Development of Movable and Deployable ICT Resource Unit (MDRU) and its Overseas Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Shimizu ◽  
Yasuo Suzuki ◽  
Ryota Sasazawa ◽  
Yuichi Kawamoto ◽  
Hiroki Nishiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Resident Participation ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Ict Service ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Set Up

Based on the lessons learned from the East Japan Great Earthquake of March 11, 2011, the authors have been engaged in the research and development of movable and deployable information and communication technology (ICT) resource units (MDRUs), which provide immediate and minimally required ICT service in areas struck by disaster. The MDRU is a transportable unit that contains equipment necessary for ICT service provisions and is designed to be quickly transported to and set up in affected areas after a natural disaster has struck. The unit is used to quickly construct a wireless local network in the area, and thus provide immediate and minimally required ICT service to the people in the area. In this paper, we describe MDRU technology and other technologies that lead to improved performance and/or service when connected or linked up with the unit. Along with this development, we have conducted various activities aimed at its international deployment. Specifically, we conducted trials with resident participation in the Philippines and Nepal to verify the validity of these technologies overseas, where we were able to confirm its validity under various conditions. Furthermore, we have undertaken activities for its standardization, and have succeeded in the standardization of MDRU at International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).

scholarly journals The graph neural networking challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
José Suárez-Varela ◽  
Miquel Ferriol-Galmés ◽  
Albert López ◽  
Paul Almasan ◽  
Guillermo Bernárdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Broad Audience

During the last decade, Machine Learning (ML) has increasingly become a hot topic in the field of Computer Networks and is expected to be gradually adopted for a plethora of control, monitoring and management tasks in real-world deployments. This poses the need to count on new generations of students, researchers and practitioners with a solid background in ML applied to networks. During 2020, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has organized the "ITU AI/ML in 5G challenge", an open global competition that has introduced to a broad audience some of the current main challenges in ML for networks. This large-scale initiative has gathered 23 different challenges proposed by network operators, equipment manufacturers and academia, and has attracted a total of 1300+ participants from 60+ countries. This paper narrates our experience organizing one of the proposed challenges: the "Graph Neural Networking Challenge 2020". We describe the problem presented to participants, the tools and resources provided, some organization aspects and participation statistics, an outline of the top-3 awarded solutions, and a summary with some lessons learned during all this journey. As a result, this challenge leaves a curated set of educational resources openly available to anyone interested in the topic.

scholarly journals Propagation measurements and analysis on MF and HF bands in urban areas in The Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koos T.W.H. Fockens ◽  
Robert Vogt-Ardatjew ◽  
Frank Leferink
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Propagation Measurement ◽  
Ground Wave

Using a new propagation measurement set-up, which produces a high number of data, enabling a proper statistical analysis, and resulting in very concise results, propagation measurements were performed and analized at 16 residential locations in The Netherlands in the frequency range from 1.8 to 28 MHz. In the whole frequency range the propagation loss appear to be higher than according the International Telecommunication Union ground-wave propagation model might be expected. Also typical characteristics of that model are not present, but instead the propagation shows a constant roll-off in dBs per decade, which slope is increasing with frequency. A regression curve could be established, and constants filled in. This statistical information may be used for building an accumulation model to lay a causality between source powers, source densities, and local Man-Made Noise levels.<br><br>

scholarly journals Propagation measurements and analysis on MF and HF bands in urban areas in The Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koos T.W.H. Fockens ◽  
Robert Vogt-Ardatjew ◽  
Frank Leferink
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Propagation Measurement ◽  
Ground Wave

Using a new propagation measurement set-up, which produces a high number of data, enabling a proper statistical analysis, and resulting in very concise results, propagation measurements were performed and analized at 16 residential locations in The Netherlands in the frequency range from 1.8 to 28 MHz. In the whole frequency range the propagation loss appear to be higher than according the International Telecommunication Union ground-wave propagation model might be expected. Also typical characteristics of that model are not present, but instead the propagation shows a constant roll-off in dBs per decade, which slope is increasing with frequency. A regression curve could be established, and constants filled in. This statistical information may be used for building an accumulation model to lay a causality between source powers, source densities, and local Man-Made Noise levels.<br><br>

The International Telecommunication Union: Origin and Role

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Lyall
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
International Body ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Modern Technologies

Integral to modern life, electrical telecommunications have to work within the constraints set by the unalterable laws of physics. Transborder systems require that technologies and protocols be harmonized if there is to be interconnectivity and interoperability. International agreements on wired services date back to the 1850s. Separate bodies set up to deal with international communications in east and west Europe, were brought together in 1865 in a single international body, the International Telegraph Union. Wireless communication—radio—presented the additional problem of broadcast signals interfering with each other. From 1906, it was regulated on the basis of principles that still undergird the modern arrangements, but no formal international body was established for the purpose. Instead, radio was dealt with by a sequence of plenipotentiary conferences. The separate regimes for wired and wireless services were united in 1932 when the International Telecommunication Union was established. The 193-member union is the UN specialized agency that deals with all forms of telecommunication. It underwent a major reconstruction in 1992–1994 in order to cope with modern technologies and now works within a four-year cycle. Its institutions are its plenipotentiary conference, a council, a secretariat, and three sectors responsible, respectively, for development, standardization, and radio communication. Each of these last three has a bureau and holds international world and regional conferences, and is aided by a large number of specialized study groups. In radiocommunication, that sector supervises the operation of the Radio Regulations, in which a Table of Allocations prescribes which radio frequencies are used for what purpose and maintains a Master International Frequency Register, which records the active frequency assignments made by states to transmitting stations under their control. Its work has increased markedly with development of high-frequency systems and the proliferation of satellite systems serving various purposes.

International Telecommunication Union

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Keyword(s):  
Study Group ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year

The ninth Plenipotentiary Conference of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) took place in Montreux, Switzerland, between September 14 and November 12, 1965, under the chairmanship of Gustav-Adolf Wettstein (Switzerland). The main task of the Conference was the revision of the previous Convention, drawn up by the preceding Plenipotentiary Conference in Geneva in 1959. The new Convention was to enter into force on January 1, 1967. In one of its major decisions the Conference agreed in principle on a Constitutional Charter eventually to replace the Convention, and it instructed the Administrative Council to set up a study group to prepare the draft of such a charter in sufficient time for it to be distributed at least one year prior to the next Conference, scheduled to be held in 1971. The Conference approved the Union's accounts for the years 1959–1964 and fixed the limits of expenditure for the period 1966–1971, providing for slight annual increases in this expenditure. It also approved the purchase of the new headquarters building by December 31, 1965.

scholarly journals The Challenging but Imperative Path to Monoclonal Antibody Use Against COVID-19 for a Small Overseas Military Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Shirk ◽  
Danielle Kerr ◽  
Crystal Saraceni ◽  
Garret Hand ◽  
Michael Terrenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Naval Hospital

ABSTRACT Upon the U.S. FDA approval in early November for a monoclonal antibody proven to potentially mitigate adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, our small overseas community hospital U.S. Naval Hospital Rota, Spain (USNH Rota) requested and received a limited number of doses. Concurrently, our host nation, which previously had reported the highest number of daily deaths from COVID-19, was deep within a second wave of infections, increasing hospital admissions, near intensive care unit capacity, and deaths. As USNH Rota was not normally equipped for the complex infusion center required to effectively deliver the monoclonal antibody, we coordinated a multi-directorate and multidisciplinary effort in order to set up an infusion room that could be dedicated to help with our fight against COVID. Identifying a physician team lead, with subject matter experts from nursing, pharmacy, facilities, and enlisted corpsmen, our team carefully ensured that all requisite steps were set up in advance in order to be able to identify the appropriate patients proactively and treat them safely with the infusion that has been clinically proven to decrease hospital admissions and mortality. Additional benefits included the establishment of an additional negative pressure room near our emergency room for both COVID-19 patients and, when needed, the monoclonal antibody infusion. In mid-January, a COVID-19-positive patient meeting the clinical criteria for monoclonal antibody infusion was safely administered this potentially life-saving medication, a first for small overseas hospitals. Here, we describe the preparation, challenges, obstacles, lessons learned, and successful outcomes toward effectively using the monoclonal antibody overseas.

scholarly journals A line-of-sight channel model for the 100–450 gigahertz frequency band

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonas Kokkoniemi ◽  
Janne Lehtomäki ◽  
Markku Juntti
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Absorption Loss ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Actual Response

AbstractThis paper documents a simple parametric polynomial line-of-sight channel model for 100–450 GHz band. The band comprises two popular beyond fifth generation (B5G) frequency bands, namely, the D band (110–170 GHz) and the low-THz band (around 275–325 GHz). The main focus herein is to derive a simple, compact, and accurate molecular absorption loss model for the 100–450 GHz band. The derived model relies on simple absorption line shape functions that are fitted to the actual response given by complex but exact database approach. The model is also reducible for particular sub-bands within the full range of 100–450 GHz, further simplifying the absorption loss estimate. The proposed model is shown to be very accurate by benchmarking it against the exact response and the similar models given by International Telecommunication Union Radio Communication Sector. The loss is shown to be within ±2 dBs from the exact response for one kilometer link in highly humid environment. Therefore, its accuracy is even much better in the case of usually considered shorter range future B5G wireless systems.

Credit—Without Banking—In Early Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Szászdi
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
College Professors ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Financial Expert ◽  
Set Up ◽  
State Of Affairs

The title of this article seems to give the impression that its author is a financial expert. Unhappily, this is not the case. But—for quite unknown reasons—college professors are apt to acquire some empirical knowledge of credit facilities. Besides, I do not intend to give practical advice to anybody. I shall only try to show, how people in Puerto Rico, a century and a half ago, managed to survive—and at times prosper—in the midst of what some people used to call, not very affectionately, the “money complex.”What makes the question interesting is the lack of banks or other credit institutions. Apparently, the first small savings banks did not appear until the 1870's. The paucity, if not the absolute absence, of liquid capital characterizes Puerto Rico until the period under study. Such a state of affairs had remote causes. Puerto Rico, as Spain's second colony in the New World, had had a prosperous start in the sixteenth century. Some gold was found, and the firstingeniowas set up. But in the 1520's an exodus was set off by the attraction of the fabulous mineral wealth of the continent that was being conquered, an exodus that the threat of the death penalty was not able to stop effectively. The lack of sufficient settlers was then the initial cause of Puerto Rico's economic stagnation. Naturally, the following two hundred years should have been more than sufficient to allow recovery, for—popular beliefs to the contrary—mineral wealth was not the only source of economic prosperity in the Spanish monarchy. As a sample, the Philippines exported Chinese goods, Central America cocoa and dyestuff, Venezuela cocoa and tobacco, Guayaquil cocoa and timber, Quito textiles, Peru wine and flour, Chile flour and timber, Tucumán mules, Buenos Aires hides, and Cuba sugar and tobacco.

Disaster impacts in a port-city; learning from Beirut's  Port explosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steluta topalov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;On 4 august 2020, one of the biggest non-nuclear explosions the world has seen in recent times took place in the Port of Beirut. Caused by the detonation of 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate, inadequate stored in a warehouse in the port, the blast destroyed much of the city&amp;#8217;s port and the surrounding infrastructure and severly&amp;#160; damaged the dense residential and commercial areas within 5 km of the explosion site. The impact of the explosion, which registered as a 3.3 magnitude earthquake according to the U.S. Geological Survey, was felt as far away as the island of Cyprus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Athough the event was an technological hazard, the impact of the explosion is similar to a standardised natural disaster.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to UNDP, a total of 200 000 residential units were affected with an estimated of 40 000 buildings damaged; 200 people lost their lives, around 6 000 individuals were injuried and around 300 000 people were displaced.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Such figure are comparable to other large-scale disasters such as Cyclone Vayu in India, which occured in June 2019 or the displacement caused by the Typhoon Vongfong, in the Philippines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The frequent increase of the natural disasters &amp;#160;puts pressure on the critical infrastructure of the cities. The disruption of the transportation system, &amp;#160;which is vital for the sustainable daily operations, are having a big impact on the economical, enviromental and social dimension of a city system. Among the various types of transportation system, ports are a focal point because of its strategic role for the economic growth of cities,regions and&amp;#160; global network. In addition, they are nodal points for the social and economical activity of the inhabitants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although the ports have played a key role in the development of their host cities, they are also vulnerable to a broad range of risks and threats because of a particular spatial character: the location at the intersection of land and sea. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study of the Beirut&amp;#8217;s Port explosion examines the impact of port failures on the host urban enviroment and the relationship between hazards, vulnerability and the impact. The vulnerability of the port to disasters results &amp;#160;to the vulnerability of its host city. A context &amp;#8211;based understanding&amp;#160; of the impact of the disaster and the elements at risk is essential to identify appropriate risk management strategies. The location of the port within the urban environment, in densely populated area, as in case of Beirut are some of the characteristics of the port cities that can magnify the impact of disasters to which they are prone. &amp;#160;The study will focus on a collection of data that records the impact and allows visualisation of the complex patterns of the disaster risk reduction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The impact caused by the Beirut&amp;#8217;s port explosion reminds us about the important role of the ports in their host cities and how fundamental is to identify the port&amp;#8217;s infrastructure &amp;#160;exposure to hazards and risks. &amp;#160;Lessons learned from such event may be useful to reduce disaster risks in the port cities.&lt;/p&gt;

Abstract T MP102: Hotline Use for Recruitment Support in Acute Stroke Trials: Lessons learned To Date in Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH)-II

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A France ◽  
Mushtaq Qureshi ◽  
Jessy Thomas ◽  
Emily Abbott ◽  
Logan Brau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Clinical Support ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Protocol Compliance

Background: Use of hotline services for clinical support and safe operation of a research trial is common and important. The value of such services has not been objectively assessed within the context of a large acute stroke clinical trial. Methods: The use of three different hotline services have been tested, and cell and Email- options have also been explored for their advantages. US and Non-US sites are provided access to central hotline services, but for efficiency a local network for managing calls is established in each region. All sites may access both data management and the trial PI via hotline services when needed and this is supported by other technologies in addition. A means for supporting overall trial communications in light of these interactions has been developed and valuable insights are gained. Results: Data gathered from 211 calls logged at the Clinical Coordinating Center through the course of the ATACH-II trial have been summarized: Total Calls Reviewed: 211; Year 2 of trial: 92 calls, Year 3 of trial: 100 calls. Calls received midnight to 8 AM: 19 (9.0%), 8 AM - 5 PM 130 (61.6 %) 5 PM - 12:00 PM 65 (30.8%). Issues Resolved in < 5 min 143/211 (67.8%) Taking > 30 min to resolution 51/211 (24.2%). Purpose of calls: Eligibility 89 (42.2%). protocol compliance including drug management: 77 (36.5%%), randomization/emergency randomization: 16 (7.6%), protocol deviation:13 (6.2%), technological difficulties: 12 (5.7%), AE/SAE: 9 (4.3%), Subject enrollments directly associated with calls: 57 (20.8% of domestic subjects); excluded candidates directly associated with calls: 46 (% not available). Conclusions: In an international trial requiring rapid enrollment of subjects with intracerebral hemorrhage, the role of direct support via a hotline and other immediate communications means has proven to be instrumental in maintaining good protocol compliance and supporting enrollment by site team members .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document