Induction of Cooperative Behavior Through Exchange of Nonverbal Information

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzo Takahashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Nonverbal Information ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Behavioral Information

In this study, the process of inducing mutual cooperation among workers in a remote work environment (telework) was experimentally examined. The gambling task developed by Payne was used, and subjects were not given information regarding their partners’ reputations. In addition, subjects and their partners completed the task in different rooms to avoid the effects of verbal and nonverbal communication. Subjects knew only which buttons their partners pushed, i.e., their behavior in the remote work environment. The number of experimental trials was 100. We found that cooperative behavior was induced by the 33rd trial. Although subjects did not know their partners’ reputations, cooperative behavior arose as subjects saw which buttons their partners pushed. In a control experiment, the subjects competed with a computer, and the results suggested that cooperative behavior was not induced when a human subject competed with a computer. Overall, the results suggest that an exchange of nonverbal behavioral information was necessary for inducing cooperative behavior.

ORGANIZATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL IN A REMOTE WORK ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THI HA MY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

With the rapid development and widespread use of technology, business processes are being transformed. One of the consequences of the implementation of technologies into the business is the partial transition to remote work, which made it necessary to reflect the corresponding changes in the internal control system (IC). The article is devoted to the analysis of the main shortcomings identified during the transition to the remote mode, in response to which measures are proposed to adapt the IC to the conditions of remote work. Identifies the following areas for improvement of the internal control system. In response to the identified areas successful practical examples are analyzed and potential measures are proposed in the context of the elements identified in the COSO conceptual framework and methodological documents of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Adoption of Satellite Offices in Response to a Pandemic: Sustainability and Infection Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8008
Author(s):  
Seungbeom Kim ◽  
Yooneun Lee ◽  
Byungchul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Office Environment ◽  
Potential Risks

The office environment has changed rapidly due to the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Companies consider various types of remote work environments to contain the spread of the virus. Among them, a satellite office is a type of remote work environment where a number of employees are allocated to their nearest office. The benefits from satellite offices are twofold: The significant reduction of travel distance also reduces the amount of carbon emission and fuel consumption. In addition, dividing employees into smaller groups significantly reduces the potential risks of infection in the office. This paper addresses a satellite office allocation problem that considers social and environmental sustainability and infection control at work. In order to evaluate the effect of different satellite office allocation, quantitative measures are developed for the following three criteria: carbon emission, fuel consumption, and the probability of infection occurrence at work. Simulation experiments are conducted to investigate different scenarios of regional infection rate and modes of transportation. The results show that adopting satellite offices not only reduces carbon emission and fuel consumption, but also mitigates business disruption in the pandemic.

scholarly journals Research on the Cooperative Behavior of Academic Papers Published by Chinese Educational Scholars Based on Complex Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Bichu Li ◽  
Ziliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Chinese Education ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Aggregation Effect

Research on mutual cooperation among scholars or research institutions has become more and more common. Thepurpose of this paper is to explore the current status of cooperation between scholars and research institutions in thefield of Chinese education. In this paper, we use the method of the complex network to analyze the cooperativebehavior of academic papers published by Chinese educational scholars by collecting academic papers on educationleadership, education policy, quality education, and vocational education. Our conclusions show that most of theacademic papers published by Chinese educational scholars are non-cooperative. In the authors of the co-authoredpapers, there is a significant "Matthew effect", that is, some key scholars in these fields that link the collaborators.Lastly, there is no obvious aggregation effect between the authors of the co-authored papers which indicating awidespread and extensive connection between the collaborators. The above conclusions provide valuable insightsinto our understanding of the cooperative behavior of Chinese education scholars.

scholarly journals Greater effects of mutual cooperation and defection on subsequent cooperation in direct reciprocity games than generalized reciprocity games: Behavioral experiments and analysis using multilevel models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242607
Author(s):  
Yutaka Horita
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Shift Strategy ◽  
Better Than

Reciprocity toward a partner’s cooperation is a fundamental behavioral strategy underlying human cooperation not only in interactions with familiar persons but also with strangers. However, a strategy that takes into account not only one’s partner’s previous action but also one’s own previous action—such as a win-stay lose-shift strategy or variants of reinforcement learning—has also been considered an advantageous strategy. This study investigated empirically how behavioral models can be used to explain the variances in cooperative behavior among people. To do this, we considered games involving either direct reciprocity (an iterated prisoner’s dilemma) or generalized reciprocity (a gift-giving game). Multilevel models incorporating inter-individual behavioral differences were fitted to experimental data using Bayesian inference. The results indicate that for these two types of games, a model that considers both one’s own and one’s partner’s previous actions fits the empirical data better than the other models. In the direct reciprocity game, mutual cooperation or defection—rather than relying solely on one’s partner’s previous actions—affected the increase or decrease, respectively, in subsequent cooperation. Whereas in the generalized reciprocity game, a weaker effect of mutual cooperation or defection on subsequent cooperation was observed.

Leading Through a Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mary Piorun ◽  
Regina Fisher Raboin ◽  
Jessica Kilham ◽  
Martha Meacham ◽  
Vivian Okyere
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Leadership Team ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Academic Health ◽  
Conscious Decision

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Lamar Soutter Library was faced with moving off campus and into a remote work environment. As the crisis unfolded, it was critical for staff to experience a unified leadership team that was dedicated to their well-being, empathetic to the unprecedented situation, and committed to providing exceptional service. At that time, library leaders made a conscious decision to apply the principles of servant leadership as the framework for how, as a team, the library would see its way through the pandemic. What follows is a case study in the application of servant leadership in an academic health sciences library during the COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Remote Working Environment Challenges in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Ahmad. N Al- Rfou
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Job Level ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Level Of Significance

As a result of the COVID 19 pandemic, employees have begun working remotely from home, which has resulted in new challenges in the work environment. The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges of the remote work environment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the level of these challenges according to the worker’s gender and job. This study was conducted on 11 Jordanian IT companies at the end of 2020. The intentional sample was used,125 valid questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results show that the respondents' perceptions of the challenges of the remote work environment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were high. There are also statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) for the level of challenges in the remote working environment according to gender (male/female) in favor of females and according to job level (supervisory or non-supervisory) in favor of non-supervisory jobs. To increase organisational performance, all parties—employees, families, and management—must cooperate to overcome the challenges of the remote work environment.

scholarly journals Whom do you trust? Personality and previous behavior of the counterpart as determinants of trust and cooperation in a trust game

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafina Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Personality Scale ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Behavioral Information

This experiment investigated cooperative behavior in a two-person one-shot trust game by manipulating two types of information about the players - personality and previous behavior. When information about the counterpart was consistent, participants used the simple strategy to trust and reciprocate to trustworthy individuals and do the opposite with untrustworthy ones. When information was inconsistent, mainly behavioral information determined the decision to trust. Personality information mattered more for the choice to reciprocate. Different response patterns emerged depending on whether the participants were trusted with a big or a small endowment. Results support intention-based models of cooperative behavior, confirming that people use the opportunity to punish and reward. The Machiavellian personality scale designed to detect non-cooperators was administered but previous findings were not replicated.

scholarly journals Social dilemmas with manifest and unknown networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-39
Author(s):  
Armando Razo
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Bayesian Equilibrium ◽  
Aggregate Network ◽  
Network Estimation ◽  
Distributional Impact

Scholarly consensus that social ties resolve social dilemmas is largely predicated on common knowledge of networks. But what happens when people do not know all relevant social ties? Does network uncertainty translate into worse outcomes? I address these concerns by advancing the notion of a Network Estimation Bayesian Equilibrium to examine cooperative behavior under different epistemic conditions. When networks are common knowledge, I find that all possible outcomes of an original cooperation game can be realized in equilibrium, albeit with a higher likelihood of defection for more connected players. Variable knowledge of the network also has a distributional impact. With incomplete network knowledge, it’s possible to observe reversed equilibrium behavior when more connected players actually cooperate more often than less connected ones. In fact, aggregate network uncertainty in some social contexts incentivizes more mutual cooperation than would be the case with common knowledge of all social ties.

Knowledge Sharing in a Digital, Remote, and Disrupted World

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Dana Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Knowledge Management Practices

Trust is a critical element when building knowledge management practices within an organization. For individuals and teams to share knowledge and collaborate, they must form a relationship that is based on trust. The role of trust within knowledge-sharing, and therefore collaboration and cooperation, will be discussed. In a multinational, distributed, remote work environment, colleagues will interact with content created by their peers before they interact with them, and therefore, digital repositories and content become an extension of the trust relationship between colleagues and even the organization itself. The trust required to facilitate knowledge-sharing will need to be extended to these digital environments so that the organization can maintain its competitive advantage and the benefits of effective knowledge management practices.

BALANCING AGAINST THREATS IN INTERACTIONS DETERMINED BY DISTANCE AND OVERALL GAINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850012
Author(s):  
MATUS HALAS
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Policy Behavior ◽  
Foreign Policy Behavior

Actors in the Prisoner’s Dilemma agent-based model presented here decide between cooperation and defection in binary interactions determined by distance and overall gains. The paper thus tries to answer one of the fundamental questions of international politics: how does cooperative behavior perform in an environment governed by power and location? Two kinds of noise and the reward for mutual cooperation oscillating between temptation and punishment payoffs with a variable speed were added similarly like few completely new strategies inspired by foreign policy behavior of states. The initial success of generous reciprocal altruists is no surprise, but the lacking relationship between frequency of interactions and cooperativeness at the level of pairs already suggests some similarity with the system of states. Yet, the most important outcome is victory of the balance of threat strategy in all reruns with a heterogeneous pool of actors, despite the fact that this strategy was one of the least cooperative ones. At the same time, rules pre-selected by their success in the homogeneous and cooperative environment were still able to sustain intensive cooperation among themselves even within the heterogeneous pool of strategies.

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