scholarly journals Evaluating the Mechanism by Which the TNO Stereo Test Overestimates Stereo Thresholds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Bingbing Meng ◽  
Huang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Several studies have revealed that results of the TNO stereo test may overestimate the stereoacuity value (the less the better) compared with other testing measurements. The manner in which vision is divided among two eyes of a person wearing anaglyph glasses may play an important role. This study aimed to examine the effect of anaglyph glasses on stereopsis measurements. A stereopsis measurement system using a phoropter and two Sony smartphones was established. Four types of test patterns, including the original TNO stereo test pictures, isoluminant red-green pictures, grayscale pictures, and black and white dots pictures, were designed. A total of 32 participants were recruited for this study. A significant difference was found among the four groups (Friedman test, chi-square = 50.985, P < 0.001 ). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to detect differences between the groups. The stereoacuity of the original TNO group was significantly worse than those of the isoluminant, grayscale, and black-white groups. However, no significant difference was found between the isoluminant and grayscale groups. The correlation coefficient between the original TNO and isoluminant groups was 0.952 (Spearman’s rho, P < 0.001 ; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.901–0.988), while that between the original and grayscale groups was 0.771 (Spearman’s rho, P < 0.001 ; 95% CI, 0.550–0.916). Anaglyph glasses played an important role in determining the stereoacuity values with the TNO stereo test, and the results were overestimated when compared with that of the other testing methods. The imbalance of chroma and luminance between the two eyes caused by the anaglyph glasses was indicated as one of the reasons for the overestimation of stereo thresholds.

scholarly journals DAYA TERIMA DAN KANDUNGAN GIZI (ENERGI, PROTEIN) GYOZA YANG DISUBSTITUSI KEONG SAWAH (Pila ampullacea) DAN PUREE KELOR (Moringa oleifera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Nabillah Eka Permatasari ◽  
Annis Catur Adi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
School Based ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Snail and moringa are the example of food that contain several nutrition such as energy, protein, calcium  needed by stunted children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of snail (Pila ampullacea) and puree moringa (Moringa oleifera) substitution toward the acceptance and nutritional value (energy and protein) of gyoza  as an healthy snack alternative. This study was an experimental with complete random design study. Untrained panelists were 30 students of grade five student in elementary school Komplek Kenjeran II 506. Elementary school Based on scoring by panelist formula F3 is the best treatment formula, because it is better in color and texture aspect but it has no significant difference in aroma and taste compared with treatment formula. The Friedman Test showed there were significant differences in color, aroma, texture and taste (p<0.05). Result of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that overall test of control formulas and treatment formulas were having differences but the result between treatment formulas were not having significant differences.  The highest energy and protein content were F3 224.8 g and 12.75 g/100 g gyoza. Based on the best acceptance value and the highest energy content, it was conclude that the optimization formula was F3 (75 g snail and 20 g moringa) as an alternative healthy snack for school-children.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA MUDA TERHADAP TINGKAT STATUS HIDRASI CAIRAN TUBUH SETELAH MELAKUKAN AKTIVITAS OLAHRAGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Rosmaini Hasibuan ◽  
Rifki Josmar Simanullang
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Smirnov Test

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Tingkat Status Hidrasi Cairan Tubuh Setelah Melakukan Aktifitas Olahraga Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 14 orang. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan yaitu eksperimen dan kelompok kedua kontrol. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian air kelapa muda terhadap tingkat status hidrasi maka diberikan sebanyak 500 ml setelah melakukan aktifitas olahraga selanjutnya digunakan statistik, Data yang telah dikumpulkan dari pre test dan post test dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik korelasi Spearman's rho,α = 0,05 dengan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, maka ada persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi. Diataranya adalah bahwa sampel harus dilakukan Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test karna metode berskala ordinal, untuk itu sebelum melakukan pengolahan data, data kuantitatif yang akan dianalisis, perlu disusun dalam bentuk ranking. Pengujian sampel menggunakan SPSS dengan uji One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Hasil analisis dengan Spearman's rho menunjukkan bahwa:  p hitung (0,730 ) > p tabel (0,291) nilai probalitas (p > 0,05), maka data yang diperoleh merupakan data yang signifikan sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa air kelap muda berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat status hidrasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: Terdapat Pengaruh signifikan  Pemberian Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Tingkat Status Hidrasi Cairan Tubuh Setelah Melakukan Aktifitas Olahraga Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Medan. Kata Kunci: Air Kelapa Muda, Status Hidrasi.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Picture Story Books Reading to Increase Kindness in Children Aged 5-6 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giyati Retnowati ◽  
Rose Mini Agoes Salim ◽  
Airin Y Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Storybook Reading ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of picture in storybook reading to increase kindness in children. This research involved 31 children aged 5-6 years; they were taken from the kindergarten in Bandung as the participants. The intervention was done by reading eight picture books in eight days. The kindness was measured using a measurement instrument created by the researcher, in the form of nine coloured cards that described the behaviour of kindness. The measurement was also done by seeing through the kindness tree and observation sheets that filled out by the teacher. The data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test shows a significant difference in the average score of kindness (p<0,05) before and after picture storybook reading. Two weeks after the intervention, the improvement on all kindness behaviours with the post-test score is greater than pre-test score that still can be found. Observation through kindness tree and observational sheets shows the same result.

scholarly journals Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum BUMN Dan Bank Umum Swasta Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011 - 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Hotman Fredy ◽  
Yetty Murni ◽  
Muhidin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Private Bank ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this research is to determine whether there are significant differences in the CAR, NPL, ROA, ROE, NIM, BOPO, and LDR between government bank compared to private banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) the periode of 2011-2015. Method of sample selection was done by purposive sampling, the samples obtained from government banks such as BNI, BRI, BTN, and Mandiri bank, while from private banks such as BCA, CIMB Niaga, Danamon, and Permata bank. Data analysis methods is hypothesis testing using two different test mean (paired sample t-test) and wilcoxon signed rank test. The results showed that the financial performance of the ratio for CAR, NPL, ROA, NIM, BOPO, and LDR there is no significant difference between the government banks and private bank. While the financial performance of the ROE ratio there are significant differences between the government banks and private banks

scholarly journals SHARE VALUE DIFFERENCES PT. KIMIA FARMA TBK TOWARDS THE ACQUISITION OF SHARE EVENTS IN PT. PHAPROS TBK

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Revi Candra ◽  
Elmiliyani Wahyuni-S ◽  
Nailatul Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

TThis study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the value of the shares of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. after the acquisition of PT. Phapros Tbk. The data used is the value of shares consisting of book value, market value, and the intrinsic value of shares of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk, which was taken ten months before the acquisition of PT. Phapros Tbk. by PT Kimia Farma Tbk. This study is a comparative study with a quantitative descriptive approach, data analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of this study indicate that the book value of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. which has a significant difference before and after the acquisition, while the indicators of the stock market value and the intrinsic value of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. does not have a significant difference before and after the acquisition event. 

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENGARUH MEDIA BUKU POP-UP DAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN MENARKE PADA ANAK PEREMPUAN PUBERTAS AWAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa’ Dewi ◽  
Rize Budi Amalia ◽  
Budi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Book Group

Abstrak Latar Belakang :Menarke merupakan kondisi fisiologis berupa menstruasi pertama yang dialami perempuan. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai menarke berdampak pada ketidaksiapan dalam menghadapi menarke.  Pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi dengan media yang sesuai dapat menjadi upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang menarke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh pemberian media buku pop-up dan leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan tentang menarke pada anak perempuan usia pubertas awal. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kuasi experimental dengan pendekatan pretest-post test control group design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 44 anak perempuan usia pubertas awal yang terbagi kedalam kelompok dengan intervensi media buku pop-up dan kelompok dengan intervensi media leaflet. Pengukuran pengetahuan tentang menarke menggunakan kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Hasil: Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test data pretest-postest pengetahuan pada kelompok yang diberi media leaflet (p=0,001) dan pretest-postest kelompok yang diberi media leaflet (p=0,001). Uji Mann Whitney U-Test data postest kelompok buku pop-up dan kelompok leaflet (p=0.002) (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Buku pop-up merupakan media yang lebih efektif dari leaflet untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang menarke pada anak perempuan usia pubertas awal .Abstract Background: Menarche is physiological condition, the first menstruation that happen to women. Lack of knowledge can lead to unreadiness menstrual behaviour. Menstrual education by using visual media can be useful to increase menarche knowlede. This study aims to compare educational media of pop-up book and leaflet to increasing knowledge about menarche. Methods: The type of research was quasi experiment using pretest-posttest group design. The samples taken from 44 female students of SDN Banjarejo I dan II Bojonegoro. Samples consisting of 22 students as leaflet group  and 22 students as pop-up book group. Method of measuring knowledge using pretest and postest questionnaire. Result: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicate there was significant difference between pretest-posttest leaflet group (p=0,001) and pretest-postest pop-up book group (p=0,001). The result of Mann Whitney U-Test indicate there was significant difference of knowledge (p=0,002) beetween postest leaflet group and postest pop-up book group. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was the pop-up book was found more effective than leaflet in improving menarche knowledge

scholarly journals Experience in the implementation of the programme of psychological correction of emotional states of disabled convicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-233
Author(s):  
Nigar N. Aligaeva
Keyword(s):  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Disability Group ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of the verification of the programme of psychological correction of the emotional states of disabled convicts, developed on the basis of a “time” approach and including three main blocks “Past”, “Present” and “Future”. The study involved 68 convicts serving sentences in a maximum security correctional colony (20 people with a disability group and 48 people without a disability). Evaluation of emotional states was carried out using the following methods – TOBOL (Lyudvig Vasserman, Aleksandr Vuks, Boris Iovlev, El'vira Karpova), State-Trate Anxiety Inventory by Charles Spielberger (in Juri Hanin's adaptation), Differential Emotions Scale by Carroll Ellis Izard, the questionnaires of the need for achievement for communication (by Yuri Orlov), the test of frustration reactions (by Saul Rosenzweig).The dynamics of changes in emotional states during the psychocorrectional programme was assessed using the SHPANA technique (Yevgeniy Osin). Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Friedman test, cluster analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results of the verification indicate the effectiveness of the psychological correction programme based on the “time” approach, with disabled convicts serving sentences in a correctional colony. The participants in the experimental group showed positive changes in the dynamics of positive affect. The data also substantiated the need to use an individually differentiated approach in correcting the emotional states of persons with a disability group.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of a new frugal binocular indirect ophthalmoscope

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obaid Kousha ◽  
Sharma Ganesananthan ◽  
Bayan Shahin ◽  
John Ellis ◽  
Andrew Blaikie
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Design Characteristic ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscope

Abstract Objectives We compare the optical quality and design characteristic a new low cost solar powered binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO), Holo, to Keeler BIO. Methods Twenty-four participants each examined 10 simulation eyes using both the Holo and the Keeler BIO with a 30-diopter condensing lens. Number of Lea symbols printed on the retina of simulation eyes seen and time taken to identify them was recorded. Stereoacuity of 12 participants was tested while using the BIOs. Using 7-point Likert scale, participants gave feedback on design characteristic of both BIOs. Results There was no statistical difference in number of Lea symbols correctly identified (15.63/20 for Holo vs. 15/20 for Keeler BIO, p = 0.366, paired t test) or time taken to correctly identify each symbol (Holo 0.39 s faster; 95% confidence interval −2.24 to 3.03 s, p = 0.763) using each device. 12 out of 12 participants achieved stereoacuity of 60 arcsec using the Holo while with the Keeler BIO 11 achieved 60 arcsec and one 90 arcsec. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores for clarity of view, quality of illumination, field of view, binocularity, eye strain and robustness between the two devices. The Holo, scored higher for ease of use (6.5 vs. 6, p = 0.00488, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), comfort of wear (6 vs. 5, p = 0.000337) and portability (7 vs. 6, p = 0.000148). Conclusion The Holo has the potential to be a clinically useful yet affordable diagnostic tool suitable for the first time of equipping eye care workers in low resource settings with a BIO at volume.

scholarly journals Switching from Intravitreal Ranibizumab to Bevacizumab for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisaburo Yamada ◽  
Kenichi Kimoto ◽  
Hirofumi Kono ◽  
Toshiaki Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Ranibizumab Treatment

Purpose. To report our experiences in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated initially with intravitreal ranibizumab and then switched to bevacizumab. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 7 patients (7 eyes) who were treated with monthly injections of intravitreal ranibizumab and then switched to injections of bevacizumab (every 6 weeks) for six months. The best-corrected visual acuity measurements (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at the baseline examination and then at each visit. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the statistical analysis. Results. Following three monthly ranibizumab treatments, there was no significant difference in the BCVA, while the foveal retinal thickness (FRT) significantly decreased (). Switching from ranibizumab to bevacizumab resulted in maintenance (57.2%) of the BCVA and a further decrease in the FRT () after 6 months. Conclusions. Switching to intravitreal bevacizumab may be effective in patients who wish to discontinue intravitreal ranibizumab treatment due to the high cost.

scholarly journals Terapi Kognitif Perilaku untuk Menurunkan Potensi Kekambuhan pada Narapidana Mantan Pecandu Narkoba

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Krishna Ratna Sari ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah ◽  
Adijanti Marheni
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Peredaran narkoba tidak hanya terjadi di berbagai tempat umum, namun juga di dalam suatu lembaga pemasyarakatan. Bagi narapidana yang merupakan mantan pecandu narkoba di lembaga pemasyarakatan, hal ini dapat mempengaruhi potensi mengalami kekambuhan yang menjadi semakin tinggi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan potensi mengalami kekambuhan adalah dengan pemberian terapi kognitif perilaku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas terapi kognitif perilaku untuk menurunkan potensi kekambuhan pada narapidana mantan pecandu narkoba di salah satu lembaga pemasyarakatan di Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif ekperimen dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah pusposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai negative ranks = 3 dengan nilai Z= -1.604 dan Asymp. Sig. = 0.109 (p>0.05). Hal ini berarti tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan potensi kekambuhan narapidana mantan pecandu narkoba di lembaga pemasyarakatan sebelum dan setelah diberikan terapi kognitif perilaku. Meskipun begitu, angka negative ranks menunjukkan bahwa seluruh skor posttest lebih rendah dari skor pretest sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi kognitif perilaku dapat menurunkan potensi kekambuhan pada narapidana mantan pecandu narkoba di lembaga pemasyarakatan.  Drug trafficking not only occurs in various public places but also in prison. For the former drug addicts prisoners, this can affect the potential of relapse to become even higher. One effort to reduce the potential of relapse is by giving cognitive behavioral therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral therapy to reduce the potential of relapse in former drug addicts at one of the prisons in Bali. This study uses quantitative methods with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed the value of negative ranks = 3 with Z values = -1.604 and Asymp. Sig. = 0.109 (p> 0.05). It means there is no significant difference in the potential relapse of the former drug addicts prisoners before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy program. However, negative ranks score indicates that all of the posttest scores are lower than the pretest score. So it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce the potential of relapse in former drug addicts prisoners.

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