Potential of Sunflower-Legume Intercropping: A Way Forward in Sustainable Production of Sunflower in Temperate Climatic Conditions

Changing climate conditions coupled with the transformations of cultivation practices and land use in sole crop-based sunflower production may significantly decline yield stability of this oilseed crop. Given that sunflower takes the third place in the world oilseed market, with 45 million tons per year, and in the fourth place in vegetable oil production, it is necessary to adapt production technologies toward sustainable agriculture. Considering that, the goal of the research was to analyze and beneficial sustainable production technology of sunflower in intercropping systems. A four-year trial was conducted in Serbia’s agroecological rain-fed conditions (45°34’23.2"N 19°86’18.9"E) using a split-plot design. Two oil types and one confectionary sunflower hybrid were intercropped with common vetch, red clover and alfalfa. Analyses showed that intercropping of sunflower with common vetch resulted in the decrease in almost all sunflower trait values. Also, sunflower × alfalfa intercropping provided to be the most appropriate. The yield of NS Gricko and Rimi PR were statistically on the same level with sole cropping, while alfalfa biomass had better results when intercropped with NS Gricko as compared to sole cropping. Concerning the general belief that yields are more stable in intercropping than in sole crop, further research in this respect is needed, in addition to the research of time and method of sowing.

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Potential of Sunflower-Legume Intercropping: A Way Forward in Sustainable Production of Sunflower in Temperate Climatic Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2381

Author(s):

Brankica Babec ◽

Srđan Šeremešić ◽

Nada Hladni ◽

Nemanja Ćuk ◽

Dušan Stanisavljević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Red Clover ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Oil Market ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Almost All ◽

Fourth Position ◽

Plot Design ◽

Sunflower Production

The ongoing climate change, coupled with the transformations of cultivation practices and land use in sole crop production, may cause a significant decline in sunflower yield stability. Considering that the sunflower is the third oilseed in the world oilseed market, with 45 million tons of grain per year, and that it takes the fourth position in the vegetable oil market, the implementation of sustainable growing technology in sunflower production is a necessity. Considering the above, the goal of the research was to analyze and recommend sustainable sunflower production technology in intercropping systems. A four-year trial was conducted in Serbia’s agroecological conditions (45∘34′23.2′′ N 19∘86′18.9′′ E) using a split-plot design. Two oil-type hybrids and one confectionary-type hybrid were intercropped with common vetch, red clover, and alfalfa. Common vetch × sunflower intercropping resulted in the decrease in almost all sunflower traits. Moreover, sunflower × alfalfa intercropping proved to be the most appropriate. The yield of NS Gricko and Rimi PR were statistically on the same level with sole cropping, while alfalfa biomass had better results after alfalfa was intercropped with NS Gricko, as compared to sole cropping. In view of the prevailing belief that yields are more stable in intercropping than in sole cropping, further research is needed in this respect, in addition to further research of the time and method of sowing.

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Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp4.03.062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 62-72

Author(s):

O. Zhukorsky ◽

O. Nykyforuk ◽

N. Boltyk

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Emissions Inventory ◽

Theoretical Substantiation ◽

Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

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Relationship between Relative Maturity and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Northwest New Mexico for the 2003–2019 Period

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10070290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Koffi Djaman ◽

Curtis Owen ◽

Margaret M. West ◽

Samuel Allen ◽

Komlan Koudahe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

Production Optimization ◽

Science Center ◽

Early Season ◽

Climate Conditions

The highly variable weather under changing climate conditions affects the establishment and the cutoff of crop growing season and exposes crops to failure if producers choose non-adapted relative maturity that matches the characteristics of the crop growing season. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maize hybrid relative maturity and the grain yield and determine the relative maturity range that will sustain maize production in northwest New Mexico (NM). Different relative maturity maize hybrids were grown at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington ((Latitude 36.69° North, Longitude 108.31° West, elevation 1720 m) from 2003 to 2019 under sprinkler irrigation. A total of 343 hybrids were grouped as early and full season hybrids according to their relative maturity that ranged from 93 to 119 and 64 hybrids with unknown relative maturity. The crops were grown under optimal management condition with no stress of any kind. The results showed non-significant increase in grain yield in early season hybrids and non-significant decrease in grain yield with relative maturity in full season hybrids. The relative maturity range of 100–110 obtained reasonable high grain yields and could be considered under the northwestern New Mexico climatic conditions. However, more research should target the evaluation of different planting date coupled with plant population density to determine the planting window for the early season and full season hybrids for the production optimization and sustainability.

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Forage Potential of Cereal/Legume Intercrops: Agronomic Performances, Yield, Quality Forage and LER in Two Harvesting Times in a Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Monica Bacchi ◽

Michele Monti ◽

Antonio Calvi ◽

Emilio Lo Presti ◽

Antonio Pellicanò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Green Fodder

The crop yield and quality of seven annual forages (four grasses and three legumes) in sole crop and in mixtures (ratio 50:50) for oat (Avena sativa L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were evaluated in a two-year field experiment adopting two harvesting times, green fodder and silage. The main bio-agronomic traits, dry matter forage yield (DMY) and quantity of crude protein (CP) were determined in both sole crop and intercrop. The land equivalent ratio (LER) was used for evaluating biological efficiency and competitive ability of the intercrops. Our results showed that the total calculated LER for fodder and protein yields was always greater than one and corresponded to crop yield advantages of 16.0% and 11.5%, respectively. Our data also highlighted the low competitive ability of the ryegrass in intercrop, which achieved the lowest yield among all the mixtures. Conversely, the same grass showed the best green fodder quality, due to the high incidence of the legume, equal (on average) to 46%. Triticale and barley, harvested for silage (hard dough stage), provided the best quantitative and qualitative results both in sole crop and intercropped with common vetch and pea, determined mainly by the cereal grain.

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Reproductive traits and floral visitors of Aechmea distichantha plants growing in different habitats of a South American xerophytic forest

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201869210 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 385-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodrigo M. Freire ◽

Ignacio M. Barberis ◽

José L. Vesprini

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Traits ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Similar Proportion ◽

South American ◽

The Sun ◽

Carpenter Bee ◽

Carpenter Bees ◽

Vegetative Traits ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Almost All

Abstract Aechmea distichantha, a widely-distributed facultative epiphytic bromeliad species, is present from rainforests to xerophytic forests. At its southernmost distribution (Humid Chaco) it grows in the understory and forest edges. This animal-pollinated bromeliad shows high phenotypic plasticity on its vegetative traits, but there is no information about plasticity on its reproductive traits. Infructescences from shade plants were heavier, had longer rachis, more spikelets, higher number of fruits/spikelet and higher number of seeds/fruit than those from sun plants, but they presented similar number of open flowers. The number of visitation events was similar in both habitats, but more flowers were visited in the sun than in the shade. Flowers were visited by seven species (six insects and one hummingbird). In the sun, the carpenter bee was the most frequent visitor and visited almost all flowers, whereas in the shade different species of visitors attained similar proportion of visits and number of visited flowers. Despite visitation events were similar in both habitats, plants growing in the shade set more seeds/fruit than plants growing in the sun. The higher proportion of visits accomplished by carpenter bees compared to hummingbirds is probably a consequence of the climatic conditions in the austral location of these populations.

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INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-129 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1071-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LUCIUS BELZILE

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cultivar Group ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

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Creating and Characterisation of New Red Clover Variety ‘Jancis’/ Sarkanâ Âboliòa Ðíirnes ‘Jancis’ Izveidoðana Un Tâs Raksturojums

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/prolas-2014-0021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (3-4) ◽

pp. 180-183

Author(s):

Biruta Jansone ◽

Sarmīte Rancāne ◽

Pēteris Bērziņš ◽

Aldis Jansons

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Red Clover ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Family Selection ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Bright Pink ◽

Long Stem ◽

Dark Green ◽

High Seed Yield

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop a red clover variety adapted to agro-climatic conditions of Latvia, suitable for different requirements of forage producers, resistant to most widespread diseases and producing high seed yield annually. Medium late ripening diploid red clover variety ‘Jancis’ was created at the LLU Research Institute of Agriculture in long-term work carried out since 1985. After free pollination of best samples of red clover collections from the VIR (St. Petersburg), individual and family selection among hybrids were carried out for approximately 20 years. Finally, best breeding line Nr. 43047 was registered as a variety ‘Jancis’. The variety is characterised by good winter hardiness, high dry matter yield (10-12 t·ha-1) and good persistence in the sward - up to 3-4 years. The variety is characterised by a long stem (90-110 cm) with 8-9 internodes, dark green leaves with a distinctive brighter picture, medium length and width of medial leaflet, and bright pink flower heads. ‘Jancis’ has stable annual seed yield in the conditions of Latvia; under favourable conditions reaching 500- 600 kg·ha-1 seeds. Since 2010, the variety ‘Jancis’ has been included in the common Latvian and EU Plant Variety Catalogue.

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The use of natural conditions of the high alpine province of Dagestan for reproduction of prospective varieties and hybrids of potato

Kartofel` i ovoshi ◽

10.25630/pav.2021.67.60.001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

В.К. Сердеров ◽

Д.В. Сердерова

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Potato Varieties ◽

Caspian Lowland ◽

The Republic ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Almost All ◽

The Cost ◽

Mountain Province

Большое значение в увеличении продуктивности картофеля имеет внедрение в производство перспективных высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к местным природно-климатическим условиям возделывания, от чего зависят эффективность отрасли и себестоимость продукции. Цель работы – изучить влияние климатических условий на продуктивность и качественные показатели сортов и гибридов картофеля, а также использование ими благоприятных почвенно-климатических условий высокогорья Республики Дагестан, для размножения и внедрения в производство новых перспективных, высокоурожайных, приспособленных к условиям среды выращивания сортов картофеля с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Объектом изучения послужили сорта картофеля раннего, среднераннего и среднего сроков созревания российской, белорусской и иностранной селекции. Полевые опыты закладывали в 2014–2017 годах на высоте 2000–2200 м, на землях горного опорного пункта «Курахский» Курахского района и на равнинной провинции (Прикаспийской низменности) на территории дачного массива «Наука» Махачкалинского района Республики Дагестан. Схема посадки – 70×30 см, повторность – четырехкратная. Технология выращивания картофеля – гребневая. При проведении полевых опытов использовали общепринятые методики. Практически все сорта картофеля, выращенные на равнинной провинции, сформировали высокий урожай в первый год и при дальнейшем размножении в результате развития вирусных болезней резко снизили свои продуктивные качества. Наиболее высокая урожайность в среднем за три года отмечена у сортов Жуковский ранний (20,8 т/га), Импала (20,5 т/га), Невский (17,8 т/га), Предгорный (16,9 т/га) и Удача (16,3 т/га). В свою очередь, горная провинция Дагестана характеризовалась благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями для возделывания как продовольственного картофеля, так и для организации первичного семеноводства на безвирусной основе и размножения перспективных сортов этой культуры. В среднем за годы исследований в горной провинции по урожайности выделились сорта Сильвана (37,4 т/га), Удача (37,6 т/га), Рокко (33,3 т/га), Импала (31,7 т/га), Жуковский ранний (29,0 т/га), Предгорный (27,7 т/га) и Примобелла (27,7 т/га), а также гибриды № 12.40/17 (43,1 т/га) и № 13.61/61 (38,8 т/га). The introduction of promising high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the local natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is of great importance in increasing the productivity of potatoes, which determines the efficiency of the industry and the cost of production. The aim of the work is to study the influence of climatic conditions on the productivity and quality indicators of potato varieties and hybrids, as well as their use of favorable soil and climatic conditions in the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan, for breeding and introducing into production new promising, high-yielding, adapted to the growing environment of potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The object of the study was potato varieties of early, mid-early and medium maturation periods of Russian, Belarusian and foreign selection. Field experiments were conducted in 2014–2017 at an altitude of 2000–2200 m, on the lands of the mountain stronghold Kurakhsky of the Kukhar district and on the plain province (the Caspian lowland) on the territory of the suburban area Nauka of the Makhachkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. The landing scheme is 70×30 cm, the repeatability is four times. The technology of growing potatoes is combed. When conducting field experiments, generally accepted methods were used. Almost all potato varieties grown in the lowland province formed a high yield in the first year and, with further propagation, as a result of the development of viral diseases, sharply reduced their productive qualities. The highest yield on average for three years was observed in the varieties Zhukovskiy ranniy (20.8 t/ha), Impala (20.5 t/ha), Nevsky (17.8 t/ha), Predgornyy (16.9 t/ha) and Udacha (16.3 t/ha). In turn, the mountain province of Dagestan was characterized by favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of both food potatoes, and for the organization of primary seed production on a virus-free basis and the reproduction of promising varieties of this crop. On average, over the years of research in the mountain province, the varieties Silvana (37.4 t/ha), Udacha (37.6 t/ha), Rocco (33.3 t/ha), Impala (31.7 t/ha), Zhukovskiy ranniy (29.0 t/ha), Predgornyy (27.7 t/ha) and Primobella (27.7 t/ha), as well as hybrids No.12.40/17 (43.1 t/ha) and No.13.61/61 (38.8 t/ha) were distinguished by yield.

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FAME (v1.0): a simple module to simulate the effect of planktonic foraminifer species-specific habitat on their oxygen isotopic content

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-11-3587-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3587-3603 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Didier M. Roche ◽

Claire Waelbroeck ◽

Brett Metcalfe ◽

Thibaut Caley

Keyword(s):

Late Holocene ◽

Simple Module ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Model Data ◽

Planktonic Foraminifer ◽

Planktonic Foraminifers ◽

Oxygen Isotopic ◽

Species Specific ◽

Almost All ◽

Multiproxy Approach

Abstract. The oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 ratio recorded in fossil planktonic foraminifer shells has been used for over 50 years in many geoscience applications. However, different planktonic foraminifer species generally yield distinct signals, as a consequence of their specific living habitats in the water column and along the year. This complexity is usually not taken into account in model–data integration studies. To overcome this shortcoming, we developed the Foraminifers As Modeled Entities (FAME) module. The module predicts the presence or absence of commonly used planktonic foraminifers and their oxygen-18 values. It is only forced by hydrographic data and uses a very limited number of parameters, almost all derived from culture experiments. FAME performance is evaluated using the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface (MARGO) Late Holocene planktonic foraminifer calcite oxygen-18 and abundance datasets. The application of FAME to a simple cooling scenario demonstrates its utility to predict changes in planktonic foraminifer oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 ratio in response to changing climatic conditions.

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Human occupation strategies and related environmental-climate during the middle and late Holocene in central Pampas of Argentina

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683618810407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 244-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pablo G Messineo ◽

Marcela S Tonello ◽

Silvina Stutz ◽

Alfonsina Tripaldi ◽

Nahuel Scheifler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Holocene ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Hard Material ◽

Human Occupation ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Lithic Assemblage ◽

Depositional Rate ◽

Archeological Site ◽

Middle And Late Holocene

The main objective of this work is to generate and integrate interpretations of human occupation strategies and inferences of the environmental-climatic conditions in the central Pampas during the middle and late Holocene. We present a novel archeological–geological–paleoecological analysis in the area of the Cabeza de Buey lake, placed in an aeolian landscape. During the middle Holocene, two events of human occupations were recognized at Laguna Cabeza de Buey 2 archeological site. Both events present a small amount of lithic materials, a low diversity of tools and activities developed with them (principally hard material), and the hunting and primary processing of artiodactyls. These evidences suggest a locus of specific activity associated with an ephemeral human settlement under climate conditions drier than present and the presence of small, brackish, and shallow water bodies. For the late late Holocene, the hunter-gatherer occupation has a higher depositional rate of lithic assemblage, stones with diverse origins, presence of pottery fragments, a great lithic tool diversity, knapping techniques, and activities developed with these tools (processing wood, bone, hide, non-woody plant, and soft material). These evidences reveal an occupation with a higher degree of recurrence represented by a locus of multiple activities associated with a more stable landscape, such as an environment of dunes fixed by grass vegetation, and the establishment of a permanent water body. The different environmental characteristics for the middle and late Holocene in this area promoted that human groups develop two different patterns of mobility, settlement and use of space.

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