pyrolysis temperature on the content of pyrolysis products of coal was analyzed by the TG/DTG curve. FTIR spectroscopy was used to obtain the IR spectra of generated gases and study their variation at different temperatures in the process of coal heating without oxygen, and the gas release during pyrolysis was discussed. The results showed that the pyrolysis reaction initiated at 400°C and ended at 800°C. The maximum mass loss occurred in the temperature range of 480 to 500°C. The values of maximum and minimum weight loss rates were 32.72 and 18.89%, respectively. The mass loss during the pyrolysis process corresponded well with the volatile matter contained in the sample. Permanent gas analysis and IR spectrum analysis indicated that when the temperature was 600°C, the peak value of methane (CH4) appeared at 3016 wave, indicating the generation of CH4 at this time. When the temperature reached 700°C, the peak area of 2360 wave increased, all coal samples began to release carbon dioxide (CO2), release rate of CH4 gas decreased, and yield of CO2 was maximized. At 800°C, all peaks of 3160 wave disappeared, indicating that there was no unreacted short-chain release at this temperature. At the same time, the pyrolysis reaction tended to remove the excess hydrogen-oxygen conjugates in the carbon structure and release them in the form of water vapor.

scholarly journals Experimental determination of a mass loss of biomass pellets at different temperatures of the combustion chamber combusted in a stream of inert material

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczyńska ◽  
Konrad Kaczyński ◽  
Piotr Pełka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Mass Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures

In the herein paper, research on the mass loss of biomass pellets is presented. The research was carried out on a specially constructed test stand. In the research three types of pellet fuels were used, which were made of oak sawdust, sunflower husk and straw. The research was carried out at three different temperatures of the combustion chamber: 850°C, 750°C and 650°C. The research was carried out without inert material and mass rate flow Gs=2,5kg/m2s and Gs=5kg/m2s. Quartz sand was the inert material. It was expected that an increase in the temperature prevailing in the combustion chamber would accelerate the process of mass loss of the biomass pellet combustion. However, the results of the experiment indicated that this is not the case in every analyzed case. The mass flow rate of inert material intensifies the combustion process and accelerates the biomass pellets made of oak sawdust mass loss, but increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber accelerates the process of biomass pellets mass loss more than the mass flow rate of inert material. Based on the experimental tests carried out, it was found that biomass can be combusted in circulating fluidized bed boilers, albeit due to the diversified chemical composition of the biomass (alkali content), the boiler should be operated in such a way as to prevent the softening and melting temperature of the ash being exceeded.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficiency of a solid fuel boiler depending on the choice of combusted fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
Przemysław Pachytel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
The Real ◽  
Residential Sector

In the municipal and residential sector in Poland, as many as 50% of households are heated by solid fuel boilers. Most often these are, unfortunately, inefficient boilers, fired with low-quality coal. This study characterizes the market of boilers for solid fuels in Poland, and also presents the main apportionment of these devices, due to the different criteria that characterize them. The current legal changes in the scope of energy and emission requirements for solid fuel boilers are also discussed. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the real efficiency of the solid fuel over-fired boiler used, depending on the fuel burned in it. The process of burning selected fuels (seasoned wood, coal and pea coal) in the boiler was preceded by tests of these fuels to determine their energy parameters, such as moisture, ash content, the share of volatile matter and calorific value. In the next step, the energy efficiency obtained by the tested solid fuel boiler during the combustion of selected solid fuels was compared. The highest efficiency was achieved during the combustion of pea coal, and the lowest was achieved during the combustion of wood. In any case, the nominal efficiency value was achieved. Solutions that could improve the quality of the combustion process in this type of boiler were proposed.

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