scholarly journals Gambler's Fallacy as Behavioural Bias Of Young Investor

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Dian Wijayanti ◽  
Tarsisius Renald Suganda ◽  
Feni Sufuiana Thewelis
Keyword(s):  
Weak Form ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gambler’S Fallacy ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Trading Decisions ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Gambler's Fallacy

This research aims to identify the behavioural bias of Gambler's Fallacy of young investors in Malang. This research was done by doing a survey method i.e. doing the dissemination of questionnaires to young investors in Malang. The number of samples gained from questionnaires were 108 respondents. questionnaires were assessed using Likert scale and analysed by using non-parametric test: Chi Square Test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to answer the hypothesis and research questions. The results showed that behavioural bias of Gambler’s Fallacy on young investors in Malang when they trade in uptrend and downtrend stock market with an equal probability. Based on the results, this research concluded that in making trading decisions, young investors in Malang are still very influenced by psychological factors and tend to follow their personal intuition. This shows that weak-form efficiency is inefficient.

scholarly journals Comparison of Transmittance and Reflectance Pulse Oximetry in Anesthetized Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Nixdorff ◽  
Yury Zablotski ◽  
Katrin Hartmann ◽  
Rene Dörfelt
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Probe Site ◽  
Pulse Oximeter Probe

Objectives: The tongue is the standard site for placement of a pulse oximeter probe but is difficult to access during certain procedures such as dental and ophthalmic procedures and computerized tomography of the head. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new-generation reflectance pulse oximeter using the tail and tibia as sites for probe attachment.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 client-owned dogs that underwent anesthesia for various reasons were premedicated with butorphanol (n = 50; 0.2 mg/kg; group BUT) or butorphanol and dexmedetomidine (n = 50; 5 μg/kg; group DEX), administered intravenously. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. A transmittance pulse oximeter probe was placed on the tongue and served as the reference standard. A reflectance probe was randomly placed on the tail base or the proximal tibia, and the position changed after testing. Signals from three consecutive measurements were obtained at each position. Failure was defined as “no signal,” “low signal,” or a pulse difference >10/min compared with the ECG heart rate. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test, and Bland-Altman analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: In both groups (BUT and DEX), failure rate was higher when the tibia and tail were used as probe sites compared with the tongue. In both groups, the failure rate was higher for the tibia than for the tail. Dexmedetomidine-induced vasoconstriction increased failure rate at all probe positions.Clinical Significance: The tail base, but not the tibia, is an acceptable position for reflectance pulse oximeter probes in dogs. The tongue remains the probe site of choice, if accessible.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Lockdown and Its Effect on Consumption Behavior of Household: Evidence from Maharashtra State, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Sachin Pawar ◽  
Abhijeet Birari ◽  
Jitendrasinh Jamadar
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Logistics Regression ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of COVID-19, nationwide lockdown, and measures taken by the central bank to adjust the consumer behavior of households in Maharashtra, India. This study used a structured questionnaire to achieve the objectives with a sample size of 221 and statistical tools like Logistics regression, Kruskal Wallis Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Chi-Square Test. The results indicate that COVID-19 decreased the consumption of the household and that there was a significantly positive relationship between the level of consumption during lockdown and age, gender, number of dependents, income, education level, and region. People tend to lower their consumption for non-essential categories and increase for essential ones. The current study is considered the first of its kind conducted in Maharashtra, India. To the best of our knowledge, there were no such studies regarding measuring the impact of COVID-19 on household consumption.

scholarly journals Level of ERAS understanding affects practitioners’ practice and perception of early postoperative resumption of oral intake: a nationwide survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhen Huang ◽  
Yuelun Zhang ◽  
Le Shen ◽  
Yuguang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract Background Early postoperative resumption of oral intake is supposed to be safe and beneficial to patients recovery. However, practitioners still have great confusion and disagreement about postoperative resumption of oral intake. This is a nationwide survey to investigate the current status of clinical practice and practitioners’ attitude toward postoperative resumption of oral intake along with their level of understanding of the ERAS guidelines. Methods An anonymous web-based survey questionnaire via mobile social platform was carried out in mainland China from December 11–20, 2020. The Wilcoxon signed rank test or chi-square test was used to compare the propensity of the resumption of oral intake. Results Totally 5370 responses were received, and 89% of them were from anesthesiology departments. The nature of the responses from clinical practitioners was highly diverse, but each of the three surgery types showed unique patterns of ERAS implementation. The respondents were more conservative regarding the commencement of both fluid and solid diets after gastrointestinal (GI) and hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery than after non-abdominal (NA) surgery. Most respondents agreed that early oral intake is beneficial to reduce postoperative complications improve bowel recovery and overall outcome. 55% respondents considered themselves to have a better understanding of ERAS and tended to initiate oral intake early for all three surgery types (P < 0.001). Conclusions The postoperative resumption of oral intake is highly variable among GI, HPB and NA surgeries. A better understanding of ERAS would encourage practitioners to commence oral intake resumption much earlier.

scholarly journals Level of Understanding of Eras Affects Practitioners’ Practice and Perception of Early Postoperative Resumption of Oral Intake: A Nationwide Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhen Huang ◽  
Yuelun Zhang ◽  
Le Shen ◽  
Yuguang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract Background: Early postoperative resumption of oral intake is supposed to be safe and beneficial to patients recovery. However, practitioners still have great confusion and disagreement about postoperative resumption of oral intake. This is a nationwide survey to investigate the current status of clinical practice and practitioners’ attitude toward postoperative resumption of oral intake along with their level of understanding of the ERAS guidelines.Methods: An anonymous web-based survey questionnaire via mobile social platform was carried out in mainland China from December 11-20, 2020. The Wilcoxon signed rank test or chi-square test was used to compare the propensity of the resumption of oral intake.Results: Totally 5370 responses were received, and 89% of them were from anesthesiology departments. The nature of the responses from clinical practitioners was highly diverse, but each of the three surgery types showed unique patterns of ERAS implementation. The respondents were more conserved regarding the commencement of both fluid and solid diets after gastrointestinal (GI) and hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery than after non-abdominal (NA) surgery. Most respondents agreed that early oral intake is beneficial to reduce postoperative complications improve bowel recovery and overall outcome. 55% respondents considered themselves to have a better understanding of ERAS and tended to initiate oral intake early for all three surgery types (P<0.001).Conclusions: The postoperative resumption of oral intake is highly variable among GI, HPB and NA surgeries. A better understanding of ERAS would encourage practitioners to commence oral intake resumption much earlier.

scholarly journals The influence of immediately loaded basal implant treatment on patient satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadia Awadalkreem ◽  
Nadia Khalifa ◽  
Asim Satti ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Predominantly Female

Abstract Background: Improving patient satisfaction and quality of life is of great importance when considering the different prosthetic treatment options for patients with severely resorbed residual alveolar ridges. We aimed to evaluate and compare patients’ satisfaction when changing from fixed, removable, and/or conventional implant prostheses to basal implant-supported prostheses. Methods : Sixty patients with a history of fixed, removable, and/or conventional implant prostheses who received basal implant-supported prostheses (BCS Ò , IHDE Implant System) were included in this study. Direct interviews were conducted using a four-section questionnaire that covered sociodemographic data, clinical examination, information on previous prostheses, and new implant information. The obtained data were statistically analysed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test and chi-square test. Results: Patients were predominantly female, partially edentulous, and aged between 40 and 59 years. Patients’ general satisfaction with basal implants was very high (7.7 out of 8). Patients’ satisfaction with comfort, mastication, speech, and aesthetics significantly improved with the new basal implants. Males aged between 40 and 59 years and patients who had previously used both fixed and removable prostheses were generally the most satisfied. Although some patients had complaints, they still had high satisfaction and would choose the same treatment modality again. Conclusions: Basal implant-supported prostheses have a positive impact on oral health and highly increase patients’ satisfaction.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effect of Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners on Pain and sEMG Activity of Masticatory Muscles

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nota ◽  
Silvia Caruso ◽  
Shideh Ehsani ◽  
Gianmaria Fabrizio Ferrazzano ◽  
Roberto Gatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Semg Activity

Background and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate mandibular elevator muscles activity and pain on palpation in the early stages of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners using surface electromyography (sEMG). Materials and methods: Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity and pain level on muscle palpation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded in a sample of 16 adult subjects (aged 18–32 years; mean 22.5 +/− 3.5 SD) undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners before the treatment (T0), after 1 month of treatment (two clear aligners) (T1), and after 3 months of treatment (T2) (six clear aligners). A chi-square test for nominal data, a Friedman test, and a Wilcoxon-signed rank test as post hoc analysis were applied. Results: No statistically significant differences in muscular pain were observed. At T1, the sEMG activity of masseter muscles at mandibular rest position showed a statistically significant reduction, but after 3 months (T2), the data appeared similar to T0 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). Conclusions: During the treatment with clear aligners, subjects could experience an initial reduction in the masseter basal activity after 1 month of treatment. This effect tends to decrease to baseline levels after 3 months of therapy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TERAPI FARMAKOLOGI DAN NON-FARMAKOLOGI TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI MENSTRUASI PADA MAHASISWI FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS BHAKTI KENCANA BANDUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-188
Author(s):  
Ani Anggriani ◽  
Yani Mulyani ◽  
Lili Dinda Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Menstrual pain is a problem that women often complain about in their teens. Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is pain before or during menstruation in the lower abdomen due to uterine cramps. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia is 54% primary dysmenorrhea and 9% secondary dysmenorrhea. Due to the severe pain that is felt during menstruation, 10% of teenage girls are absent from school and work for 3 days each month. This study aims to determine the effect of pharmacological & non-pharmacological therapy on reducing menstrual pain in adolescents. This research is an experimental research with one group pretest-post test design. The research sample used purposive sampling method, with a sample of 76 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test & chi-square test. The results showed that the Wilcoxon test with the results of Sig. 0.000<0.05, meaning that there is a difference in the intensity of menstrual pain before & after therapy. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy on decreasing the intensity of menstrual pain. For the relationship of non-pharmacological therapy Chi-Square test results have a value of Sig. 0.514>0.05, meaning that there is no significant relationship to the intensity of menstrual pain. For the relationship between pharmacological therapy, the results of Sig. 0.019<0.05, meaning that there is a significant relationship with the intensity of menstrual pain in adolescent girls at Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Mechanism by Which the TNO Stereo Test Overestimates Stereo Thresholds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Bingbing Meng ◽  
Huang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Several studies have revealed that results of the TNO stereo test may overestimate the stereoacuity value (the less the better) compared with other testing measurements. The manner in which vision is divided among two eyes of a person wearing anaglyph glasses may play an important role. This study aimed to examine the effect of anaglyph glasses on stereopsis measurements. A stereopsis measurement system using a phoropter and two Sony smartphones was established. Four types of test patterns, including the original TNO stereo test pictures, isoluminant red-green pictures, grayscale pictures, and black and white dots pictures, were designed. A total of 32 participants were recruited for this study. A significant difference was found among the four groups (Friedman test, chi-square = 50.985, P < 0.001 ). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to detect differences between the groups. The stereoacuity of the original TNO group was significantly worse than those of the isoluminant, grayscale, and black-white groups. However, no significant difference was found between the isoluminant and grayscale groups. The correlation coefficient between the original TNO and isoluminant groups was 0.952 (Spearman’s rho, P < 0.001 ; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.901–0.988), while that between the original and grayscale groups was 0.771 (Spearman’s rho, P < 0.001 ; 95% CI, 0.550–0.916). Anaglyph glasses played an important role in determining the stereoacuity values with the TNO stereo test, and the results were overestimated when compared with that of the other testing methods. The imbalance of chroma and luminance between the two eyes caused by the anaglyph glasses was indicated as one of the reasons for the overestimation of stereo thresholds.

scholarly journals Global surgery for medical students – is it meaningful? A mixed-method study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257297
Author(s):  
Sofia Kühner ◽  
Solvig Ekblad ◽  
Jan Larsson ◽  
Jenny Löfgren
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Course Evaluation ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Case Based

Introduction There has been an increase in global health courses at medical universities in high-income countries. Their effect on students, however, is poorly understood. In 2016 an elective global surgery course was introduced for medical students at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. The course includes a theoretical module in Sweden and a two-week clinical rotation in Uganda. The present study aimed to assess the format and determine its effect on students’ knowledge of global surgery and approach towards patients of non-Swedish origin. Method A mixed-methods design was used. Semi-structured case-based interviews were conducted individually with 18 students and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Examination scores and the course evaluation were analysed with Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s Chi-square and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate. Results The course was appreciated and students reported gained insights and interest in global surgery. Students’ ability to reason about global surgery issues was improved after the course. Students considered complicating aspects in the meeting with patients of non-Swedish origin. Students with abroad clinical experience felt less compelled to act on preconceptions. Discussion The global surgery course at Karolinska Institutet is appreciated and students gained valuable knowledge. The case-based interviews acted as a catalyst for reflection and showed that students felt insecure as they lacked knowledge about globally common surgical conditions and struggled with generalized preconceptions of patients of non-Swedish origin. To further support students to integrate theoretical knowledge and professional development, we suggest the introduction of problem-based learning. Conclusion The ability of the course to inspire students’ commitment to global surgery is promising as this engagement is the key to reaching the goal of equitable health globally. Offering such courses is a step towards inspiring and recruiting the future clinicians and researchers needed for expanding the field of global surgery.

scholarly journals Randomized Crossover Study Showing Nurse-Led Same Day Review Replacing Next Day Review in Uneventful Phacoemulsification to Be Safe and Efficacious

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. H. Shum ◽  
Janice J. C. Cheung ◽  
Monica M. N. Lee ◽  
Oscar G. W. Wong ◽  
Kenneth K. W. Li
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Visual Improvement ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Purpose. To study whether nurse led same-day review (SDR) after uneventful phacoemulsification can replace next-day review (NDR) in terms of safety and efficacy.Setting. Patients are recruited from an ophthalmology outpatient clinic in Hong Kong.Design. A prospective, randomized crossover study conducted from November 2012 to 2014.Methods. Inclusion criteria include cataract surgery naïve patients undergoing phacoemulsification under local anaesthesia. All patients were seen by our ophthalmic nurse 2 hours after surgery. Before undergoing phacoemulsification of the first eye, patients were randomized to be reviewed on day 1 or 7 after surgery. Surgeons and reviewing doctors were blinded to patient allocation. For the patients’ second eye surgery, group allocation will cross over. Primary outcome measures include visual improvement and patient satisfaction questionnaire. Other measures include cataract characteristics, surgical details, and complications. Statistical tests include pairedt-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Chi-square test.Results. 164 eyes from 82 patients were available. Visual improvement, satisfaction, and complications were comparable between both groups.Conclusions. A nurse led SDR can replace NDR in uneventful phacoemulsification in terms of safety and efficacy. Patient satisfaction is also comparable in the setting of Asian culture and when transportation is not a major concern.

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