scholarly journals Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Physiological Performance in Elite Kayaking Girls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Ghram ◽  
Farahnaz Amirshaghaghi ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Hesam Addin Akbari ◽  
Hamdi Chtourou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Hematological Markers ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The Elevation Training Mask 2.0 (ETM) has been introduced as a novel tool to allow for respiratory muscle training and altitude exposure during exercise that can improve performance and hematological markers in elite and well-trained athletes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of wearing ETM while training on erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance in elite Kayaking girls. Methods: Thirty elite Kayaking girls (14 to 18-year-old) were equally and randomly assigned into mask, no mask, and control groups. The mask and no-mask groups completed 8 weeks of repeated sprint training, while the control group performed their routine kayaking training programs. Pre- and post-training tests included EPO, VEGF, VO2max, lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance. Results: 1000-m time trial significantly decreased for mask (p < 0.001) and control (p = 0.035) groups, and was significantly lower in mask group than control (p = 0.014) and no mask (p = 0.009) groups. EPO did not show any significant changes for all groups. VEGF was increased significantly for mask (p = 0.04) and no mask (p = 0.014) groups. Lactate was decreased significantly for mask group (p = 0.025). VO2max increased significantly for no mask group (p = 0.021). Conclusion: Wearing the ETM while participating in 8 weeks of repeated sprint training might improve specific blood markers and endurance performance, especially anaerobic pathways. Performing repeated sprint training while wearing ETM has the potential to enhance performance in Kayak racing.

On- Versus Off-Bike Power Training in Professional Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Eduardo Talavera ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Sprint Training

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of resistance power training (RPT, training with the individualized load and repetitions that maximize power output) and cycling power training (CPT, short sprint training) in professional cyclists. Methods: The participants (20 [2] y, peak oxygen uptake 78.0 [4.4] mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to perform CPT (n = 8) or RPT (n = 10) in addition to their usual training regime for 7 weeks (2 sessions/wk). The training loads were continuously registered using the session rating of perceived exertion. The outcomes included endurance performance (8-min time trial and incremental test), as well as measures of muscle strength/power (1-repetition maximum and mean maximum propulsive power on the squat, hip thrust, and lunge exercises) and body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Results: No between-group differences were found for training loads or for any outcome (P > .05). Both interventions resulted in increased time-trial performance, as well as in improvements in other endurance-related outcomes (ie, ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point; P < .05). A significant or quasi-significant increase (P = .068 and .047 for CPT and RPT, respectively) in bone mineral content was observed after both interventions. A significant reduction in fat mass (P = .017), along with a trend (P = .059) toward a reduced body mass, was observed after RPT, but not CPT (P = .076 for the group × time interaction effect). Significant benefits (P < .05) were also observed for most strength-related outcomes after RPT, but not CPT. Conclusion: CPT and RPT are both effective strategies for the improvement of endurance performance and bone health in professional cyclists, although the latter tends to result in greater improvements in body composition and muscle strength/power.

scholarly journals On the Use of the Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia in Tennis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Brechbuhl ◽  
Franck Brocherie ◽  
Sarah J. Willis ◽  
Thomas Blokker ◽  
Bernard Montalvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation

PurposeTo examine physiological and technical responses to repeated-sprint training in normobaric hypoxia at ∼3,000 m (RSH, n = 11) or in normoxia (RSN, n = 11) compared to a control group (CON, n = 8) in well-trained tennis players. Participants were 28.8 ± 5.9 years old without any previous experience of training in hypoxia.MethodsIn addition to maintaining their usual training (CON), both RSH and RSN groups completed five tennis specific repeated-shuttle sprint sessions (4 × 5 × ∼8 s maximal sprints with ∼22 s passive recovery and ∼5 min rest between sets) over 12 days. Before (Pre), the week after (Post-1) and 3 weeks after Post-1 (Post-2), physical/technical performance during Test to Exhaustion Specific to Tennis (TEST), repeated-sprint ability (RSA) (8 × ∼20 m shuttle runs—departing every 20 s) and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed.ResultsFrom Pre to Post-1 and Post-2, RSH improved TEST time to exhaustion (+18.2 and +17.3%; both P &lt; 0.001), while the “onset of blood lactate accumulation” at 4 mmol L–1 occurred at later stages (+24.4 and +19.8%, both P &lt; 0.01). At the same time points, ball accuracy at 100% V̇O2max increased in RSH only (+38.2%, P = 0.003 and +40.9%, P = 0.007). Markers of TEST performance did not change for both RSN and CON. Compared to Pre, RSA total time increased significantly at Post-1 and Post-2 (−1.9 and −2.5%, P &lt; 0.05) in RSH only and this was accompanied by larger absolute Δ total hemoglobin (+82.5 and +137%, both P &lt; 0.001). HRV did not change either supine or standing positions.ConclusionFive repeated sprint training sessions in hypoxia using tennis specific shuttle runs improve physiological and technical responses to TEST, RSA, and accompanying muscle perfusion responses in well-trained tennis players.

Effect of endurance training on muscle activation and force sensation

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1765-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cafarelli ◽  
F. Liebesman ◽  
J. Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reduction In Force ◽  
Leg Cycling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

One of the consequences of endurance training is a reduction in force sensation in trained muscles at any exercise intensity. To study the central and peripheral contributions to this adaptation, we trained six male subjects with single-leg cycling at 60% [Formula: see text] peak (30 min/day × 3 days/week × 8 weeks); six others were matched controls. Measurements were made during separate 20-min, single-leg rides at 70% pre-training [Formula: see text] peak, with trained (TR), untrained (UT), and control (CT) legs, before and after training. No pre–post differences were observed in the control group. [Formula: see text] peak increased 18% (p < 0.05) in the TR leg and 6% (p < 0.05) in the UT leg of the trained subjects. Force sensation was significantly less in both the TR (70%; p < 0.05) and UT (50%; p < 0.05) legs during 20 min of single-leg cycling after training. Vastus lateralis EMG, plasma lactate, and heart rate were all significantly (p < 0.05) lower when cycling with either the TR or UT leg, which were both lower than when cycling with the CT leg, at the end of each 20-min ride. These data reflect an intramuscular environment that is better adapted to endurance performance by virtue of both central and peripheral mechanisms. Thus, there is less need to recruit additional motor units to maintain the same power output, and this reduced motor outflow leads to a decline in force sensation.Key words: kinesthesia, proprioception, electromyography, single-leg training, endurance training.

scholarly journals The effects of 20-m repeated sprint training on aerobic capacity in college volleyball players

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerimhan Kaynak ◽  
Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz ◽  
Sami Aydoğan ◽  
Dimitar Mihailov
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Experimental Group

Summary Study aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a repeated sprint training program in addition to volleyball training on the aerobic capacity of college volleyball players. Materials and methods: Eighteen male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 9, age: 21.2 ± 1.3 years) or a control (n = 9, age: 21.2 ± 1.6 years) group. Both groups followed a traditional volleyball training program three times per week for 6 weeks. The experimental group additionally performed a repeated sprint training protocol immediately before each volleyball training session. The repeated sprint training consisted of 1-3 sets of 5 × 20 m maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery between sprints and 4 min of passive recovery between sets. Before and after the 6-week training period, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion, and the repeated sprint test (10 × 20 m with a 20‑second recovery between each sprint).Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in VO2max (+7.1 ± 4.8%; p = 0.001) and running time to exhaustion (+15.8 ± 6.8%; p = 0.004) after training. The best 20-m sprint time (−2.3 ± 2.5%; p = 0.029), mean sprint time (−5.3 ± 3.1%; p = 0.001) and fatigue index (−34.1 ± 28.2%; p = 0.012) also improved significantly in the experimental group. None of these variables changed significantly in the control group (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The current findings indicate that the addition of a repeated sprint training program can improve both the aerobic capacity and anaerobic performance of college volleyball players.

scholarly journals Potato ingestion is as effective as carbohydrate gels to support prolonged cycling performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadeo F. Salvador ◽  
Colleen F. McKenna ◽  
Rafael A. Alamilla ◽  
Ryan M. T. Cloud ◽  
Alexander R. Keeble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion is an established strategy to improve endurance performance. Race fuels should not only sustain performance but also be readily digested and absorbed. Potatoes are a whole-food-based option that fulfills these criteria, yet their impact on performance remains unexamined. We investigated the effects of potato purée ingestion during prolonged cycling on subsequent performance vs. commercial CHO gel or a water-only condition. Twelve cyclists (70.7 ± 7.7 kg, 173 ± 8 cm, 31 ± 9 yr, 22 ± 5.1% body fat; means ± SD) with average peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak) of 60.7 ± 9.0 mL·kg−1·min−1 performed a 2-h cycling challenge (60–85% V̇o2peak) followed by a time trial (TT; 6 kJ/kg body mass) while consuming potato, gel, or water in a randomized-crossover design. The race fuels were administered with [U-13C6]glucose for an indirect estimate of gastric emptying rate. Blood samples were collected throughout the trials. Blood glucose concentrations were higher ( P < 0.001) in potato and gel conditions compared with water condition. Blood lactate concentrations were higher ( P = 0.001) after the TT completion in both CHO conditions compared with water condition. TT performance was improved ( P = 0.032) in both potato (33.0 ± 4.5 min) and gel (33.0 ± 4.2 min) conditions compared with water condition (39.5 ± 7.9 min). Moreover, no difference was observed in TT performance between CHO conditions ( P = 1.00). In conclusion, potato and gel ingestion equally sustained blood glucose concentrations and TT performance. Our results support the effective use of potatoes to support race performance for trained cyclists. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ingestion of concentrated carbohydrate gels during prolonged exercise has been shown to promote carbohydrate availability and improve exercise performance. Our study aim was to expand and diversify race fueling menus for athletes by providing an evidence-based whole-food alternative to the routine ingestion of gels during training and competition. Our work shows that russet potato ingestion during prolonged cycling is as effective as carbohydrate gels to support exercise performance in trained athletes.

scholarly journals Hypoxic Repeat Sprint Training Improves Rugby Player's Repeated Sprint but Not Endurance Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hamlin ◽  
Peter D. Olsen ◽  
Helen C. Marshall ◽  
Catherine A. Lizamore ◽  
Catherine A. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Repeat Sprint

scholarly journals Facilitating Endurance Performance: The Effects of Cognitive Strategies and Analgesic Suggestions

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Spink
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Control

This study examined the effects of a cognitive strategy (dissociation) and an analgesic suggestion on the duration and pain ratings of individuals performing a muscular endurance task. Thirty-six individuals were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: dissociation group, dissociation/analgesic group, and a control group. Measures of leg-holding times and subjective pain ratings were obtained twice, once before the treatment and once after the treatment. Results indicated that individuals in the dissociation/analgesic group performed significantly better on the posttest than individuals in the dissociation and control groups. No significant differences in reported pain ratings were found between any of the three groups. The findings are discussed in terms of alternative explanations. Future research directions are also provided.

No Improved Performance With Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia: A Double-Blind and Crossover Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Montero ◽  
Carsten Lundby
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Repeated Sprint

Context:Few recent studies indicate that short-term repeated-sprint (RS) training in hypoxia (RSH) improves RS performance compared with identical training under normoxic conditions (RSN) in endurance-trained subjects.Purpose:To determine the effects of RSH against RSN on RS performance under normoxic and moderate hypoxic conditions, using a randomized, doubleblind, crossover experimental design.Methods:Fifteen endurance-trained male subjects (age 25 ± 4 y) performed 4 wk of RS training (3 sessions/wk) in normobaric hypoxia (RSH, FiO2 = 13.8%) and normoxia (RSN, FiO2 = 20.9%) in a crossover manner. Before and after completion of training, RS tests were performed on a cycle ergometer with no prior exercise (RSNE), after an incremental exercise test (RSIE), and after a time-trial test (RSTT) in normoxia and hypoxia.Results:Peak power outputs at the incremental exercise test and time-trial performance were unaltered by RSH in normoxia and hypoxia. RS performance was generally enhanced by RSH, as well as RSN, but there were no additional effects of RSH over RSN on peak and mean sprint power output and the number of repeated sprints performed in the RSNE, RSIE, and RSTT trials under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.Conclusions:The present double-blind crossover study indicates that RSH does not improve RS performance compared with RSN in normoxic and hypoxic conditions in endurance-trained subjects. Therefore, caution should be exercised when proposing RSH as an advantageous method to improve exercise performance.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN SIDE JUMP SPRINT DAN SCISSOR JUMP TERHADAP DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI PADA SISWA PUTRA PESERTA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLAVOLI SMP NEGERI 3 ABIANSEMAL TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Sunarba . ◽  
Dr. I Ketut Sudiana, S.Pd. M Kes . ◽  
Gede Doddy Tisna, M.S., S.Or., M.Or. .
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan the non-randomized control group pretest posttest design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler bolavoli SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemal tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 berjumlah 45 orang, kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok dengan menggunakan teknik ordinal pairing, yaitu 15 orang diberikan pelatihan side jump sprint, 15 orang diberikan pelatihan scissor jump, dan 15 orang kelompok kontrol. Daya ledak otot tungkai diukur dengan test vertical jump. Data yang di dapat dianalisis dengan uji F (one way anova) pada taraf signifikansi (α) = 0,05 dengan bantuan komputer program SPSS 16.0. Hasil analisis data dari kelompok perlakuan side jump sprint terjadi peningkatan daya leda kotot tungkai sebesar 0,097, pada kelompok perlakuaan scissor jump sebesar 0,136 dan pada kelompok control sebesar 0,116. Hasil one awy anova variable daya ledak otot tungkai antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol didapat Fhitung 67,628 dan signifikansi 0,000 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap daya ledak otot tungkai. . Berdasarkan hasil uji least significant difference (LSD), kelompok pelatihan side jump sprint lebih baik pengaruhnya sebesar 44,733 dibandingkan pelatihan sciisor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Disimpulkan bahwa; (1) pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump berpengaruh pada peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. (2) terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. (3) pelatihan side jump sprint lebih baik dari pada pelatihan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledakotot tungkai Kata Kunci : side jump sprint , scissor jump, daya ledak otot tungkai. This research aims to know the influence of side jump sprint and scissor jump towards the improvement the explosive power of limp muscle. This research is a quasi experiment with the non-randomized control group pretest post test design. The subjects were students of extracurricular participants of volley ball at SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemal academic year 2016/2017 amounted to 45 people, then divided into 3 groups using ordinal pairing technique, 15 people were given side jump sprint training, 15 people were given scissor jump training, and 15 People control group. Limb muscle explosive power is measured by a vertical jump test. The data can be analyzed by F (one way anova) test at significance level (α) = 0,05 with computer program of SPSS 16.0. The result of data analysis from side sprint treatment group happened increased limb muscle explosive power of 0.097, in scissor jump treatment group 0.136 and control group 0.116. The result of one way anova variable of explosive muscle limb power between treatment group and control group was obtained Fcount 67,628 and significance 0,000 which mean there is difference of influence of training of side jump sprint and scissor jump on explosive power of limb muscle. . Based on the least significant difference (LSD) test results, the side jump sprint training group had a better effect of 44.733 than the scissor jump training on increasing the muscle limb power. It was concluded that; (1) the training of side jump sprints and scissor jumps has an effect on increasing the muscle tone of the leg muscles. (2) there is a difference in the effect of training of side jump sprint and scissor jump on the increase of explosive power of limb muscle. (3) side jump sprint training is better than scissor jump training on increasing the limbs . keyword : side jump sprint, scissor jump, explosive muscle limb power.

scholarly journals AN IMPACT OF LAND AEROBICS AND WATER EXERCISE ON CARDIO VASCULAR ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE AMONG COLLEGE MEN STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Dr. V. A. Manickam
Keyword(s):  
College Men ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men Students ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Water Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study was to find out the Impact of Land Aerobics and Water Exercise on Cardio Respiratory Endurance Performance among college men Students. To attain the purpose Sixty (N=60) College men students were selected. The subjects were selected equally into three groups of 20 each namely; land aerobics group, water aerobics group and control group. Cardiovascular endurance was selected as dependent variable for this study and it was assessed by Cooper’s 12 minutes run/walk test. The training was resisted to 12 weeks and the number of sessions was limited to 3 days per week. The data for pre and post intervention was taken. Independent ‘t’ test showed significant differences (0.05 Level) in Cardiovascular endurance among the groups. Land Aerobics are superior than Water Aerobics in Cardiovascular endurance. The present study demonstrated that differences in Cardiovascular endurance among Land and Water Aerobic and Control group. Land Aerobic Exercise may have potential role of increasing Cardiovascular endurance. KEYWORDS: Land Aerobics, water Aerobics Cardiovascular endurance.

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