scholarly journals Grasping Operation Based on Functional Cooperation of Fingers

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Nagata ◽  
◽  
Fuminori Saito ◽  
Yujin Wakita ◽  
Takashi Suehiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Unit ◽  
Robot Hand ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Primitive Operation ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functional Partitioning

When we observe human grasping, some grasping operations consist of multiple cooperative primitive operations. Performing individual movements by different fingers in a grasping operation are generally called “partitioning of fingers.” Our interest is not in the individual movement of each finger, but in functional units of operations constituting entire grasping operations realized by fingers working together. We define such functional unit operation as a “primitive operation.” When one grasping operation consists of multiple cooperative primitive operations and fingers are used in different primitive operations, we call this “functional partitioning of fingers.” By assigning different primitive operations to functional partitioning of fingers, robot can realize various grasping operations. This paper shows that primitive operations can be described in software modules running in multifingered robot hand system, and demonstrates that various grasping operations are achieved by cooperation of primitive operations.

scholarly journals ′Education is our daily bread′: Church polyphony, educational processes and the Serbian national identity between 1830 and 1914

Muzikologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Ivana Perkovic-Radak
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
School Year ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Positioning

Choral church music had different functions in Serbian society of the 19th century. It was a part of many processes or even initiated them itself broadly affecting the sphere of culture. One of its purposes had strong educational and national implications. In this paper I do not study these as musical and historical elements emphasizing existent social tendencies, but rather as processes that generated certain components through church music (both in the educational sense and in the sphere of broader social structures). The early beginnings of church polyphony among Serbs were marked by choirs comprising older members and pupils. For example, members of the Serbian parish in Pest, who started working together in 1835 and sang the complete Divine Liturgy for the first time in 1838, were both pupils and students. In 1841 and 1842 students of Alexandar Morfidis-Nisis in Novi Sad sang in church, while in the same school year Belgrade high school first introduced choral singing. The comparison of the development of educational systems in states inhabited by Serbs in the 19th century is used as the basis for seeing historical and cultural positioning as one role of choral church music. Certain elements of the national program, such as progress comprehension of the nation as a community of individuals, distention of the individual, or the process of socialization were shared by church polyphonic singing. These elements are studied in the context of the development of European and Serbian educational systems, mostly from a historical perspective.

scholarly journals Information literacy and informed learning: conceptual innovations for IL research and practice futures.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Susan Bruce ◽  
Andrew Demasson ◽  
Hilary Hughes ◽  
Mandy Lupton ◽  
Elham Sayyad Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Learning Team

Our paper draws together conceptual innovations emerging from the work of a group of researchers focussed on the relational approach to information literacy, more recently labelled ‘informed learning’. Team members have been working together in various configurations for periods ranging from seven to seventeen years. Our collaborative approach continues to yield new concepts and constructs which we believe to be of value to ongoing research and practice. Some of the ideas discussed have been previouly published, while others are being put forward for the first time. All are significant in that they together form new constructs that have emerged from a focus on the relational approach to information literacy. In this paper, Christine Bruce introduces the background to this work and the contributing researchers. Then the individual authors present the key directions which they have developed and are leading, typically working with one or more of the wider network. The key ideas presented are: The expressive window for information literacy (Mandy Lupton); information experience design (Elham Sayyad Abdi); cross-contextuality and experienced identity (Andrew Demasson); informed learning design (Clarence Maybee); spaces for inclusive informed learning (Hilary Hughes); and informed systems (Mary Somerville and Anita Mirjamdotter).  In each piece, authors reflect on what the idea is about, where it came from and what it might mean for research and practice. 

Overview Statement on Medical Records

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh C. Thompson ◽  
Stanton J. Barron ◽  
John P. Connelly ◽  
Andrew Margileth ◽  
Richard Olmsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Historically, medical records have been maintamed by individual physicians to record specific information concerning patients. This information was often understandable only to the writer. The data were of outstanding events. This was thought to be sufficient documentation for patient care. Records are now read by others than the individual physicians. Groups of physicians working together often share the same patients and their records. Patients may have multiple sources of care. Our population has become more mobile which makes it necessary to transfer vast amounts of medical information. The medical record many times is the one instrument which gives a complete and continuous documentation of the patient's medical history. Third-party payers are requesting access to medical records to document services provided. Chart audit is being tested as a mechanism for evaluating physician performance. Records must reflect what the physician does in order to be useful in such an appraisal. Much clinical research on the delivery of health care depends on accurately kept records which are easily interpreted. A chart is also a legal document for the protection of the physician as well as the patient. Thus, records will be used in other than traditional ways. Proper confidentiality must be maintained when such uses are necessary. Physicians generally agree as to the essential content of a medical record. However, there is little unanimity as to the structure of the chart. No one system of keeping records is now appropriate for all situations. The maintenance of adequate charts requires additional cost in both time and money.

Condensation Reactions Synthesize Random Polymers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ross
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Rna World ◽  
Functional Polymers ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Individual Molecular Species ◽  
Condensation Reactions ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
The Individual

Over the past half century of serious research on the origin of life, several schools of thought have emerged that focus on “worlds” and what came first in the pathway to the origin of life. One example is the RNA World, a term coined by Walter Gilbert after the discovery of ribozymes. Other examples include the Iron-Sulfur World of Günther Wächtershäuser and the Lipid World proposed by Doron Lancet and coworkers. Then we have a competition between “metabolism first” and “replication first” schools. The worlds and schools have the positive effect of sharpening arguments and forcing us to think carefully, but they also can lock researchers into defending their individual approaches rather than looking for patterns in a larger perspective. One of the main themes of this book is the notion that the first living cells were systems of functional polymers working together within membranous compartments. Therefore, it is best not to think of “worlds” and “firsts” as fundamentals but instead as components evolving together toward the assembly of an encapsulated system of functional polymers. At first the polymers will be composed of random sequences of their monomers, and the compartments will contain random assortments of polymers. Here, we refer to these structures as protocells which are being produced in vast numbers as they form and decompose in continuous cycles driven by a variety of impinging, free-energy sources. This chapter describes how thermodynamic principles can be used to test the feasibility of a proposed mechanism by which random polymers can be synthesized. There is a current consensus that early life may have passed through a phase in which RNA served as a ribozyme catalyst, as a replicating system, and as a means for storing and expressing genetic information. For this reason, we will use RNA as a model polymer, but condensation reactions also produce peptide bonds and oligopeptides. At some point in the evolutionary steps leading to life, peptides and RNA formed complexes with novel functional properties beyond those of the individual molecular species.

ISOZYMES OF SERUM CHOLINESTERASE: A NEW POLYMERIZATION SEQUENCE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph V. LaMotta ◽  
Robert B. McComb ◽  
Howard J. Wetstone
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Enzyme Unit ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
The Individual

The isozymes of serum cholinesterase are shown to be interconvertible. Concentration of the individual isozymes results in an electrophoretically slower functional enzyme unit, whereas dilute solutions result in functional units with greater mobility. Since each of the four most mobile isozymes when isolated is convertible to the major isozyme form and each slower isozyme when isolated can be converted into the more mobile forms, this sequence is most likely stepwise in nature. The results indicate that the isozymes of serum cholinesterase are a manifestation of a polymerization sequence.

COOPERATIVE PHASE DYNAMICS IN COUPLED NEPHRONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 3079-3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. POSTNOV ◽  
O. V. SOSNOVTSEVA ◽  
E. MOSEKILDE ◽  
N.-H. HOLSTEIN-RATHLOU
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fast Oscillations ◽  
Coherent Behavior ◽  
Different Time Scales

The individual functional unit of the kidney (the nephron) displays oscillations in its pressure and flow regulation at two different time scales: Relatively fast oscillations associated with the myogenic dynamics of the afferent arteriole, and slower oscillations related with a delay in the tubuloglomerular feedback. Neighboring nephrons interact via vascularly propagated signals. We study the appearance of various forms of coherent behavior in a model of two such interacting nephrons. Among the observed phenomena are in-phase and anti-phase synchronization of chaotic dynamics, multistability, and partial phase synchronization in which the nephrons attain a state of chaotic phase synchronization with respect to their slow dynamics, but the fast dynamics remains desynchronized.

scholarly journals Managing diversity in Israel: Some applications for South Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
R. J. Petersen ◽  
L. P. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
First Order ◽  
Managing Diversity ◽  
Individual Enterprise ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Interactive Nature ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
The Individual

The management of diversity manifests itself in a very specific way in Israeli society. This is so because the management process occurs at two levels: a national-political level (first order processes) and the individual enterprise level (second order processes). The interactive nature of the two processes ultimately results in most diverse national groups working together productively towards both national-economic and individual goals. Inclusiveness is a property widely found in the average Israeli enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to describe the unique Israeli approach to the management of their diverse workforce, with a view to identifying possible applications for South Africa. The study shows that South Africa has a lot to learn before we can hope to succeed in effectively managing our diverse rainbow nation.

The nuclear family as the functional unit in psychiatry

1962 ◽  
Vol 108 (456) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Howells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual

In the introduction to his Chairman's address in 1959, Warren (24) reminded us that both Cameron (6) from this country and Kanner (17) from the United States, had, in recent years, surveyed the historical background of child psychiatry. Chairmen of this Section may thus deem themselves exempted from repeating that task for some years to come. Warren took as his theme some relationships between the psychiatry of childhood and that of adulthood. It seemed to me appropriate to follow his lead and to carry our thoughts a step further by considering the child and adult as members of the family group, and to study how far it would be useful to accept the nuclear family, rather than the individual patient, as the functional unit in psychiatry.

New Functional Classification of Severe Hand Injuries (FU-classification)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
E. A Afonina ◽  
I. O Golubev ◽  
K. P Pshenisnov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Hand Injuries ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Primary Evaluation

New functional classification of severe hand injuries is suggested. Concept of hand functional unit of the hand, i.e. finger segment containing joint, blood vessels and all surrounding soft tissues, is introduced. New functional classification of severe hand injuries is related to the algorithm of patient’s treatment depending on the level ofpreserved functional units. Division of the hand into functional units and primary evaluation of every unit condition enables to choose surgical treatment tactics directly after injury as well as to prognosticate the outcome.

Working Together: Belief Systems of Individuals and Organizations

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Richman
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Workplace Issues ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organizational Problems

Individuals and organizations establish and maintain relationships to fulfill their needs and goals. When their expectations are met, their relationship is mutually beneficial. However, throughout their dynamic career development cycle belief systems may diverge and result in workplace issues. This article emphasizes the need to recognize the cognitive component in developing programs to reduce individual/organizational problems. Conflicting and incompatible belief systems are described, and a rational-emotive approach is recommended for identifying and modifying the unrealistic, rigidly maintained beliefs in the individual/organizational relationship.

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